Ndiani akazogadzira teregirafu? Mugore chii ichi zvichaitika?

Chimiro telegraphs aiva budiriro iri zvemichina. With zvaibvira wokushandura anonongedzera siyana uye mashoko. gore chii akazogadzira teregirafu? Ndiani munyori wayo? Dzidza nezvazvo munyaya.

panotangira

Man sezvo pasocial munhu, nguva dzose tinofanira kukurukura yavo mhando. Kunyange kare, kubvira panguva yokuunza vanhu pamwechete mumapoka maduku, pane kudiwa musaridzisa hurongwa. Akabudirira shoko, achinyevera nezvengozi.

Saka, mumwe mukuru nzira mureza kutapurirwa anovata. Musi kusvika vavengi vakanyevera, tichitevedzera machemero zvakasikwa, zvakadai shiri segwenhure, namazizi mhere. Sound choutsi uye kushandisa runyanga kana zviridzwa. Chimwe inobudirira zvinoreva wokushandura chiratidzo - zviri moto. Ari nguva yedu zvinogona kubatsira, isu vakarasikirwa musango matsi vashanyi.

With kukura vanhu, izvozvo vaifanira rikurumidze uye nzira itsva nenzira zvichikurukura. Uye wakazviratidza. Next, edza kuziva kuti ndiani akatanga teregirafu. Concept zvinoreva teregirafu Kupfuudzwa zvinoreva nomukombiyuta kukurukurirana dzokuwana chiratidzo. channel izvi zvinogona kuva redhiyo mafungu kana netambo. Zita rokuti aumba kubva pamashoko mutauro wechiGiriki - ". Kunyora" tele uye grapho, iro anoshandura se "kure" uye The okuti "runhare" uye "telex" vane zvakafanana mavambo.

Ndiani kutanga akazogadzira teregirafu?

Yokutanga teregirafu yakanga Manyiminya. Hazvizivikanwi uyo akazogadzira neteregirafu. Akadhindwa nyaya pamusoro mashandiro vakatanga kubuda zvikuru mangwanani. Asi pakati peavo akazogadzira neteregirafu, zvechokwadi ndiyo Chirungu musayendisiti Hooke. akaratidza kare 1684 mudziyo wake. At mwoyo mashandiro ari mubato nomuzariro uye madenderedzwa, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa kubva madaro marefu.

Rakashandiswa Hélio Manyiminya teregirafu. Wakatanga hwakagadzwa muna 1778 pakati Observatories ose Greenwich uye Paris. Hélio kazhinji riri pamusoro mutiraipodhi, uye mukati chaiva chiduku girazi. Chiratidzo iri wakapiwa pachishandiswa chiedza kupenya, iyo rwaiwanikwa kana chiridzwa iri tilted. Muvambi mudziyo uyu zvakaoma kuzoshevedza asi nokugadzirwa akanga akakurumbira pakati muchiuto, kunyange XIX remakore.

semaphore

Muna 1792, wokuFrance Klod Shapp akazogadzira Manyiminya teregirafu-kufanana mashandiro heliograph. Chiratidzo pachishandiswa chiedza iri airatidza semaphore. Zvivako Several fanana akareba akaiswa mukati pameso mumwe. Vaiva semaphores, uye vanhu vachimhanya pavo.

Nechekare muna 1794, munzira kubva kuParis kusvikira Lille 22 nhepfenyuro vakanga yakaiswa pamwe semaphores. On kwemashoko chiratidzo zvakatora anenge 2 maminitsi. Izvi zvava hurongwa yava dzakakurumbira chaizvo. Vakanga nokukurumidza kuvakwa uye dzimwe zvechitima. Chiratidzo iri inoparadzirwa zvikuru zvakarurama kukunda yechiedza uye utsi chiratidzo.

Chappe tega rinokosha nyika Codes. On the semaphore yakatambarara akaronga rinoparadza. Kusunda kana zvabatanidzwa, vanoumba mumwe mufananidzo, chimwe nechimwe unoenderana tsamba earufabheti. Mune miniti imwe, zvakakwanisika uchatamisa mazwi maviri.

Electric teregirafu

Pakupera ari XVIII remakore, vatsvakurudzi uye vanotanga vari kudzidza ehupfumi kuti magetsi. An pfungwa uye yoashandisa neteregirafu. Muna 1774, George Lesage akasika yokutanga electrostatic teregirafu. Gare gare Samueri Semmering tega electrochemical mashandiro pamwe gasi matema mukati.

Muna 1832, Paul Schilling zvikanzwika vaya akazogadzira remagetsi teregirafu. In esiriki shinda risungirirwe shanu rinobva tsono kuti kufamba mukati Coils entwined waya. The kuitika nhungamiro kutsunga mirayiridzo umo kutamira rinobva tsono. Kutamisirwa kunogona tsamba nhamba.

Just shure Schilling zvakateverwa nhevedzano dzakafanana zvigadzirwa kubudikidza Gauss uye Weber vokuGermany, Varungu Cook uye Watson. Asi bvumidzwa nokuda remagetsi teregirafu akaenda Samuel Morse, sezvo akanga asiri chinja, uye zvokuimba mhando. Gare gare, muvambi akauya munyika yakakurumbira chiratidzo yekubvuma - Morse romutemo.

telautograph

Yefizikisi wokuScotland akatamira matanho anoverengeka mberi. Aleksandr Beyn aiva wokutanga uyo akagadzira neteregirafu, anokwanisa kuparadzira mifananidzo. The mudziyo akazviratidza muna 1843 uye ainzi "telephoto". Ari kutorwa baba Fax.

Italian Caselli anosika zvakafanana nokugadzirwa Bane midziyo uye otanga vakawanda kugadzirwa. Special varnish kuchinjirwa mifananidzo kana vanodhirowa ari kutungamirira foil. Muchina verengeka okunze uye zvakaitika kwavari papepa electrochemically. Gare gare mhando telephoto kunyange kushandiswa pakugadzira mepu.

Wireless teregirafu

Muna 1895, mumwe zvachose itsva mhando teregirafu akaratidza Russia, inonzi "dutu chakarurama '. Ndiani akazogadzira Wireless teregirafu? The muvambi aiva musayendisiti akakurumbira Alexander Popov. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha chaiva kunyoresa mashandiro redhiyo mafungu kuti pave dutu mberi.

Kutaura zvazviri, aiva redhiyo yokutanga yenyika. By optimizing muenzaniso rokutanga "dutu chakarurama" kwave kubudirira kuti chiratidzo iri encrypted Morse code, akanga apfuura zvakananga kupinda pamahedhifoni kuti kugamuchirwa divi. Popov The mudziyo yave vakabudirira kushandiswa kutaurirana pakati zvikepe uye pamahombekombe. Zvinonzi zvinowanzoshandiswa zvehondo.

A enguva itsva

Chikuva mutsva kukura telegraphs vakauya muna 1872, pashure nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Jean Bodo vanotanga-mira teregirafu. Pamusana kwaari, zvakakwanisika kutumira mashoko akawanda mune rimwe divi.

Muna 1930, kuti chikwata paakapedza Bodo dialers pamusoro disk. Vakanga vakaita yedu yekushandisa mavhiri kuti kuridza runhare pasi nhare vakwegura. Zvino unogona tsanangurai munhu kuonana kuti aida mashoko. zano kwakadaro anonzi "telex". Munyika dzakawanda pasi rose makatanga kumisa nyika enyika kuti rinotengeswa nevaridzi wiring. network vakadaro yakabuda, akadai Germany, UK, USA.

Pari neteregirafu rakanga richirimo. Asi, chokwadi, nzira itsva ruzivo kare kuribvisa panzvimbo "retrosistem".