Coke hovhoni gasi: sezvamunoita, kushandiswa, kugadzira

Kare kare, chemubhotoro muchoto gasi anoonekwa Kubudirira mubishi rakasikwa munhu chemubhotoro, saka chinowanzoonekwa kunyange pedzera kuti mhepo (ndiro chikonzero chakanaka chaizvo!). Gas akatanga kushandiswa papfuura nechinangwa kudziyisa chemubhotoro yamavira, uye nhasi zviri inotsungirira kunze komutemo vanoshandisa nezvezvipfuwo kushandiswa uye mamwe zvinodiwa. Saka, tiri chemubhotoro muchoto gasi, uye chii chiri sezvamunoita? Nyaya ino inokurukura zvose zvinoumba nyaya uye anopa kongiri mienzaniso kushandisa gasi.

Nhoroondo chinotaurwa

History of chemubhotoro muchoto gasi Yeshe rakatanga rechi19 - kwezana remakore rechi20. Kunyange ipapo raishandiswa nechinangwa chiedza, kudziyisa, uye ukuwo, dzokubikisa uye zvimwe mudzimba zvenyika. Nepo kwemaindasitiri payakatanga, uye urbanization. Manufacturing ne-zvigadzirwa zvakasikwa, marasha tara uye amoniya vakashumira zvinokosha zvikamu, kureva yakatsvuka zvinhu ari zvaAtemisi madhayi uye makemikari anoumba makemikari bhizimisi zvarwo. Saka, chaizvoizvo nemhando dzose chakagadzirwa colorants hunhu yakagadzirwa nebwe chemubhotoro hovhoni gasi.

стал широко использоваться в печах для изготовления промышленной продукции, в двигателях газового типа функционирования и, конечно же, в роли сырья при производстве химических продуктов. Uyezve, chemubhotoro muchoto gasi yava zvinowanzoshandiswa yamavira nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi maindasitiri zvigadzirwa, michini, gasi mhando uye kushanda Chokwadi, sezvo imwe mbishi zvinhu zviri kugadzirwa kwemakemikari zvigadzirwa.

Kugadzirira chemubhotoro hovhoni gasi

Kugadzirira chemubhotoro muchoto gasi kunoitika panguva imwe chete Chizvarwa chemubhotoro mu chemubhotoro miti mirayiridzo maererano chakaoma DISTILLATION kuti marasha. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti izvi zvinofanira hazvo mberi pa 900-1200 inegumi. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kutanga nzendo nucleation gasi anoonekwa Kubudirira hunhu, saka chinowanzoonekwa chakasara mumhepo mhepo. Papera chinguva nokuda chemubhotoro muchoto gasi kuva neshungu nokuda yamavira. Saka, kudyiwa negasi pamusoro pachavo zvavanoda ndavhiyiwa nouchapupu rutapudzo (anenge 60%), vamwe vane nhamba ndezvaMwari akasiyana Mapato vanoita Somuenzaniso, nokuti muchidziisa metallurgia yamavira, izvo zvikuru yakakwirira tembiricha, kana kuti zvomumba. To musi, zvachose vose gasi ndohwavo nevokunze vatengi. Sei? Chokwadi chokuti chemubhotoro muovheni gasi chinhu chaizvo mukuru-mafuta, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvinokwanisika kushandisa gasi kudhura kuti kudziyisa yamavira. Muenzaniso unoshamisa akadaro anogona liquefied gasi. Nenzira, rinoshanda se hwaro propane-butane nezvakasanganiswa.

Coke hovhoni Gas: Kuronga

Somugumisiro, kubva muzvizhinji kubata mavambo magasi munyaya yacho uye zvichiguma coking marasha gasi anosiyana zvikuru kukosha. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kubva inoshanda nemaonero ayo sezvamunoita kaviri zvinokosha nokufamba. Zviri, ave mutemo, pamusoro feedstock, rinoshandiswa sezvo huni, kubva kusiyana modes mabasa, mamiriro chemubhotoro yamavira mumuviri uye zvichingodaro. calorific kukosha kwayo kuri kuwanda 15-19 MJ / m3. Kana tikafunga zvakamisa hurongwa gasi sechinhu chikamu bhuku, ipapo akaumba mufananidzo zvinotevera:

• H2: 55-60.
• CH4: 20-30.
• SB: 5-7.
• CO2: 2-3.
• N2: 4.
• unsaturated Mahydrocarbon: 2-3.
• O2: 0.4-0.8.

Pazvese, kuti chemubhotoro muchoto gasi (payakavakirwa: N2CH4NH3C2H4) rine arambe achirema ari kudziya razero madhigirii kubva makirogiramu 0.45 kusvika 0.50 / m3 dzakananga kupisa yakaenzana 1.35 KJ / (m 3 · K), uye tembiricha vakarondedzera nedanho kuvesa, rinosvika 600-650 inegumi.

remubatanidzwa wenyika fomura

Sezvakatsanangurwa kumusoro, muna chemubhotoro muovheni gasi zvinosanganisira zvinhu zvakadai rehydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), amoniya (NH3) uye ethylene (C2H4). Somuenzaniso, zvakakodzera kuunza inotevera chikamu Yakanatswa chemubhotoro hovhoni gasi:

Pazvese, murwiyo ari gasi pasi kukurukurwa vari zvachose zvinosanganisirwa kuvimba tembiricha coking muitiro wayo refu. Unoitawo basa rinokosha unhu marasha kungava recyclable. Saka, zviri kumusoro ari coking tembiricha kudzora muitiro, chikuru padanho manyowa kubva Mahydrocarbon, uye saka rokumusoro zviri rehydrogen gasi uye carbon monoxide. Nokudaro, zviri carbon dioxide, nekusiyana, achava yakaderera.

Kudiwa rokuchenesa chemubhotoro hovhoni gasi

To musi, zvikuru kusachengeteka kukuru dambudziko kudiwa kuchenesa chemubhotoro muchoto gasi, sezvo chikamu rwakashata zvainoita zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza muupenyu upenyu. Saka, nzanga dzemazuva ano ruchigona kuvandudza kuMudzidzisi rwokugadzira. необходима для эффективности деятельности заводских механизмов, потому что цианид водорода, содержание которого в коксовом газе достаточно велико, служит основной причиной коррозии профессионального оборудования. Wokunatswa chemubhotoro muchoto gasi runodikanwa kubudirira chirimwa urongwa, nekuti hydrogen cyanide, zviri izvo zviri chemubhotoro muovheni gasi iri zvakakwana hombe, kukonzera ngura kuti nyanzvi michina. Uyezve, paumbwe chemubhotoro muchoto gasi compulsorily kusunungurwa amoniya. Izvi zvinhu zvikuru kwakakanganisa inobata kwete chete mapaipi, asiwo zvakatipoteredza, nokuti awana pakupedzisira ikoko. Mugumisiro remapazi anonzi mukuru azvipire kurasikirwa kwemakemikari ne-zvigadzirwa kuti kupiwa chirimwa, uyewo rebei mwero akabuda tsvina magasi uye mvura mavambo kune mhepo.

Coke hovhoni gasi rokutsvaira kwacho

влечет за собой ряд проблем, что в полной мере аргументирует необходимость его очистки. Somugumisiro, kugadzirwa chemubhotoro muchoto gasi rinobatanidza zvinetso kuti zvizere pfungwa nekuda kudiwa sokuchenesa kwayo. Pari, nzira inonyatsobudirira inorondedzerwa muchitsauko ichi nokugadzirwa, iro zvikuru kushandiswa coking indasitiri. Danho rokutanga unoshambidza gasi pamwe Ammonium phosphate mhinduro iri absorb, izvo zvinofanira hazvo kuva vakagadzirira pamwe ndiro. Uyezve, chemubhotoro muchoto gasi kuti kupatsanurwa isati anopinda dished munharaunda absorb, pamwe ichi chigadzikiso. In ichi achiparadzira mhinduro dzakananga manwiro kunofanira 1.0-1.2 L / m3 gasi, ipapo ayo arambe achirema kuchaita kwakafanana 1,195-1,210 makirogiramu / l. Izvi chemubhotoro hovhoni nzira gasi yokunatswa sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, rinowanzoshandiswa nhasi mune indasitiri, nokuti inonyatsobudirira.

Coke hovhoni gasi: kushanda

To musi, chemubhotoro muchoto gasi chinhu chaizvo zvikuru uye zvisina ngozi kushandiswa munharaunda sezvo mafuta ari simbi zvigayo dzidziso, uyewo zvaiita ezvoupfumi basa uye sezvo rimwe mbishi mashoko kugadzirwa. Somugumisiro, gasi kubva chemubhotoro kuzovazve rehydrogen kuti rinongova zvakafanira kuti kwetunhu amoniya pedyo anozivikanwa nzira condensation kushanda pasi mamiriro tembiricha yakaderera. Somugumisiro kuvhiyiwa uku rinoumbwa chakapatsanurwa kushumira unhu mbishi zvokuvakisa Syntheses akasiyana-siyana. применяется как топливо, и когда он служит сырьем для производства химической продукции). Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chine tsvina iri hydrogen sulfide riri pamamiriro chemubhotoro muovheni gasi zvachose chero zvazvingava (apo chemubhotoro uye gasi inoshandiswa sezvo mafuta uye kana yakatsvuka mashoko kugadzirwa nemakemikari zvigadzirwa). Ndokusaka inoda rokutsvaira kwacho inokurukurwa zvizere yapfuura chitsauko.

gasi ehupfumi

. Pakupedzisira, zvakakodzera kuti kufunga ehupfumi ari chemubhotoro muchoto gasi chaiko. Saka, calorific yaro simba kubva 3.600 kusvika 3,700 kcal / m3, nhamba fuma iri murwiyo anoda kubva 0.45 kusvika 0.46 makirogiramu / m3 (ndiko kusvika katatu vakareruka kupfuura mhepo), kufadza tembiricha ayo combustion muoti anoenzanisa inegumi pedyo 2060, uye muitiro achabatsirwa dzvuku womoto.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nyaya gasi riri putika kana pamwe chete mhepo. Uyezve, rezasi putika muganhu pamwero 6 rwakapetwa muzana gasi (vakasara - mhepo), uye yokumusoro nenhanho kuputika rinosvika 32 muzana gasi (vakasara - mhepo). Temperature kuvesa muoti akaenzana madhigirii 550, uye nokuda combustion 1 cubic mita negasi kunge anenge 5 cubic mita mhepo. Coke hovhoni gasi haina akapiwa ruvara uye pakubika, asi ine kunzwa munhuwi mothballs, mazai zvakaora, rinogona kunzi zviri mu ayo anoumba rehydrogen sulfide.