Chipo vana Russia. Kushanda pamwe nevana chipo. Vana chipo vari kukireshi. Mwana chipo iri ...

Mazuva ano tsika dzidzo anopindura rinokosha nzvimbo mudzidzi zvakatinakira kusvika kumwana. Nhasi hakuna kukwana chete zvakaitika mureza ruzivo kuchizvarwa chevechiduku. Zvakakosha kuti pave Anobvumirana unhu mwana. It kunodiwa yokunyatsoongorora nokuda Implementation yakadaro basa zvido uye mikana, nemano mwana mumwe. Nezvokumutswa pokumuka nemiitiro yakadaro iri nzanga, ikoko vakawedzera hanya vanachiremba, vadzidzisi kuti nyaya vana chipo. Kana kunyange makore mashomanana apfuura, dzidziso iyi kwaireva kuti munhu ane mano supernormal, asi nhasi iri akataura kudaro.

Munyaya ino tichawana sei kuratidza mano vana chipo, nzira nechirwere zvinogoneka kuzviziva uye chii vari zvinhu pedagogical basa nevana izvi.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa pfungwa "giftedness"

Pasinei chokwadi kuti nhasi ari chipo mwana - munhu akakurumbira uye zvinovimbisa munhu, kusvikira ichangopfuura iyo kuziviswa uye kukura mano muvana vasina kuita chero vanachiremba kana masayendisiti.

Nhoroondo panowanikwa pfungwa "tarenda" (zvinoratidza munhu mukuru) yakatanga mazana emakore akawanda. Saka, munguva dzekare, vanhu inozivikanwa vamwe unyanzvi unconventional, nhaka yakakwirira azvipire rezvedzidzo nemano, vakamira kunze kubva muchaunga wavo akasarudzwa vatungamiriri kurudzi, vakava mashameni kana varapi.

Terms akadai "shasha" uye "tarenda", dzakatangira nguva nyika yekare. Zvinozivikanwa kuti ichi yakakurumbira nguva vakawanda kunoshamisa vanhu okusika nevafungi. Exploring mabasa nevanyori siyana iyi, unogona kusarudza pfungwa huru kuti shasha uye tarenda - haasi chinhu asi chipo kubva vanamwari. Nokudaro rokuti 'shasha', iro anoshandura kubva muchiLatin sezvo "mweya." Vazivi vekare vaidavira kuti vanhu vane mano kujairika chero munda dzikatumwa vanamwari kuti kuvandudza aripo nyika. Pfungwa iyi inorondedzerwa akadhindwa ose G. Hegel, Kant nevamwe.

Ndianiko uyu 'shasha "mukunzwisisa nevafungi yekare? Zviri kutoti rengano mufananidzo, izvo zvaiita kuti vanhu iyoyo haufi Demi-mwari muchimiro chomunhu. Chokutanga zvakabatanidzwa shasha vadetembi uye vemifananidzo, uye chete gare gare kuti unyanzvi vanhu kuti chinzvimbo vaongorori vakakurumbira uye voruzhinji.

Chete ari pakati XIX remakore musayendisiti F. Galton (hama Charles Darwin) dzidziso akaiswa mberi ne "vepasi" kwakabva tarenda kwevanhu. Mubhuku rake rinonzi "nhaka tarenda: mitemo yayo uye nemigumisiro," nevatsvakurudzi anoti tarenda iri nhaka. Izvi zvakabudiswa musayendisiti akanga experimentally vakaongorora mazita nhoroondo 300 mhuri.

Asi panguva imwe chete pane dzimwe pfungwa pamusoro pemavambo tarenda. Zvakananga, vatsvakurudzi vakafunga kuti mwana chipo - hachisi chipo zvakasikwa kana masimba naMwari. Vanyori pfungwa "pabhodhi" ( "Tabula rudzi") nharo kuti vana vanoberekwa vasina nhaka nemano, chero kubatwa kune kujairika pfungwa basa. Uye paumbwe shasha sei munzanga kwezvakatipoteredza uye kurerwa. Maonero akadaro vane nzvimbo evanhu vemazuva ano. Uye vane mamwe chokwadi - zvirokwazvo, zvakatipoteredza ine simba guru pamusoro pokumuka nemano vana, asi hazvibatanidzi dzinongoitika kwakarerekera murume, masero kubatwa haigumi.

rezvedzidzo giftedness

With pave zvokurapa uye mupfungwa nesayenzi yekudyidzana zvakawedzera inogona Kuongororwa uye kudzidza zvinhu dzaanofanira pfungwa giftedness. Panguva iyi, rinokosha chokuratidza zvekuongorora mano akava vanonzi pamwero yenjere (IQ). nyanzvi dzakadai A. Binet, Stern, G. Müller, G. Vyzenk, D. Hebb, nemiedzo chaiyo akagadzirirwa kuona wainyatsotaura unhu. Asi nzira iyi yave pasi kutsoropodzwa.

Vavengi dzidziso iyi vachiti kunyange vanhu vane pasi azvipire rezvedzidzo kukura anogona aine chipo. Pane zviitiko apo vana vanoberekwa vaine majini zvirwere dzive mano anoshamisa munzvimbo dzakadai Somuenzaniso, unyanzvi, mumhanzi, unyanzvi uye rwokugadzira uye nevamwe.

Pfungwa yokuwana mu Russia iri pakutanga XX remakore

Nguva iyi ichazivikanwa noku kuwedzera kufarira dambudziko vana chipo. Vazhinji masayendisiti, vanachiremba uye rokudzidzisa vari kuedza kupa kupfuura chaiyoiyo Pfungwa imwe chinoshamisa zvakadaro. Yakatangawo nzira siyana nechirwere kuita vana. Nokudaro, GI hurongwa yave akambochera Rossolimo, raisanganisira nokuyerwa unhu hwakadai:

• natswa;
• nzeve;
• associativity;
• nomusoro.

Saka, sezvinoratidzwa experimentally achishandisa mwana chipo - haisi chete ane mukuru azvipire njere. Anokwanisa vana vakasimba-zvinodiwa akasiyana unhu, kugadzikana hanya uye ndangariro, itsva mafungiro.

Panguva iyi, akanga kutanga zvaitwa nemutoo uye nesayenzi nekusimba yokuti tarenda wemwana hunovapo pachishandiswa vachiberekwa nemagene kubatwa mu nedanho evanhu, dzidzo uye dzidzo mabasa.

Interesting pfungwa K. Sototina: munyori uyu anoti aine chipo anogona kuva munhu wose somugumisiro uchirovedza muviri. Asiwo, chokuziva kugona anogona kunyangarika kupinda dzakaonda mhepo kana vasina yakatanga.

nomupiro Great kuti zvepfungwa pane giftedness vane NS Leites, BM Teplov, AG Petro nevamwe.

Uyewo ona kuti pakutanga ari XIX remakore, kuwedzera evasingatombonamati zvedzidzo kufarira dambudziko giftedness uye anobatana evanhu kudikanwa kuvandudza, kudzidza chiitiko ichi. Modern vanhu inoda matarenda vanhu: itsva pfungwa, zvinowanikwa nesayenzi, mukuru kubudirira chero munda zivo inobatsira kuti pave nomumwe nomumwe uye nyika yose.

Pfungwa giftedness

To musi, hapana chimwe chaiyo mashoko chinhu akadai ane "shasha." Mumwe mutsvakurudzi anowana nzira yake dambudziko iri. Zvisinei, kana tiri kuongorora pfungwa uye pedagogical mabhuku, zvinokwanisika kutsanangura "tarenda" sezvo unhu hwomunhu psyche kuti anova muupenyu uye kukanganisa kugona munhu kuti awane mhinduro kuti waisiyana. Vanachiremba kumuratidza kuti chiitiko ichi - mugumisiro nesungano pakati chokuziva dzevanhu data, yakapoteredza vanhu uye mupfungwa kuzvidzora budiriro zvigadziriswe.

Sei vanachiremba vakasvika pakugumisa kuti vaduku vanofanira kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo nechirwere uye kukura mano? Chokwadi kuti ari kuyaruka ari paumbwe zvakasiyana siyana munhu mupfungwa unhu. Education kuti chipo Children - chinokosha chezvinonhuwira ramangwana kugadzira mano. Saka, vadzidzisi vanofanira kubhadhara ngwariro chaiyo vadzidzi. Vana zera iri ichazivikanwa noku rakawedzera mabasa akasiyana mupfungwa dzinotsanagura nokuzivikanwa inotungamirwa. Izvi yakaorera pasi kuti pave chokuziva zvaisazogona mwana.

Ndiani aiva mwana chipo? Uyu mubvunzo kuti hapana mhinduro chete. Saka, kuti zuva, pane pakatarisana muchifunga:

• Chipo vana - haiwaniki nyore, kujairika kugona kutanga nedanho dzidzo;
• vana vose vakaberekwa vari pakuridza, imwe kuratidzwa mano avo vanovimba zvinhu munzanga.

Zvisinei, kuti chipo mwana - ndiye munhu akaratidza chimwe pamusoro avhareji yakatarwa pamwero. Tinofanira kuratidza mano izvi chete - chero chete kunyanya nharaunda zivo kana chete sei rokuongorora navo vachiri vaduku, kuti ndiye "mureza", uye kuti "eccentricity" - zvose mibvunzo iyi kuramba kutsvaka mhinduro vanachiremba yose.

Kunyange zvakadaro, vamwe yokuronga patsva, vachirayira Data vakawana kubva observational zvidzidzo zvakasiyana, ari kuedza rakashuma muna mabhuku. Tichagovana ruzivo urwu pazasi.

Mamirire zviratidzo giftedness

Chii unhu zvingaratidza kuvapo mwana kunoshamisa kugona?

Kusiyanisa zvinhu zviviri mwana maitiro:

1. Instrumental - sei mbudzana anoita zvimwe chiito.
2. Motivational - anosarudza mafungiro omwana kushanda.

Uyewo, izvi zvine chokuita maitiro zvinogona vakaongorora maererano zvinotevera zvinodiwa. Nokudaro, chishandiso kunoratidzwa:

• kutsanya (ainzi "hapana-zera") ugone chero basa, ayo kubudirira Implementation;
• kuumba nzira itsva kugadzirisa ano dambudziko mamiriro;
• paumbwe pfungwa okusika, zvakawanikwa (zvakagadzirwa).

Uyewo mwana chipo kazhinji pave yayo werudzii kuita chero basa, ane yokuronga patsva unyanzvi, muunganidzwa, pachisara uyewo nevamwe mhando kudzidza. Saka, kushanda nevana chipo mukirasi zvinoda munhu uye munhu kusvika.

Motivational chinotaurwa richiratidzwa zvinotevera:

• mwana pane ichiwedzerwa kufarira zvimwe;
• mwana akasiyana zvishande basa, katsika kudzidza, ongorora zvakavapo;
• nokuzvidzora kuvandudzika, Kurambwa makagadzirira akagadzirwa mureza dzekukurira basa;
• yakawedzera selectivity (semuenzaniso, norusaruro mafungiro kuti vanotongwa mifananidzo, mumhanzi, etc.).

Kazhinji chipo vana Preschool mudzidzisi taped kuti motivational zviratidzo - vana vakadaro vane mukuru kuda ruzivo rwenyika, wakagadzirirwa kwacho, kutsvaka nzira itsva kugadzirisa dambudziko ezvinhu.

Asi achiona maitiro mwana rinorondedzerwa features, tinogona chete zvokufungidzira pamberi zvimwe mano uye aptitudes.

mhando giftedness

Yakavakirwa zvaanorumbidza vana vane zvimwe mano, vatsvakurudzi vakagumisa kuti giftedness anogona Classified maererano zvinotevera nzira:

• basa umo mwana kuita zvakanaka;
• kuumba kwokunze kuratidzwa nezvaanogona;
• dhigirii okukura;
• rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira kuratidzwa mabasa akasiyana-siyana mwana;
• zera zvinhu.

On chokuratidza kuti 'basa' giftedness kupatsanura inobva anozivikanwa mabasa shanu: yokungotaura, hunoshanda, kukurukura, pakunamata uye zvinokosha zvinoyevedza uye aesthetic; uye zvitatu chepfungwa: mupfungwa, nesarudzo, njere. Kazhinji vana chipo mubindu anokwanisa mune imwe munda kwebasa: vachiimba, kudhirowa, magadzirirwo nevamwe.

Maumbirwe chokunze kuratidzwa matarenda uye chipo vana vangava mano anoshamisa yakajeka uye yakavanzika. Kana wokutanga migumisiro mabasa mwana anoratidza zvakajeka shasha yake, chirwere ari mudzidzi ane Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa muchimiro tarenda - basa vanachiremba, vadzidzisi uye vabereki mwana. Kazhinji vana ava kukwanisa kuenda risingaoneki, zvichiguma chokwadi kuti kuzvarwa unyanzvi murume kungotaura haashandisi kwadzo muupenyu.

Maererano mwero pakukura Munokudzwa tarenda:

1. To-musi, iyo inozivikanwa ne ziso migumisiro matarenda womwana basa. Vadzidzisi vanoshanda pakuridza nevana, vanoratidza notes wavo, ndiwo mamwe kukudziridza kukwanisa kubatsira kukurira zvipingamupinyi kuti mugumisiro, kuti ikurudzire kuita chiito.
2. On zvinogona vanoti kana mwana ane dzinongoitika pfungwa nemano, izvo Pari vanoramba undeveloped. In nechirwere ichi mhando unyanzvi mwana anofanira kubatanidzwa vadzidzisi kwete chete, asiwo vabereki vevana pakuridza, mushure hama dzose vane mukana kuchengeta unhu mwana kwenguva refu kuziva mapatani.

Latitude zviratidzo emit:

1. Kunopindirana tarenda, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva ndechokuti mwana rinoratidza kujairika kugona mabasa akasiyana-siyana uye nzvimbo unyanzvi. Zviri pamusoro vanhu vakadaro vanoti: "unyanzvi vanhu - chipo zvose."
2. tarenda Special kunoratidzwa chete nenzira yakamanikana munda, zvakadai mimhanzi kana kupenda.

Age peculiarities yokuwana dzinoiswa kupinda marudzi anotevera:

• mangwanani;
• Papera.

Saka, kazhinji vadzidzisi vanozivikanwa vana chipo kukireshi. Vana ava vanonzi geeks ( "vana anoshamisa"). Makore mashomanana apfuura, shoko chakaonekwa zvepfungwa se "akangwara mwana prodigy." Zita iri rakapiwa vana vari precocious mune njere bhora, somuenzaniso, muna zviviri - matatu nemakore tenzi basa zvigadzirwa zvemazuva, makombiyuta, mhuri midziyo yemagetsi. With kukura zvemichina uye pakatanga mashoko uye kombiyuta michina iri nedanho inotungamirwa vana izvi achikura, zvinokwanisika kuti nokukurumidza akarondedzera ruzivo uye unyanzvi kukura ichakurukurwa vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo.

Chirwere Nzira yokuwana

Pasinei chokwadi kuti vanachiremba vakava nemibvunzo siyana uye miedzo, dzinokosha nzira Diagnostics ose giftedness zvinoongororwa uye dzinongoitika chiedzwa. A mupiro mukuru kuti sayenzi iri nyaya iyi, akasuma AF Lazurskii. Akapa kuona mwana (makore anoverengeka) nguva refu. Kwakadaro kudzidza mwana unhu, ratidza vamwe mano, rinogona kuitwa akaramba (zuva), uye pamwe - neapo.

Imwe nzira chamber mwana kubatwa chero unyanzvi ndiko nzira oupenyu. Kazhinji kacho, zviri tsika, zviri rakaitirwa muchimiro remibvunzo.

Saka, kuziva boka vana pakuridza vanhu, zvinoda zvakawanda chirwere matanho, kusanganisira:

• Kuongorora unhu mwana ari ezvinhu masangano dzidzo, dzimba, nemamwe makirasi yokufaranuka uye;
• nyanzvi Kukoshesa zvabuda kukambaira mabasa;
• vakabata siyana mabasa psycho-chirwere (kuongorora, nemiedzo, kwacho, etc.);
• Sangano rezvedzidzo, panyama uye zvakasikwa makwikwi.

Zvevana chipo

Zvinosuruvarisa vanachiremba vakaona kuti mwana chipo kazhinji inotarisana nhamba zvinetso chaizvo. We tsanangura rakajairika vaya.

• Kushaikwa kufarira dzidziso muchikoro chesekondari.
• Kazhinji, ushingi kutongwa, unyanzvi, basa, mavambo vana ava vari kwaishorwa, sezvo kazhinji vadzidzisi uye rokudzidzisa aikoshesa unhu vana, sezvo kuteerera, kunyatsoteerera zvaidiwa nemitemo.
• On the chipo mwana vabereki mukuru nevadzidzisi dzimwe nguva tine tariro vakawandisa. Baby, achitarisira kwete rokurwadzisa vakuru, kazhinji anoita mabasa, kunyange chokwadi aida kuratidza zvimwe.
• Kazhinji vana ava vari mumapepanhau mudenderedzwa vezera.
• Kazhinji, vana vanokwanisa kusarudza shamwari vakuru pachake, asi uyu ezvinhu, vana havagoni kuziva mukana wavo zvizere nokuda zvinokosha kusiyana kwomuviri.

Saka, basa nevana chipo mune kuenda kukireshi uye kuchikoro kunoda ruzivo wepfungwa, nomumwe nzira, hanya uye Kugamuchira.

Zvinoumba pedagogical basa nevana chipo

Chokwadi, pane zvimwe basa nevana chipo. Munzanga pane maonero kuti vana ava havadi kutungamirirwa uye kudzora mukuru. Kutaura zvazviri, chokwadi. Vana vane tarenda, vanoda kugara rubatsiro mukuru zvevapi vamazano. Saka, vana chipo kukireshi vachiri havanzwisisi "chinzvimbo" zvavo, chakapiwa kwavari vakuru. Chete pasi zvakananga kutarisira mudzidzisi anogona kugadzirwa, kuratidza horizons itsva preschooler tarenda. Kuwedzera nomumwe basa nevana vari kuenda kukireshi masvingo, basa pamusoro pokumuka nemano vana chipo kubva kuenda kukireshi zera riri kuitwa siyana nzvimbo mangwanani kukura.

Kushanda nevana chipo mukirasi ndiko kuwana kodzero yokutaura kuti mudzidzi, kuti ave mukuru pamwe uye mubatsiri ari Implementation kuti vakaronga muzvirongwa.

Kushanda nevana chipo vari kuramba neunyanzvi mu yechinangwa kwohumwe dzidzo. Saka, nyika ino nhasi rava kwete zvesekondari nevadzidzi, uye dzakazara akazvimirira mirayiridzo, funga nezvezviratidzo uye mano nevana.

In zvepfungwa nedzidzo nemabhuku anotevera chipo dzidzo nzira:

1. Nokudzamisa ruzivo.
2. Kudzidza zvinhu dzidzo nokukurumidza kumhanya.
3. Kuunza matambudziko ezvinhu kuti yokuzvitonga vana vavo.
4. Vapfume zvinhu.

State rutsigiro vana chipo

Hurumende anofarira dzidzo chipo vana unyanzvi. Naizvozvo, kufungisisa mupfungwa uye pedagogical zviri basa pamwe chipfuro purogiramu Russian Federation yambokurukurwa vana chipo "Vana Russia". kugutsikana Its rinosanganisira purogiramu "pakuridza Children", iro rinotarisira pakusika zvinhu nokuda kuziva uye kukura vana matarenda panguva mamiriro pamwero. Zvinotevera mabasa kuitwa yechinangwa ichi Sub-chirongwa:

1. All-Russian Olympiad pamusoro yoga nyaya.
2. Makwikwi, makwikwi, makwikwi mukati yechinangwa kwohumwe dzidzo.
3. Creative shanduko mumisasa, kuzvikoro zhizha vana unyanzvi.

Vana chipo munyika

Nokudada tinogona kutaura kuti Russia ndiyo akapfuma tarenda. Vana kudzivirira rukudzo munyika zvekuimba uye afunge dzomunyika makwikwi, anotora nyika yose iri dzemitambo, achiita panguva symposia uye Misangano yesayenzi.

chirongwa rezvisikwa zviri enisaikoropidhiya "chipo Vana Russia" rave rakatangwa muna yechinangwa chirongwa ehurumende. Mubhuku rino akarongwa mazita vakomana vakazvichenesa kusiyaniswa mune imwe mumunda basa. Mukuwedzera, kwakaratidzwa uye masangano zvedzidzo kuti ndakasika kupfuura akanaka ezvinhu kuti kukura vadzidzi 'unyanzvi. Also dzakanyorwa mubhuku "chipo Vana Russia" mazita vadzidzisi vaikudzwa uye kunyange vanoitisana.

Nokudaro, kuziva uye kukura vana chipo - chinokosha basa zvenyika munharaunda. Pashure pezvose, mumaoko unyanzvi, zvinhu, vaikwanisa kusanduka unconventional mafungiro vanhu yemberi kukura ane wenzanga yakabudirira ano.