Ndivanaani Zyrians: features, mavambo, madzinza, uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Russia - a multiethnic umambo, izvo vakabatanidzwa rwakafanana mugumo uye nhoroondo mumazana emitauro dzemadzinza. Chikonzero ichi chakava anenge chichiitika kubatana ndima itsva munguva paumbwe uye kusimudzira Russian wehurumende. Uyezve, mukova nzvimbo itsva, sezvo ari parumananzombe kakawanda inoitika nokuzvidira.

ndivanaani Zyryanov (Komi)? Anenge 300000th vanhu vaigara Western Siberia, Northern uye Eastern Europe. Dzidzo Ethnic kwakasiyana mitauro netsika ani, dzavo tsika uye akasiyana netsika. chikonzero chakanaka vakadaidzwa "vekuAmerica Russian" kana "North vaJudha."

The kusiyana kwemarudzi wokuRussia

Ethnic netsika kusiyana muRussia zvinoitwa ibatanidzo kunzi zvizvarwa vanhu (vanhu kuti vararame dzimwe nzvimbo pamberi pakasvika vatama), vanhu vanobva dzakavakidzana Union Republics (Ukrainians, Belarusians, vokuArmenia, Lithuanians, uye zvichingodaro. D.) Uye mapoka maduku emadzinza, mune vakawanda kunze Russia (Hungarians, Czechs, Vietnamese, vokuSerbia, vaAsiriya uye nevamwe) mupenyu. Chokwadi, zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye pakukura boka ndivo Indigenous avanhu.

Brief Zyryanov: vanoita?

Chii Zyrians? More chaizvo ndivanaani? Zyryanov akadana dzidzo kwemadzinza, izvo nhasi akachengeta pazera pasi nhamba iri National chikamu Russian Federation. Kusvikira 1917 aiva rudzi urwu akamira panzvimbo yokutanga pakati zvizvarwa zvemo yeRussian wehurumende, dzidzo yavo yakanga wechipiri kuvaJudha chete, uye zvebhizimisi uye netsika zyryan zvakanaka anosiyaniswa nevamwe necheSalvic marudzi. Panguva imwecheteyo vanhu zvakare vaiona Russian, t. E. The zvemo vanhu Russia. On a ndima iyoyo, sezvo kare akaratidza, zyryan anonzi "vaJudha North" kana "vokuAmerica Russian".

Resettlement uye uwandu vemarudzi

Ndivanaani Zyrians, hazvibviri kuona kuvimbika, vasina kufunga kwavo nhamba uye nzvimbo ugari. zvinhu izvi kunobatsira kukura dzidzo kwemadzinza zvikuru zvavo: mashoma vanhu zvishoma nezvishoma kufa kunze, kusiya chete peji munhau uye nharaunda dzokugara kunoenderana upenyu vemo. Kuti, maererano Karla Marksa, akavapindurawo, anosarudza kuziva, zvinonyatsorehwa tsika yevanhu.

Nhasi uwandu zyryan pamwe diki dzavanhu munyika rinosvika vanenge 400 zviuru. Man. Hunoshamisa Kuwanda kwavo zvino vanogara munzvimbo Zyrians wokutanga akazviratidza, kureva. E. In Russia. Boka duku dzavanhu (pfuurei 1,500) rakanyorwa Ukraine.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro nhengo dzidzo kwemadzinza, nhamba zyryan dzakasiyana nguva enhoroondo kukura yakavimbika anozivikanwa rokutanga. Tenda manyuko vekare, Chokwadi, zvinobvira zvakanyorwa, asi anozivawo kuti mashoko chenhema kakawanda akawanikwa navo. About Zyryanov chete uye kwete vanotaurwa yaMakoronike nemamwe magwaro kusvikira 1865, apo yakabudiswa, "Alphabetical mazita avanhu vanogara Russian Empire."

Ndivanaani vari Zyryanov (kunyange zvino vanhu vakanga voga ari oga dzinza) uye chii nokuwanda mune kumatunhu vanhu vaigara Russia muna yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, chakataurwa mabviro ichi.

Maererano "earufabheti mazita marudzi ..." Zyrians vaiva 120 zviuru. Man. Ivo Aigara kunyanya mumaruwa duku Arkhangelsk, Perm uye Vologda. ). Region kugarwa zyryan zita yekare Arimaspeya (bhuku iroro zita rakanyorwa nomumwe wevanyori muGirisi yekare, asi ichi nhoroondo bhuku, zvinosuruvarisa haana rakapona kuti mazuva edu - zvimwe zvingangoita kuti gwaro aigona kuzarura kuchikosha chikamu nhoroondo zyryan yekare ).

Kukuru kare Zyrians vanhu anofa nhasi, kunyange kuyeuka ethnos chepakarepo hapana chero pachena kwaiva tsika izvo zvinogona kuko- nokushayikwa yenhoroondo mashoko.

Anthropology uye genetics vevanhu

Around imwe nguva, apo yakabudiswa, "Alphabetical mazita marudzi ..." mu "Brockhaus uye Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary" rinotsanangura chimiro vamiririri emadzinza: nhasi Zyrians (kureva kuguma XIX - mangwanani XX remakore) akasiyana bumbiro simba. Vane svikiro yakakwirira, navazhinji bvudzi dema uye shava kana vachena maziso. Akareba blond vanhu vane zvitema Meso chisingawanzoitika pakati Zyrians vanhu.

pakuonekwa kunoratidza kuti zyryan (uyewo ano vamiririri dzinza) akasiyana utano hwakanaka uye akagwinya.

Panguva iyoyowo avhareji uropi zyryan zvakawanda uropi Slavs 20-30 magiramu. Zvazikamwa pamberi chimurenga, kunobva mashoko - "Brockhaus uye Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary", rakabudiswa muna 1890-1907, ukuwo. The Resettlement zyryan nguva dzose aiva mugove zvikoro uye mumaraibhurari, pane dzimwe dziri Russian North. Ivowo aidaro poro nokupfuwa, kuvhima uye kubata hove, kurima. "On Nehana" zyryan kukura kweSiberia uye kuFar East. Zvakanga avo kunze dzakawanda basa pakati kuSiberia uye Moscow.

Ethnic nhoroondo zyryan

Sezvambotaurwa, nguva yedu ine shoma zvinyorwa kuti anogona kupa tsanangudzo mhinduro iri dzinoverengeka nyaya. Ndivanaani Zyrians chaizvoizvo, vakaonekwa kuti anokudzwa dzinza dzidzo panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura kare - tinogona chete zvokufungidzira, kureva pfupi anobvuta-siyana Anonyorwa zvenhoroondo dzekare.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Zyrians vokutanga navanhu pamahombekombe Volga (panguva confluence of Oka uye Kama) muzana remakore rechipiri BC. Zvishoma pashure pacho akatanga Resettlement marudzi kuchamhembe, uye muna IV-VIII emakore. n. e. Ivo inogarwa nharaunda umo zvizvarwa zvavo kurarama nhasi. Gare gare Zyrians kutanga kushandisa pasimba Novgorod pasi pesimba Moscow.

Pakazosvika XVIII remakore kupedzisa padariro paumbwe dzidzo kwemadzinza. Kutanga State Board of Education kunodikanwa munguva USSR, ane zvionera munharaunda Komi (Zyrian) yakaumbwa muna 1926. Panguva iyoyo, USSR akararama zvishoma kupfuura zviuru 200. Zyrians vamiririri vanhu. Republic zyryan kuchinja pamutemo kakawanda munguva kubvira 1926 kusvika 1992. To musi, ari Russian chikamu nharaunda pasi zita Republic of Komi.

Culture Komi norudzi

Misa akaparadzirwa pakati zyryan kubva kare vaiva kuveza ounyanzvi. Izvi akarondedzera mufananidzo uye unyanzvi mundiro dzakavezwa kuti kuzivikanwa netsika Zyrian (Komi). Mhando Common dzakarukwa rakagara richidudzirwa anga kugadzira nezvakarukwa. Urudzi anoteerera zvikuru netsika zvokuporesa. Ngano kunonyanya rakafanana zvetsika Russian tsika.

mutauro Komi-Zyrian

Amai rurimi morning Zyrians - Komi-Zyryan - ndohwaJehovha Finno-Ugric mutauro mhuri uye rakakamurwa tumitauro zhinji. Mazuva Russian chizvarwa Komi-Zyrian mutauro unonzi chete 1560 zviuru. Vamiririri rudzi, riri anenge hafu zvachose Vagari ari Komi-Zyrian.

A vashoma vamiririri dzidzo kwemadzinza anosarudza kuti Komi-Zyrian mutauro waamai Ukraine (4 th. People) uye Kazakhstan (1.5 ths.).

Mabviro mazita vanhu

Kwakabva zita "Zyrians" ichiri zvisiri pachena. Pane maonero akawanda pamusoro Nezvekwakabva ethnonym:

• kubva Russian rechiito "zyrit" kana "Zira", iro rinoreva "kudhakwa";
• zvikuru anobata shanduro - kubva rechiito "zyrny" - "vazhinji panze", kureva Zyrians chaizvoizvo ". Madzingwa vamwe vanhu" .;
• ), т. е. “народ, опивающийся национальным напитком”; kubva zita hwekare doro ( "Sur"), kureva, "vanhu, opivayuschiysya National zvinobata" ..;
• obschepermskogo ne "Sarah" - murume (zvenhoroondo dzekare vanoti kamwe pachavo wakadana Zyrians suryane, syryane, etc ...).

Kana anobata zvekungofungira nezvemavambo enyika ethnonym, zviri kupupurirwa chokuti Zyryanov akadanira National Komi uye Finns. Mumutauro wavo zita rinoreva "borderlands" uye "Perm" - "kunyika iri kure". Chaizvoizvo Komi kurarama Perm nharaunda, akatanga kudana Zyryanov. Nhasi, masayendisiti kuudza Komi-Zyrian uye Komi-Perm.

With rokuti "Komi" zvinhu zvikuru pachena. Runoonekwa kuva pakati vezvesayenzi kuti paiva zita riri Kama rwizi (kureva, chaizvoizvo "murume anogara pamahombekombe ari Kama River" ..) Kana kubva prapermskogo "ru" - ". Murume, murume"

Komi kana Zyrians: sei?

Kuparadzira zvokuti Zyrians uye Komi - iyi ndiyo imwe chete vanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, nzira zvazviri, asi kunyange pano unogona kuwana mamwe kupokanidzana. Zyryanov - iyi ndiyo imwe chete mhando dzemadzinza Komi, munewo marudzi yakafanana (Permian Somuenzaniso).

Mune imwe yaMakoronike munguva Rus zita Ancient rimwe duku dzinza akatamira vose vanhu vaigara kuSiberia. Ethnonym dzagara kwemazana emakore uye pakanga nyonganyonga. Nhasi nhoroondo kururamisira ichadzorerwa uye kutsiviwa zita nevakariri zita "Komi" yepakutanga, asi kare vakadaidzwa Zyrians.

Apo vamiririri vanhu kurarama nhasi?

Nhasi, nhamba Komi-Zyrian muRussia haawanzotauri rinosvika 200 zviuru. Man. Modern Zyrians dzinozivikanwa kugara munharaunda Republic of Komi. The kwemadzinza Kuronga zvokuvhoterwa idzowo 23.7% yevanhu (65% - Russian), ruzhinji vanogara kumaruwa.

mapoka maduku vemarudzi vaigara Murmansk, Kirov, Omsk, Arkhangelsk uye dzimwe nharaunda Russian. Pedyo Zyrians dzinza inotungamirwa (Komi Permiaks) kusimbiswa Perm mudunhu.

Kuwanda vemarudzi iri kukurumidza kuchembera mu mamiriro ano. Kana rupi mbiru muna 2002 "Komi marudzi" kwakaratidza 293 zviuru. Russian vakawanda, apo muna 2010 ari runoenzanirana nhamba yakanga 228 zviuru vanhu. Zyryanov (Komi) ndivo pangozi vanhu Russia.