Sezvo utachiona zviwande mumwaka uye zvisingafadzi. ezvinhu?

The duku zvinenge pamusoro redu - utachiona prokaryotic masero. Zvichida, saizi kwavo - ichi ndechimwe zvikonzero kuti vanokwanisa chaizvo kuwedzera nhamba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mwero kwemabhakitiriya kukura kunoitika ose 20-30 maminitsi. Sezvingatarisirwa, nhamba masero vakaumba hazvidaviriki! Per zuva kushandurirwa akawanda mwana kana mumwe chete vachava matani anenge 5.

Zvisinei, nokuda siyana vakaomerwa zvinokonzera kwokuwedzera uku zvikasaitika. Chii nokuda nokukurumidza chokuwanziridza ezvinhu zvipenyu izvi? Ngatiedzei wofunga nyaya iyi.

mabhakitiriya ruminant nzira

Kune akawanda. Huru chinhu anosarudza mumwe kana mumwe musiyano pakati nedanho kubereka - ndiro kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Sezvo utachiona kuwanda pasi wakakodzera ezvinhu? Two nzira:

• vegetative (asexual);
• yotunga.

Zviri anomhanya, nyore uye evolutionarily yekare nzira. Zvisinei, mune nzira dzakadaro, hapana kupanana kuvabereki ruzivo, saka munhu subsidiaries vari chaiyo kopi mubereki.

Asi sezvo kwemabhakitiriya kuwanda kana parameters rokunze bhora riri zvisingafadzi.? Kwozouya chaiwo muitiro ane chete substrate sezvo kurara kubereka zvipuka zvine masero akawanda - Exchange yokugara mashoko nokuda recombination nzvimbo kuti DNA molecules pedyo nucleoids mumasero.

Funga mumwe nomumwe embodiments izvi muudzame uye kuona zvinhu zviri chakagadzirwa kurimwa nevanhu zvigare.

Asexual kubereka uye mamiriro ayo

Mumwe sero kwemabhakitiriya anoita zvose zvinokosha pezvakaitwa:

• kufema;
• anodyisa;
• inofamba;
• It absorbs uye anopedza simba;
• kunowandawo;
• anovandudza.

Mugumisiro yose youpenyu anova nedanho asexual kubereka, zvakazoita amai muchitokisi kunoita kuti tibvunze vanhu itsva uye zvishoma nezvishoma afa.

Description acho

Nzira iyo utachiona muwande vegetatively, inogona zvishoma inorondedzerwa ndima shomanana.

1. Utachiona kunosvika imwe saizi, Nehunde muviri. Somugumisiro, iye akagadzirira kutanga muitiro.
2. Ipapo Sero anotanga riwedzere longitudinally, ndiko kureba.
3. Kana ichi akaumba pakati transverse rusvingo (muchiuno), kuti anotanga wekuita kurutivi pakati muchitokisi, kudzvinya nayo.
4. Inside izvi pamwe DNA kuberekana rikurumidze, kureva weboka racho nucleoid.
5. The majini zvinhu zvose magumo Morekuru wanamatira masvingo kwemabhakitiriya masero.
6. The zvepuraimari uye kudzokororwa DNA vanosiyana nematanda siyana.
7. Padding rwunopera uye kuparadzana kunoitika muna maviri mumasero. Sezvo vanoumba maviri mwanasikana vanhu.
8. Chitima mamiriro (flagella nebhitumini capsules nezvakadaro) kuchipedzisa nechimwe mumiririri yoga.
9. Nucleoid pakutanga yakakamurwa masero, uye cytokinesis kunoitika pashure pake.

Zviri pachena kuti kukura uye kubereka mabhakitiriya iyi mhando - nyore chaizvo uye inoita muitiro kuti haatarisiri kugadzirira uye zvimwe zvinhu chaizvo zvechiratidzo.

Zvisinei, mune dzimwe mhando (semuenzaniso, uswa tsvimbo-zvakaumbwa utachiona), muitiro hazvirevi kuguma ikoko. mwanasikana masero maviri anoumba pakati pavo bhiriji kuburikidza iyo DNA vakasununguka inopfuura kubva mumwe. Kusangana mumwe, kuti nucleic asidhi mamorekuru vakatsinhanisa migove, zvinoita kuti kuno-. Pashure paizvozvo, kuti DNA anodzokera muchitokisi chake, chete kuti zvakachinja, pamwe itsva yakavakwa-mu redunhu munzvimbo. Bhiriji collapses, inotanga mumwe nomumwe chinozvimirira.

Types foni weboka

Pane zvakawanda zviri sei utachiona muwande asexually. Kana achiita muitiro, pane zvinogoneka zviitiko zvitatu.

1. Cytokinesis uye akaparadzanisa nucleoid kunoitika isati nguva kuumba muchiuno, uye masero ndoita kuti zvivako zviviri. Saka, muna zviitiko izvi kune maumbirwo diplococci, streptococci, staphylococci, tsvimbo zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvivako, uye dzimwe mhando rwakashodoka.
2. Normal kupesana. Saka pane nenguva uye rinopindirana vegetative kupesana sezvo masero pachavo, uye magene zvokunyama uye cytoplasm. Somugumisiro mumwe mubereki vakawana maviri zvakajairika mwanasikana masero.
3. Division yokuvamba majini zvinhu nokukurumidza zvikuru kudarika kuparadzana masero pachavo. Somugumisiro, akaumba mnogonukleoidnye chimiro.

Kamwe wakaumba, mumwe pamusoro dzaidzorwa, masero akawanda vavo vanowanzoda kuparadzana nemumwe uye chinozvimirira.

Nzira masero patsanura kubva mumwe

Features utachiona ruminant vegetatively anopa nzira dzakasiyana muchitokisi kuparadzana. All vanogona zita matatu.

1. Masero dzinopaza cytoplasmic zambuko pakati pavo uye dzinga mumwe (kuparadzana hwatsvuka). Muenzaniso: nechigwadara bacillus.
2. Kunyatsoverenga Kuparadzana achibatsirwa ane zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope pose Mumwewo. Muenzaniso: Escherichia coli.
3. Section. A nzira iyo mumwe muchitokisi anorondedzera imwe dzakakomberedza ndeuke muchimiro V. Muenzaniso: diphtheria utachiona.

In ichi kunyanya asexual (vegetative) bacteria ruminant vanhu vanoguma.

Sexual kubereka: Features

Sei chokuwanziridza mabhakitiriya pabonde nenzira, zvakatanga chete muna 1946. Asati uyu aizivikanwa chete zvatakurukura nezvechisarudzo. Zvaidavirwa kuti mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti sei zvichiberekana utachiona izvi, zviri pachena: chete asexually nokuda muchitokisi nekupesana nepakati.

Zvisinei, kuedza vane okuva Escherichia coli coli akaratidza kuti masero ayo vanokwanisa conjugation. Saka akadana chaiyo muitiro zvokutsinhanisa yokugara zvinhu. Uye ichi ndicho chiratidzo wakananga riri dzepabonde kubereka.

Zvazvakadaro, masero vechirume haisi pakati utachiona. Zvisinei, nguva dzose pane mumwe kuti rine kwokutanga DNA (munhurume) uye munhu achava kwayo hondo (munhukadzi). The yose muitiro ndeiyi.

1. masero maviri wekuita nemumwe uye kuti kuonana.
2. The kuonana inonzi chinodururwa, uye ndicho chinhu negomba fibrous chubhu. Yakabudiswa "munhurume" muchitokisi.
3. Zvadaro, chiteshi inoumbwa DNA kuchinjirwa kupinda mubereki baba muchitokisi kunotanga kuitika.
4. Pano, majini acho ari recombined, kureva exchanges nyika. Morekuru roga roga rinopedzisa chisipo cheni.
5. The kwacho anononoka chaizvo, saka nguva ndima yayo "munhurume" Sero anokwanisa kakawanda kuti kutevedzera yayo DNA.
6. Somugumisiro, kuumbwa nevanhu itsva recombinant nemagene zvinhu pamwe zviratidzo vanhurume masero. Uye mimwe yemadzibaba masero kwokutanga.

The kukura kwemabhakitiriya nyuchi

Kuti kudzidza kuti kukura uye kubereka mabhakitiriya, kugadzirira chaiyo tsika zvenhau yakakodzera neimwe mhando. Vakanga seeded utachiona uye kucherechedza zvimwe zvirwere chena kudzivisa makwikwi mumigove, mamwe majemusi dzirikutaririra kuchinja kuitika uye kukura yose nyuchi.

Kana musingadi kurambidza vakaomerwa zvinokonzera iyi muitiro, yevagari kukura kuri theorem kunoita. The unooma kwamakamuri takasununguka - chete svomhu.

sporulation

Kunzwa kuti tupukanana vanokwanisa wezvamatongerwe chinokosha maumbirwo - gakava, vanhu vazhinji vanofunga kuti izvi mumwe shanduro sei kwemabhakitiriya kuwandisa. Zvisinei, hazvisi.

Gakava - ari mukusaita foni zororo pazviri anogona kurarama ezvinhu kwakaomarara dzezvakatipoteredza chete. Dzimwe nguva kunyange emakore. Pamwe kuberekana kwacho hakuna kwakabatana.