Arthur Schnitzler: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu, kutamba

Arthur Schnitzler - anozivikanwa yeAustria munyori uye munyori wemitambo, anozivikanwa nokuda kwayo Mitambo akakurumbira enganonyorwa, idzo refu kubva kuva munhu chaiwo mabhuku nyika. basa rake riri chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda chaizvo, vaongorori vakawanda kudaro zviomere Pakusarudza mirayiridzo iyo nde-. munyori basa iri zvinofadza chaizvo nokuti vanogona kushandiswa kuona mamiriro mabhuku pakupera kwezana 19-20 emakore.

Early basa

Arthur Schnitzler akaberekerwa Vienna muna 1862 mumhuri yechiJudha. baba vake aiva chiremba, uye jaya, achitevera muenzaniso wevabereki, akapinda Medical mano Moscow University. Nokuti aishanda ari psychoanalyst makore akawanda, aishanda kiriniki yababa vake, uye kunyange kuita basa sayenzi. Zvisinei, kunzwa kufarira mabhuku uye mitambo, zviri zvakanaka nokukurumidza vakasiya tsika zvokurapa uye akatanga kunyora. Mukurumbira vakauya kwaari pakarepo. Pakutanga, mabasa ake akanga kana kucherechedzwa kana kushaisa simba kusagutsikana vanoverengeka mabhuku vatsoropodzi.

Zvisinei, nokuda pakutanga World War First, Arthur Schnitzler vakava kwazvo aizivikanwa rokusika intelligentsia. basa rake pakutanga raiva zvomutambo modernism. The munyori vakatanga kusikwa chete-chiito dambe, vakanga nevakawanda chaizvo pakutanga kwezana emakore. "Anatole" (1893) - iri nyaya nyanduri, dandy, ari kuramba kutsvaka nezvake uye gwara rake pachake rokusika. Anotungamirira ari nani simbe upenyu, inova dzakatevedzana rudo zvakanangana uye adventures. Iye anodzivisa mufananidzo shamwari yake Max - vakadzikama uye kudhakwa kufunga munhu anoedza shamwari yake inomubatsira yake yakanyatsoti uye neapo inomubatsira mukurwisana ake vakadzi. Anatole inongogara kunyengera kwavo vadiwa, asi panguva imwe chete uye iye kazhinji chandakukanganisira - a kweshoko cho emunyori basa.

Musoro nzanga dzemazuva ano

Arthur Schnitzler akateerera zvikuru mufananidzo wepanguva munzanga. At kwezana remakore pakati intelligentsia, paiva pave muzarima uye tariro nokuda dambudziko upenyu nemagariro. All zvakajeka akaita pachavo akanzwa vaunganidza kupokanidzana muumambo hwacho, inova motley conglomeration marudzi vakabatana chete ndima. The kusununguka mamiriro enyika zvakakanganisa mabhuku. Vanyori Young akanga kuramba rinoratidza kudzikisirana mukuru munzanga, kuwedzera tsika wevamiriri vayo. Panguva iyoyo kwakatanga kuridza guru basa rudo dingindira. Schnitzler Arthur akamupa zvikuru yakawanda achiteerera. In mutambo "rungano" uye "Flirtti", akadzokera dingindira vanyengerwa rudo, achiratidza dambudziko riri muenzaniso zvichaitirwa munhu mutambi uye nyore nyika musikana.

Popularity muRussia

Munyori akava nomukurumbira munyika yedu pashure Bhuku rinonzi ake "The refutenendi Gustloff '(1901). basa iri Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo zvaakanyora pamberi: yokufungidzira iri romukati kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura pamusoro protagonist, riri kukonzerwa kudhumhana pamwe isina nomubiki ari kupfeka mukamuri kubhendi horo iri kusangana dutu manzwiro. Anozviona sezvo nokutuka kuti yaiva riwedzere yose pachiremera pfungwa hunhu ichi.

Kusiyana yapfuura mabasa munyori, nyaya iyi haina zvakajeka rangano marongerwo uye zano. Sezvo munyori kuda psychoanalytic dzidziso Freud, iye akateerera zvikuru tsananguro mupfungwa zviitiko vatambi vake. Saka, munyori munyika iyi kakawanda zvichienzaniswa Dostoevsky uye Chekhov, izvo zvichida anotsanangura chikonzero kukurumbira kwayo muRussia. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda, vadetembi unonyora nyaya uye wongororo mabasa ake, izvo zvinoratidza chakakomba kufarira National intelligentsia basa rake (Blok, Tsvetaeva, Trotsky).

Maruva kuti prose

Mumakore gumi okupedzisira ezana remakore rechi19 uye kutanga rechi20 munyori remakore, akasvika pakuzivikanwa se unyanzvi munyori pakabudiswa nyaya pfupi. Mumwe wavo, "The mukadzi somuzivi," inotiudza kujairika rudo nyaya zvakaitika pakati gamba uye mukadzi wechiduku, uyo, zvisinei, waiva ake mukuru. Story kunotanga nguva apo akatora mushure chiitiko makore akawanda. Gamba anosvika dzisina uye pakarepo remhosva mukadzi kamwe waaida, asi kutiza nokutya kubatwa wake. In kutaura naye, iye anowana kuti murume wake akamukanganwira, uye iye haanzwisisi ichi uye kuramba vachirarama hope rudo. Zvishoma nezvishoma anotanga kunzwisisa zviri kuitika sezvo hope - huru kweshoko iri basa munyori, yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora Freud kuti dzidziso. Panyaya iyi, munyori ari yakabatana Viennese impressionists. Pakati ake dzakakurumbira mabasa prose vangazivikanwa akadai "Teresa", "Frau naBeate uye mwanakomana wake."

Huru Misoro

Mumwe wevanyori yakakurumbira remakore rechi20 rakanga Arthur Schnitzler. "Round Dance" - basa rava quintessence basa rake. Zvisinei, dambudziko rudo kuzvigadzirisa muna Freud uye impressionist tsinga, muchinjikwa okukohwa dingindira anomhanya kuburikidza zvaakanyora zvose. All magamba vanowanzotevedzera kuenda kubudikidza nomuedzo kunzwa ichi. In mabasa evanyori intertwine nekunzwisisa, kudanana uye zvoga motifs, yokupedzisira zvakajeka vakawanda. Munyori anonyatsoteerera kuti uchida tsanangudzo rwokuramba yakakwirira munzanga, iro rinosimbisa kuderera vavakuru vane uye mufashoni nerunako pakunamata.

wakarambidzwa kutamba

Impressionism aiva tenzi wamazvirokwazvo Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", pfupiso iri chaizvo nyore, rava kupfuura dzichipesana mabasa ake. Munyori zvakare nyaya rondedzero Amorous adventures wemagamba kwayo, asi kana yapfuura rudo mutsetse yakatanga tikafunga rondedzero evanhu chokwadi, rinova kubatikana nzvimbo inokosha basa munyori, yava zvino rinotarisa chete pamusoro kuongorora Amorous adventures wemagamba, uye akatsanangura adventures dzavo mune nyore chaizvo fomu . Pano unogona kuona zvinoitwa yakakurumbira novelist French GI De Maupassant. Veruzhinji yakanga achigumburwa nokuda mutsara yakajeka zvikamu, izvo, chokwadi, vapa zviri kutamba. Hapana nyaya zvakajeka, munyori rinotsanangura mashomanana Amorous nazvo zvakasiyana-siyana vanhu kwemazita uye matunhu.

nyaya

Arthur Schnitzler, "Rudo kutamba" razova chinhu chinokosha chigadzirwa pabasa rake, akava nomukurumbira somunhu usingaoneki kwepfungwa, uyo aikwanisa zvakarurama chaizvo kubudisa subliminal kufamba uye nemanzwiro evanhu vake. In kutamba ichi yakaratidza kupfuura yo zviri okugadzira zvinhu zviri munyori wemitambo: chifananidzo kutadza panguva munzanga, kwokuderera tsika uye tsika swagger. Basa vatambi vari mukuru, mumwe musikana mumugwagwa, nyanduri, mutambi, mukadzi wechidiki, jaya girafu simba. Munyori nguva dzose yakaedza kuratidza vamiririri Estates siyana uye makirasi uye kuti vazviise maitiro avo ezvinhu akasiyana. Musangano wokutanga kunoitika usiku guta, pamahombekombe Danube, ipapo munyori ari hwakatamisirwa dzinogarwa nzvimbo, achirondedzera rima kamuri apo vaviri kusangana zvakare.

Features

Zvinobikwa "Runaround" (kutamba ne yeAustria munyori wemitambo Artura Shnitslera) yawana notoriety kunonyanya kukonzerwa ndechokuti munyori ari vakaratidza sechisina musoro Amorous adventures wemagamba zvakare pachena. Vateereri ariwana anonyadzisira uye kunaka basa, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe dzemitambo achiri kuedza akariisa. Panguva ino, mumwe munyori wemitambo yakataura kungobva yokutsoropodza. mufananidzo rudo - haana kupfaviswa pendi ari mumutambo wake pasina hunhu, izvo ndinoda mutsoka kana dzicheme. In basa rake hapana upenyu-Richisimbisa kana chiedza, hapana tsika kana yetsika pfungwa inoita mutambo tariro zvikuru uye tariro. Hazvishamisi, chokupika "Runaround" pamusoro kutamba ne Artura Shnitslera akazviratidza scandalous. Vateereri haana kuda kutora nyaya, vakauya pamberi chiitiko vakakanda utsi mabhomba. Uye nhasi, basa iri kunonzwisiswa zvikuru nharo nokuti ayo nharo nyaya.

makore hondo

Mutambo "Runaround" Artura Shnitslera ndiyo rondedzero Amorous adventures wemagamba zvakasiyana siyana okuremekedza, makirasi uye mazera. dingindira Izvi musimboti ingano kwake, kwaakanga kuburikidza dzisinganyatsooneki mupfungwa pachisara akaedza kutsanangura vavariro nekuchiva rudo. Zvisinei, hondo yakanga isiri nehana iye, uye sei basa rake. The munyori akatanga kunyora zvishoma uye asi akasika mumwe ake kupfuura iconic mabasa - the yokufungidzira "The Kudzoka Casanova," izvo inotiudza yakakurumbira anoda kukwegura, kwete vaida kutora nzvimbo dzavo uye kutanga kukwikwidzana jaya refutenendi, asina kuita zvokutamba nayo. Mumakore akatevera, chiedza akabuda yake dzimwe enganonyorwa, zvikurukuru rondedzero yacho "The musikana Elsa."

Munyori zvakare kuita kufarira mudziyo wake - romukati kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura pamusoro heroine, kuburikidza iyo muverengi anokwanisa kunzwisisa zvepfungwa kwayo. Musikana muduku, mwanasikana rakabudirira gweta, pakarepo anodzidza rokuparadzwa yababa vake, uye izvi chemunhu chingamukurudzira zvikuru pfungwa yokufungidzira kuti sei kubatsira mubereki, uyo akakumbira rubatsiro wake. In pfungwa dzake, iye mienzaniso uye mapurani siyana ezvinhu, ari kutaura neshamwari, uye nokudaro, nyaya anochinja kuva kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura pamusoro heroine yomukati.

mumakore achangodarika

Pashure pehondo uye kuparara hweAustria-Hungary, munyori akaramba wechokwadi ake kufarira dzinotaura mufananidzo pre-hondo upenyu. Saka, munyaya pfupi "The mutambo mambakwedza," ari protagonist, refutenendi, sei kuti umutsidzire mauto yekare yeAustria. Zvisinei, munyori vakanzwisisa kukoshesa pokuwa umambo uye revolutionized nheyo akwegura uye mararamiro. Panguva iyo kwakanga idambudziko muupenyu hwake pachake. mwanasikana wake akaroorwa, ari muduku chaizvo vakazviuraya, iro ndokukurumidza rufu nemunyori. Akafa nesitiroko muna 1931.

ukoshi

Prose uye mutambo ndiwo nzvimbo akakurumbira munyika mabhuku nyika. Mumwe-chiito dambe, nyaya pfupi, enganonyorwa Schnitzler akava raikosha chiitiko muupenyu tsika Europe kwezana remakore. Vamwe vanotsvakurudza akabatanidza mabasa ake pamwe mabasa Impressionists nevamwe - pamwe modernists. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi mabasa ake vari anonakidza nokuti zvairatidza upenyu wepanguva Hungarian vanhu, zvose achikwirira ezasi.

Uyezve, akatanga pfungwa mabhuku "kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura yomukati" aiva simba guru kukura mupfungwa kuitika prose. Zvaanoona dzake ukama hworudo havasi chete zvoga, asi mupfungwa kuongorora. Kunonyanya kukonzerwa ichi akagamuchira European Kuzivikanwa Arthur Schnitzler. "Runaround", zviri iri muunganidzwa rudo mifananidzo pakati vanhu vakasiyana - kupfuura unoshamisa muenzaniso kutamba, kunoratidza chido munyori kutsanangura dzapedyo zvoupenyu hwevanhu.