RCD sarudza: nheyo chiito uye mhando

RCD (residual ano mudziyo) zvakagadzirirwa kudzivisa migumisiro inokuvadza vanhu nemhuka kana magetsi ano kuonana mhenyu mativi uye nezvimwe zvemagetsi zvemhando uye pasi voltage. Chimwe chinokosha kushanda mudziyo ndiko kudzivisa moto kana leakage kuitika panyika. Unodzivirira nezvinozoitika kuti patsanura ari mains pasi zvinotevera ezvinhu:

• circuiting Appliance muviri wakaita, kuburikidza nomuviri pasi;
• ano kutakura kuonana zvinhu pamwe akafa pasi zvikamu zvemagetsi kuputira kunobva kukuvara;
• changed grounding (Pe) uye kusatsigira (N) conductors ari magetsi remudunhu.

RCD ngetedzawo nemambure pasimba RINOFAMBIRA. Kuti izvi kwavakarerekera panguva mudziyo chiyamuro uye goho danho zvakabatana non-Linear nemishonga. Differential ano runoyerera kuburikidza nawo kana voltage kuwedzera pamusoro 270, pashure izvo RCD akaremara.

Unodzivirira mano dzinosiyana mhando uye kushanda nenheyo. Chimwe chezvinhu anobatsira ari RCD zvokusarudza, zvinopa nangananga kure mapoka mutoro. Its hazvisati zvave kurerutswa nokukurumidza kushanda mamirire (mhando S kana G). Zvinonzi akagadzawo pedyo netsime, ine aizviti differential igumburwe kuitika 100 Ma kana 300 uye anoita kuti kudzima kutevera yokutanga kwakajairika RCD anoda mutengi.

Saka, kudzivirirwa ano simba grids anobva vasabatwa yezvikanganiso uye Disable mumwe nzvimbo kubva kushanda inowanzotorwa muoti hurongwa.

Sei RCD?

RCD anonziwo residual ano redunhu mudariki. Chinangwa anoramba: akavhara redunhu kana kuitika leakage. The chikuru che mudziyo uri toroidal transformer vanoverengeka windings pakati Pasika uye razero conductors zvaisanganisira pakaunda. Pamusana remagineti chaiye nokushanda mudziyo anoramba razero. Leakage muvhu anopa mwero iri yechipiri ichitenderera munhu voltage, iyo kana richisvika imwe nokukura Kwabviswa pasi dunhu nomukombiyuta chikungiso uye actuator.

For RCDs vanofanira grounding njanji Pe. Zvikasadaro, kana zvinogona pa muviri mudziyo nokuda tagovera kuputira, hapana leakage kuitika, uye kuti kubata uye makateyiwa simbi (kudziyisa redhiyeta, mapaipi mvura) kungava kuti munhu kuvhunduka. Panyaya iyi, nyika sechokudzivirira kushanda, asi zvingava nani kana anoita achigarira maoko muvhu.

Nokuti akavimbika mudzimu kuchengeteka mudziyo vanofanira kugadzira pasi. Ichishanda kwakadaro redunhu RCD redunhu rotonhorera asati pamusoro simbi casing michina kana musha midziyo yemagetsi.

RCD marudzi

RCDs dzinoiswa ne basa:

• AU - Mhinduro rinowanika kamwe kana zvishoma nezvishoma shanduka kuwedzera leakage ano.
• A - mberi kusashanda ne kugara pulsating differential ano chinogona kuonekwa pakarepo kana zvishoma kuwedzera.
• B - kuteerera AC uye pulsating leakage ano.
• S - vanosarudza RCD zvimwe igumburwe nguva-kunonoka.
• G - akafanana S, asi nezvishoma kunonoka.

Chii RCD kusarudza?

The ripple kuitika mudzimai masango rinowanika kubva washing machine, chiedza dimmers, materevhizheni, makombiyuta, maturusi emagetsi nevamwe. Namano nokuchinja simba rinopiwa. Kushaikwa kuti nevamwe transformer ari thyristor raitungamirirwa mano kunge yekudyidzana zvakawedzera mukana wokuti leakage AC kana pulsating ano. Naizvozvo, kana zvakanga zvamboitika zvakakwana kugadza mhando nevakurukuri, yava zvakafanira mhando A kana B.

Where kuisa RCD?

1. Dzaiwanika mukuvaka musine rakawedzera ngozi yemagetsi kuvhunduka.
2. The zvemagetsi kubatana ingangovapo ngozi yemagetsi kuvhunduka (dzine pamwe kupfuura dzose mwando kugutsikana, boka nzira yokubudisa, midziyo yemagetsi uye zvichingodaro. D.).
3. On huru mazano kuti kudzivirira moto njodzi. Kazhinji pane kusarudza yakatarwa RCD.
4. The uriri kuparadzirwa mapuranga ari nhoo dzinogarwa, mudzimba nomumwe.
5. In TOUR simba gadziriro: mukuru RCD vanosarudza uye chaicho diverter mitsetse, nechisarudzo zvaungasarudza kuitira igumburwe anyatsosarudza.
6. On Inner kuchengetedzwa yomuropa, semuenzaniso, 10 uye 30 Ma, uye 30 Ma uye 40 m. P. Vaona ano RCD selectivity nokuda kumusoro Achipindura akurumidze. Nokuti tsika idzi kwakanyorwa inopiwa, kana iwe tora zvokusarudza RCDs 100mA, kuti pakanga pachine nguva yokunonoka.
7. Nokuda kukwegura pamusoro kuputira haina nguva dzose pane zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera leakage ano.
8. Apo nguva imwe Zvakawanikwa ano leakage nokuda kuputira kuparara anogona kushandisa chero kwakajairika RCD ari kutevedzana chuma. Izvi kunoitika nokuda nokukurumidza uye kukosha overruns dzakasiyana siyana chinodzivirira.

Kudikanwa kushandisa RCD anyatsosarudza

RCD zvokusarudza anoita ayo basa moto kudzivirira nadzurudzo kana rikashandiswa aine nguva kunonoka - S kana G. Ava vakawedzera zvinoda kurwisa pakupotereka pfupi, nokuchinja kugona, uye simba chafariz pakusimba, etc ...

Kazhinji huru moto akapinda akatasva zvokusarudza RCD iri hombe leakage kuitika.

RCDs haagoni kushandiswa mumatunhu kuti havabvumirwi kudzima pakarepo, sezvo izvi zvingaita kuti zvashata ezvinhu (moto kana gororo aramu, ngozi vashandi, uye zvichingodaro. P.).

Kunze RCD, ano vanosarurwa kuva redunhu kutinhira. Rokutanga kushandisa pedyo nzvimbo imwe zadzisa kana remudunhu pfupi. Panyaya iyi, dunhu namapoporodzi kunokonzerwa chinetso pari pamberi inosvika muganhu. Izvi zvakakodzera kudzivirira overloading pakati successively chokuita migove, sezvo pari runoyerera kuburikidza vokukurukura ari anodzivirira namano.

Marudzi RCDs anyatsosarudza

For vanosarudza RCD zvinokosha kumbomira, ane nguva kushanda mukuru mhando mudziyo dzinongoda pazasi zano. The Mudziyo nguva kunonoka rwendo ichipfuura pacharo uye leakage kuitika haisi kusashanda. The kunonoka penguva zvingasiyana kubva yokutevedzera. Nokuti zvinhu akanzi S iri 0.15-0.5 paro, somuenzaniso, 100mA RCD 63a zvokusarudza, zvingangoita anoiswa retardation. Kusarudza achava zvakanakisisa kana vari kuiswa pasuo simba wire pamusoro mufurati. Vamwe mhando vatorwa ndivo nguva Kunonoka yakatokura. Vari zvakagadzirirwa akavhara redunhu kana moto Muvuti panowanikwa. Ukaramba chokukuvadza dziviriro, chikuru mukana wokuti kuvesa woga.

Kana zvichiratidza mudziyo G unoshanda zvinobva 0.06-0.08. The mudziyo iri zvakakwana zvakasimba mukupindura Network matambudziko. Zvinofanira iiswe pazasi RCD mhando S anyatsosarudza. Apo vaviri-Danho kudzivirirwa inogona kuiswa pa main chiyamuro, sezvo nokukurumidza RCD kwakabatana pazasi achiri kumusoro.

Kana paine richikurukura mapoka anoverengeka mitoro, imwe yoga kudzivirira mudziyo kwakabatana pamberi nerimwe, uye mazano - kusarudza moto RCD. Chete ipapo achava de-energize kana mhosva imwe pemitsara, uye vamwe vacharamba kwakabatana. Kana zano rakadaro zviri nyore kuziva hunonyengera kubatana. Kana kwakajairika RCD iri chakaremara kana akasaita kuti dambudziko iri kutenderera ipapo kushanda RCD zvokusarudza (300 Ma kana 100 Ma) uye chokukuvadza nemambure.

Inonzi zvakafanira selectivity anotevera kuisa zviridzwa:

• Akaisa kufarira nguva RCD zvokusarudza, kana inopa chakadaro mukana;
• akaisa aida rwendo parameters zvichienderana pamwero mukuru leakage ano.

RCD igumburwe unhu chiito zvokusarudza vanofanira kusapfuudza kupfuura yasara kanenge 3 nguva. Chete iyi, mudziyo anosimbiswa ishande.

parameters RCD

Two nguva RCD parameter kurondedzerwa nemitemo Russian:

• kure nguva - penguva kubva panowanikwa leakage pari Δi voga kusvikira kutsakatika kuchaita kuti chinhu chakakombama;
• nguva muganhu nokuti kukundikana mano akadai S - nguva penguva pakati pakutanga panowanikwa Δi uye nomukova kutaura navo.

Wokupedzisira parameter inorondedzera selectivity yacho RCD chiito. Its muganhu ukoshi 0.5 s. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti kuchengetedza vanhu kuvhura ikaitika mukati 10-30 MS, kudzivirira moto kuputira - kusvika 500 MS. S RCD vanosarudza mhando zvikuru kushandiswa apo zvakakodzera kubvisa positives venhema pasimba kukanganiswa kana simba RINOFAMBIRA.

Maererano shutdown akurumidze RCD Network vakakamurwa sezvinotevera:

• General kushandiswa - pasina kunonoka;
• kutaipa G - 10-40 MS;
• mhando S - 40-500 MS.

The leakage dzenzvimbo nguva dzose aripo magetsi matunhu. Muchidimbu, havafaniri kuva kupfuura 1/3 of aizviti Δi mudziyo. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti A 1 vane mutoro 0,4 Ma leakage kuitika nevatengi, uye 1 M kureba Pasika kondakita - 10 ua. Sechokudzivirira vanogadzirisa kwakakura zvachose ano dzinongoitika leakage. Kana mukasadaro, kungava kakawanda okuzvidzivirira venhema. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti chikwata pamwe Δi = 100 Ma hahuzochidziviriri munhu yemagetsi kuvhunduka.

Kana afunge simba grids havagoni kutaridzwa mhando RCD, apo nyanzvi haadi. Asi kuzviruramisa sarudzo yavo pachine kunokosha. Zvakakosha kuti yavose sezvavakatarirwa kwazvino mudziyo waiva kupfuura kutarisirwa mutoro ano. Mukuwedzera, RCD iri akagadzawo chete peya imwe nevakawanda redunhu-mudariki. Unogona kuisa imwe muchina panzvimbo mbiri differential mano. Iye achava isingadhuri, asi parameters inofanira kuchinjwa zvakanaka panyaya iyi.

RCD kuchengetedzwa kuti waya network, apo pasina unodzivirira chevaimbi. Asi zvinoshanda chete pashure kubata nzvimbo ine ngozi.

Chii kusarudza moto RCD?

Kusarudza RCD 63A, 300mA Kazhinji yakaiswa panguva Inlet somoto.

Vanhu vakawanda vanoshandisa zvatinosiita Generic muenzaniso nokuda kugadzwa kudzivirirwa mano mumba pa 30 Ma. Pano mashandiro "kusarura" selectivity rinoitwa nokuda huru musiyano pakati pamotokari dzenzvimbo. Muchiitiko chino, mari pamusoro mutengo musiyano. Uyewo, kwakajairika RCD awane nani nokuda zvikuru nokukurumidza pakaziviswa chokunyengera leakage dzenzvimbo. The musiyano unhu huchashandiswa ndechokuti mudziyo zvokusarudza ukashandukira kure apo wokutanga differential ano akaenzana kana kupfuura 300 Ma. Izvi kwatova zvinoshamisa, uye hapana mubvunzo pamusoro kana kwete kuenda control panel, izvo zvinogona riri padanda mumugwagwa. Rakakura kudaro kuitika, zvichida kushanda kwakatojairika RCDs, kana tsaona yacho pamutsetse. Pano uye saka zvichava pachena apo kutsvaka dambudziko.

Saka, moto RCD inogona kuisa ave kusarudza uye kwakajairika.

vagadziri RCD

Legrand Group ndiyo nyika vanozivikanwa akaigadzira nemagetsi hurongwa muzvivako. Mukusarudza chinzvimbo anopa chikuru kugadzirwa mitemo uye zvikuru upfumi mune zvemagetsi zvigadzirwa zvitsva. Nokuti Russia, kuti Group anopa yose mazita magetsi, kubvira zvigadziko uye haizoshandisi kuti kunzwisisa kuzvidzora nehurongwa.

Kusarudza RCDs Legrand ndiye yemagetsi uye electromechanical (segwapa pamberi Panel). Zvichienderana shanduro, zviri ndakagadza kubva kurutivi kana pasi redunhu masaisai airovera panyika. nguva kunonoka riri chinjika (pamwe 0-1,3) uye aikanganiswa. Pachiimbwa zvigwagwagwa zvinoshandiswa sezvo zvikuru kugumbuka kana chikuru kuchengeteka namano.

pamusoro RCD mitengo kuramba yakakwirira, sedzimwe mavanga.

ABB zvakazara RCD anopa nhevedzano F 200 - kubva 16 A kusvika 125 A. Kwenguva musha Network 63A RCD zvakakwana, 100mA haangotongi. By leakage dzenzvimbo imba midziyo yemagetsi yemanyorero kushandiswa umhare 30 Ma. Sezvo moto kuchengetedzwa pamusoro kupinda private musha kushandiswa zvokusarudza RCD ABB (63A, 300mA) kuti mana-danda-danho matatu network, sezvo imwe yenzvimbo rakavimbika. Akanga asiri vakaderera unhu zvigadzirwa Legrand muchiso. Nokuti Apartments pamwe chete-danho chiyamuro chinhu nechirwere mudziyo. The Photo pazasi inoratidza RCDs zvokusarudza ABB 63A, 300mA.

Kufadza kuitika izvo muchina iri kupikisa zvinobva 3 kusvika 10 Ka (zvinoratidzwa pamberi Panel). Ndicho pfupi, pane uchishandisa ano. RCD anokwanisa umbomira kusvikira muchina akadzivira pasi redunhu.

The akasimba mumwe kutungamirira, asi mutengo yakakwirira kwazvo. Vatengi kazhinji vanoda yemashoko abb, nekuti kuchengeteka chinonyanya dzinodhura. Yakabudiswa differential chikwata ABB DDA200 AP-R mhando A uye AC. Rinotibatsira nguva lag 10 MS, kunyange hazvisi zvokusarudza RCDs ABB. Igumburwe munyonga unhu riri pakati kwakajairika uye haangotongi RCDs. The midziyo yakawedzera kutapata kune zviratidzo zvinorasisa achienzaniswa vakawanda-chinangwa namano.

Kubva urema panguva zvokusarudza RCD ABB, uyewo dzimwe zvigadzirwa, zviri 2 chete%, saka kuti matambudziko basa harioneki. Electromechanical mano zvikuru njodzi yemagetsi uye mune zvose zvakanaka, kunze mutengo. Vanenge vatotanga kuzviratidza RCD pamwe zvemagetsi actuator, kwete vakaderera zvokuimba rakavimbika.

On nepamusika unogona kuwana zvigadzirwa pa hafu mutengo, asi unhu haasi muduku ABB. The kambani unoberekawo yakatevedzana FH 200, iro rine zvishoma yakaderera mutengo, asi anorasikirwa zvinooneka munyika chatingatevedzera zvigadzirwa F 200. Kunyanya, haisi yakadaro yakavimbika kuonana pakati kutara, izvo nokukurumidza akatanga kutamba, izvo zvinoratidzwa unhu basa.

Kana iwe kuwana munhu zvokusarudza RCD ABB, ndiko bedzi dzakagadzirirwa muzvitoro, kwete dubious nzvimbo. Chitsotsi chiri ngozi nokuti haagoni kudzivirira munhu zvakanaka. On modular midziyo, mazita icho vakanzwawo RCD samopalschiki vanobhadhara yakawanda nzeve nokuda kudhura.

Patriotic boka makambani Iek pave vanenge 7 zviuru. Mazita mishonga kuti zvinodiwa dzakawanda uye kuti nechokwadi yakavimbika nokushanda nesimba grids.

Kuti RCD kusangana dzakakwirira zvinodiwa. Kudivi rimwe, vanofanira kushanda yakavimbika, achidzivirira vanhu vanobva yemagetsi nehana, uye wiring - kubva kuvesa njodzi. Asi panguva imwe chete mano yakaiswa pamwero yakasiyana-siyana magetsi nematunhu, kuita zvokusarudza waipedza nomumwe nzvimbo. Izvi zvinhu, uyewo GOST 51326,1 anoenderana zvokusarudza RCD mhando Iek VD1 63S.

Product boka hunomiririrwa tsika yacho aizviti dzenzvimbo 25-80 A, uye differential dzenzvimbo vane 100 Ma uye 300 Ma. Products isingadhuri kupfuura guru-zita mavanga uye anoshandiswa nevakawanda sezvo chiyamuro mano moto. Kana kudzivirira ichi inopiwa yakawanda selectivity cutoff dzenzvimbo uye nguva sokunonoka igumburwe matunhu.

Selection rokudzivirira mano

Kana Magetsi inodyiwa dunhu iri nyore sinusoidal kuitika runoyerera kuburikidza redunhu. Leakage yaizova yakafanana muchimiro uye unogona kushandisa AC-mhando namano.

Zvamazuva ano vari kuramba vari kureva kudzora redunhu chekawo-kure danho. kutaipa mutauri mudziyo kuipindura hakuzovi pano, nani kushandisa RCD mhando A, izvo anoonawo kuti sinusoidal uno. The mano inogona kushandiswa pamwechete Somuenzaniso, incandescent chiedza zvakakodzera mhando mukurukuri, uye kune nehoro, izvo zvinogona chokuita Namano zvechivhurumukira kuzvidzora - mhando A. Asi kana uchida kuchinja chiedza kuti simba-rokuponesa mwenje nechiedza kuzvidzora kubudikidza chekawo-kure danho, vane vo kutsiva AC mudziyo mhando A. Zvikasadaro hazvishandi.

Kuti yokuparadzanisa nhanho actuation matunhu anofanira kushandisa anyatsosarudza namano. Vapinda huru mhando yakatarwa S, wechipiri pamwero - G, ipapo nguva imwe igumburwe namano.

RCD mumwechete danho yakakwirira yavose sezvavakatarirwa kuitika pane zvakabatana muna tandem nawo ane otomatiki chinja kuti anogona kushanda kwenguva refu nguva apo kwazvo mutoro. Kana mapinda muchina kuruoko 50 A, zvakakodzera kuti anyatsosarudza RCDs 63A.

Maererano zvinodiwa nemitemo, nechemberi chiridzwa Panel inoratidza aizviti kukosha voltage uye nguva uye nokuchinja pari Δi. Kana paine pakunzi munhu Sine Wave - rudzi mutauri. Kuvapo pasi maviri zvakanaka hafu kutenderera ndiyo Type A. Sarudza RCD ndiye S uye G. The tsamba pfupi wedunhu yavose sezvavakatarirwa kuitika unoratidzwa pamatanda. The mudziyo vanofanira kukunda akavaka-kusvika vaifanira, kusvikira mumuchina dzikava kure. Kazhinji, kuitika haana nguva kusvika pokupedzisira. RCD redunhu disables ari chakaremara mberi hakusati kwaitika, uye kudziyisa kondakita kuputira haana dzakaparira.

mhedziso

In yemagetsi mhuri network akashandisa kuitika uye nguva selectivity. Nokuti chinangwa ichi, kuti sechokudzivirira akatasva ari dzinotevedzana pamuti diagram, sezvamakaropafadzwa mumwe chinja kwakajairika. Hwaro nheyo chiito ndiko kuderedza nguva ano chokubuda kuburikidza nomuviri zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga kuonana kune nemagetsi zvinoriumba vari pasi voltage. Kusarudza RCD ari kuiswa pamukova uye anoita mashandiro moto.