Software - Chiiko ichi? Chokwadi Software Program?

Chero achiputa kombiyuta ose zuva anotarisana nenguva izwi akadai Software. Izvi hazvishamisi, nokuti kunzwisisa ano rokuti iri zvichishandurwa se "Software" kana, mune rakapfupikiswa, "PO" ( "nyoro"). Ngatimboongororai zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha-software mhando uye ukama nezvimwe zvinoumba makombiyuta. Saka, chii Software?

General pfungwa

Kazhinji kacho Software - chine instructions, nhungamiro pamusoro nokuurayiwa kwavo nokuda mumwe mutauro zvirongwa, purogiramu kana kuisa zvirongwa anokonzera pamwe kwete chete pakati inodzidzisa uye yekombiyuta, asi pakati vanonzi simbi zvinoumba kombiyuta kana mamwe mafomu akavaka nokuti zvimwe zvinangwa.

Zvichienderana haingopiwi mashandiro usashandisa, software zvose zvinogona rakakamurwa makirasi akawanda, izvo dzichakurukurwa pashure.

Hardware uye Software: mutsauko uye ukama

Dudziro mazwi maviri aya akauya pamwechete veMubatanidzwa wokutanga makombiyuta. Nhasi, zvinofungirwa kuti Hardware - Hardware ichi kombiyuta ( "simbi" zvinoriumba), izvo zvinogona kubata maoko (motherboard, processor, ndangariro, peripherals, uye mamwe mano munyika, kana zvakabatana kwairi).

Zvakasiyana kududzirwa izwi iri Software. Translation rinogona kuratidzirwa sezvariri se "nyoro zvavo". In rinobatanidza Mupfungwa, zvinonzi zvaireva kuti chirongwa haigoni kubatwa, zviri mupfungwa, kunyange rakapotsa zvinoriumba.

Uye, kupfuura Sezvineiwo, nokuti kushandiswa "simbi" kana kuwana dzake mano zvinofanira hazvo kushandiswa Software unokosha muchimiro chaiyo kuzvidzora zvirongwa, mutoro chokupika mano akadaro (vatyairi, unopisa murayiro chiyamuro / Bios goho uye zvichingodaro. D.) .

The Software rokuti pacharo, kushandura uye dudziro iyo zvava kushandiswa kwose kwose ari akapoteredza software, kunyange panguva mambakwedza midziyo kombiyuta akanga asiri kushandiswa. Yakanga chete mangwanani 60-ies akaumba zvachose. Rakanga kwakabatana pakatanga kupesana zvakajeka zvikwata basa rekubata kombiyuta yacho Hardware, uye kuguma user. Related makirasi (Software uye Hardware) zvakazivikanwa Hardware uye Software enyika.

Kupatsanura Software inobva akawanda zvinodiwa

Sezvo Software - ndicho chirongwa chikamu chipi yekombiyuta, software iyi inogona rakakamurwa rwakafara mhando dzakawanda inobva mabasa basa nayo. Somuenzaniso, kushandisa uye kuberekana Software rakakamurwa Corporate (tsika akaitira guru yemakambani uye makambani) uye Software kuti-siyana vanoshandisa.

Maererano chokuratidza portability anogona kuva pachikuva chaiwo (uchishanda bedzi mune rimwe svikiro uye imwe mhando "simbi"), uye muchinjikwa-kuchikuva (dzakashandisa yakasiyana chaizvo nehurongwa).

Maererano zvinozivisa mhando inogona rakakamurwa proprietary software, rakazaruka (pamusoro panobva remitemo kuti Open Source GNU General Public License) uye wakasununguka. Mukuwedzera, pano kazhinji zvaisanganisira for free, akaripa uye shareware. Yokupedzisira mhando kushanda zvizere kana ubatanidzwewo shoma functionality kuti imwe nguva, pashure iyo, Chirongwa achafanira kutenga. Zvikasadaro, zvichaita kurega kushanda.

Asi chinangwa kupatsanura zvinoreva kuvapo vatatu dzakafara Mapato ose-software:

• maitiro;
• ounyanzvi;
• paku (budiriro maturusi, maturusi uye utilities).

System Software

Sezvo mamiriro hurongwa havasi chete application senguva dzose mupfungwa. Kutaura zvazviri, anodawo hurongwa zvakare zvirongwa.

Kazhinji, zvisinei, kuti hurongwa Software anogona kunzi rudzi rukoko dzaibatanidza mapurogiramu mushandisi kubva uchishandisa hurongwa ezvinhu umo unoshanda, uye Hardware zvinobatanidzwa pakuita imwe basa (semuenzaniso, ndiye mudziyo vatyairi).

Kuti izvozvo zvakajeka, tichatema kupa muenzaniso nyore. Tora Windows uchishandisa maitiro (maitiro rukoko), ruzha kadhi ( "simbi") uye nhau mutambi (chikumbiro software). To saundkarta aigona bereka inzwi, unofanira kuva mutyairi (maitiro software) kuti anopa kudzora mudziyo pedyo uchishandisa hurongwa, inova papuratifomu nokuda mutambi. Sezvo hurongwa anoziva mudziyo, kuburikidza Nemirayiro dzayo transmits kuti kudzora mutambi, kuziva mhando ekuteerera faira anoshandisa chaiwo codecs uye decoders (mamwe Software Ezvemutauro). The ukama iri pachena.

chikumbiro zvirongwa

Kuti chikumbira zvinosanganisira avo zvikumbiro zvose kuti usamhanya wegadziriro hurongwa kana kuzvishandisa chete zvisakakwana, kugadzirisa yakajeka chaizvo User mabasa.

Muenzaniso nhasi tinogona kuunza zvakawanda: hofisi Inn, vezvenhau vapepeti, ezvinhu masvomhu uye magadzirirwo, zvinoreva kuti Indaneti uye nomumbure zvakanaka, mashoko Logger, etc. Sezvaunogona kuona, mumwe mhando-software (Software) - chombo rinonyanya pamusoro Implementation .. yakamanikana chikuva mabasa, uye interacts zvakananga inodzidzisa yose yekombiyuta.

Tools & Utilities

Zvokushandisa zvinosanganisira Software nokuda kukura uye dzigadziridzwe mamwe marudzi software. Izvi zvingasanganisira kuchikuva mutauro zvirongwa ezvinhu kukura, asi SDK Mabhokisi, tsikidzi Tracking uye shanduro kuzvidzora.

Panyaya utilities, kuti pasi pavo rinowanzoreva -software kuti kugadzira Hardware parameters, uye / kana Software zvinoumba yekombiyuta iri rakabatana, pasina iro kuwana pazviruva vemamwe nzira haagoni chinozoiswa. Software kwakadaro kunogona revatema iri uchishandisa hurongwa kana yakaiswa yoga. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, utilities anogona kushandisa zvizere kushandisa michina Kurongwa (somuenzaniso, optimizers chikumbiro yokugadziridza notupukanana uye kuvandudza mabasa Windows-hurongwa).

panzvimbo imwe epilogue

Pakupedzisira, zvinokosha kuziva kuti vanoshandisa zhinji kazhinji zvinomutsa mumwe mubvunzo pamusoro rokuti Software:? «Chii chirongwa ichi" Izvi zvishoma kururama, sezvo, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, zvinogona kwete chete chete chikumbiro, asiwo kutaridza zvirongwa, kutaridza mutauro mirayiro, nhungamiro uye mitemo zvirongwa mutauro kudzora vamwe zvinoriumba kana ravo kuchinjirwa kuti kubudiswa uye kuurayiwa muchimiro binary code, somuenzaniso, musimboti processor.

kupatsanura Izvi zvimiso zvikuru, nokuti rondedzero akaratidzwa chete mhando mikuru-software pasina zvimwe nekupesana mukati subclasses, izvo nhasi inogona kuverengwa zvikurusa. Asi nokuda kutanga kunzwisisa rokuti Software vanhuwo User anogona zvakakwana uye ruzivo urwu.