Wilhelm peak: pfupi biography

Wilhelm Peak, ane biography shomanana yakanyorwa munyaya ino, ndiye muvambi weGermany Communist Party. Iye ndiye musoro weGermany Bolshevik, chimiro chakanaka cheCommintern, vamiriri veReichstag, wekutanga uye purezidhendi weGerman Democratic Republic.

Childhood

Wilhelm Peak, ane biography anofadza zvikuru, akaberekwa musi waJanuary 3, 1876 muGuben. Imba yake yaiva kumabvazuva kweguta. Baba Wilhelm vaiva mudzidzisi wega. Mushure mokugamuchira dzidzo, jaya racho rakaenda kuzotenderera. Saka yakagamuchirwa munguva yekare. Wilhelm akakurira zvakasimba, mumitambo yeKaturike.

Dzidzo:

Pakutanga, Wilhelm akapedza kudzidza kubva kune vanhuwo zvavo kuchikoro chesekondari. Ipapo baba vake vakatumira mwanakomana wavo kuti vadzidze kune muvezi. Kupikisa chikoro chaiva jeri, uye Wilhelm aiwanzoona vasungwa. Chaizvoizvo vakanga vari mbavha, vaurayi nevatambudzi. Vadzidzisi vakaramba vachiudza Wilhelm kuti aizoramba kure navo. Pakupedzisira, kurovedzwa kwemhizha kwapera uye, pakuva mubatanidzi-mudzidzisi, akaenda kunotsvaka basa.

Kubatana nehurumende

Ari munzira, akasangana nemumwe wechidiki, mudzidzi-mudzidzi. Uye Wilhelm Peak, asati atova mushandi, akabatana nevashandi vehuni. Mari imomo yakabhadharwa, asi kwete, 2 pfennings pamakiromita. Basa rake raiva rokugumbusa vanhu vaakaonana kuti vabatane nehurumende. Wilhelm akanzwa zvakanyanya muchikamu chake zvokuti akatotanga kuenda kuimba yekuimba, uye zvakare, muna 1895, kune SPD (yeGerman Social Democratic Party).

Kubva muna 1896, akagara pasi kuzoshanda muBrmen semuvezi. Uye kubvira muna 1899, akanga ari mutariri wesangano remukati wesangano muguta rimwechete. Muna 1905 akatungamira SPD uye akasarudzwa ku paramende yeguta. Muna 1906 V. Peak Yakasimudzirwa kuchinzvimbo chemunyori wepato sangano. Kubva muna 1907 kusvika muna 1908, V. Peak akadzidziswa muchechi yepati. Panguva iyoyo, maonero ake akange akafurirwa zvikuru naRux Luxemburg. Muna 1910, akatanga kutungamirira dzidzo mumunyori weSDD.

Panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yokutanga

Panguva yeHondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese, Wilhelm aipikisana nehasha yekuparadzaniswa kwenyika kukirasi uye akashanda nesimba mubato reSocial-Democratic movement. Akakwanisa kudyara vakadzi vane zviuru zviviri kuti varwise hurumende. Nokuda kweizvi, Peak akapinda mujeri reMoabhiit, kubva kwavaida kumutumira mberi. Asi iye akapukunyuka ichi, achigara ari semurindi.

Muna 1917, Peak Wilhelm akaramba kudzokera mberi uye akagamuchira mutongo wejeri wepakati pemakore mashanu nekuda kweizvi, asi magweta ake akawana kupiwa mhosva. Wilhelm akanyangarika muAmsterdam, uye panguva imwechete akagovera shanduro yeThe Struggle. Muna 1918, kupesana kwakatanga muGermany navy. Nhamba yepamusoro panguva ino yakanga yatodzokera kuBerlin uye yakanga yava zvakare mune zvinhu zvakawanda. Vatungamiri vekumutsa vakasungwa uye vakaurayiwa, asi Piku akakwanisa zvakare kutiza zvakare nekuda kwepasipoti yenhema.

Mabasa ekutanga kwehondo

MuBerlin, V. Peak akadzoka mushure mehondo. Akava musangano weCommunist Party yeGermany (Communist Party yeGermany). Muna 1919, Mr .. akabatanidzwa mukumukira uye akasungwa. Akanga ari chapupu pakubvunzurudzwa kwekupedzisira kwaK. Liebknecht naRobertemburg. Kusiyana navo, akakwanisa kutiza kubva pakusungwa.

Muna 1920, V. Peak Mutemo wepamutemo uye waiva wechina pane zvakasarudzwa pakusarudzwa kweReichstag. Asi chete Revhi naZetkin vakakwanisa kuva vatevedzeri, sezvo Reds yakagamuchira chete 1.7% yevhoti. Peak yakatanga basa rakaoma rokubata simba remuganhu. Chinangwa chake chikuru chakanga chiri kukanganisa sachigaro. Somugumisiro, Levy akanga achiri kubudiswa uye akadzingwa kubva muboka.

Zvematongerwo enyika

Muna 1921, Wilhelm Peak akasarudzwa kuva Komiti Dare reCommunist International. Ipapo akazivana naLenin. Pamusangano weOpG yakasarudzwa kutumira V. Peak kumukuru weRussia kuMoscow. Akabvuma pamabasa ake ekuchenesa maKomonisiti. Nhamba yepamusoro panguva ino yakasangana nevanhu vakadai seDzerzhinsky, Lunacharsky naKalinin. Gare gare, zvisungo izvi zvakaratidza kuti zvakasimba uye zvinobereka zvibereko.

Panguva imwe chete V. Peak - Nhengo yePrussian Landtag. Muchigaro ichi, akaramba kusvikira 1928, asati asarudzwa kuReichstag. Muna 1922, V. Peak akava mumwe wevaki veRed Aid yenyika, uye makore matatu gare gare - sachigaro we sangano iri muGermany. Muna 1923, maitiro maviri ekubvumirwa kwehurumende akaitwa muGermany, iro Red Terror rakapfuura nenyika . Asi zviremera zvakakurumidza kubvisa zvose zvekumuka.

Wilhelm akatopomerwa ne "luxemburganism" uye akamanikidzwa kuti abve pamutambo wepati. Nzvimbo yake yakatorwa naThaelmann. Mwedzi mitanhatu Peak Wilhelm akashanda semunyori wepati wesuwa. Asi havana kukanganwa pamusoro pake muMoscow, uye Peak yakabatanidzwa mumutungamiri mukuru weCommintern. Muna 1931 akazova nhengo yePresidium yeKomiti Yepamusoro yeCommunity International, inomiririra Germany mairi.

Muna 1933, apo Hitler aive nesimba, kutambudzwa kwevaKomonisiti vechiGermany kwakatanga. Wilhelm vakapinda mumusangano usingabvumirwi weCentral Committee yeKKE, iyo yakaitirwa pedyo neBerlin. Uye munaAgasti 1933 akadzingwa nekuva chizvarwa cheGermany. Muna 1934, Jon Cher akaurayiwa. V. Peak akanga ari mutevedzeri wake uye, maererano naizvozvo, akatungamira Communist Party. Asi muna August akadamanikidzwa kuenda kuParis.

Ichokwadi, Communist Party yeGermany yakaramba ichiita mabasa ayo, asi muchivande, kubva kune imwe nyika. Muna 1935, pamusangano weBrussels, V. Pick akasarudzwa sachigaro weKKE apo E. Telman akaiswa mujeri. Peak yakabva kuMoscow. Muna 1943 akava mumwe wevarongi veNational Committee "Free Germany".

Presidency

Kudzokera kuBerlin Peak muna 1945 chete uye yakaramba iri muGermany zviitiko zvezvematongerwe enyika. Wilhelm akaedza kubatanidza KKE uye SPD. Muna 1946, V. Peak, pamwe naO. Grotewohl, vakatsigira SED. Muna 1949, German German Republic (GDR) yakaumbwa. Mutungamiri wake wekutanga uye wega mutungamiriri ndiye Wilhelm Peak. Muchikamu ichi, akagara kusvikira afa. V. Peak akapera muna 1960, ava nemakore 84.

"Murasi wevanhu"

Muhupenyu hwake hwose, V. Peak akawana kuvimba kukuru kwevanhu. Aigara achizviisa pangozi, akaratidza hutsinye, kusada kuita uye ushingi. Maitiro mazhinji aifanira kupiwa kurwisana neutungamiriri hwakatengesa zvido zvevarimi nevashandi. V. Piku akakwanisa kudzivisa kuurayiwa kwevavengi nekuda kwekuzvidzora kwake kwakasiyana. Haana kumbobvumira kutya.

Panguva yehurumende yeNazi, aigara achiisa upenyu hwake pangozi, achigadzira misangano yakavanzika uye misangano. Inobatanidzwa mukukwikwidza mapoka emapoka pamwe chete.

Saka, Wilhelm Peak - ndiani uyu? Anoshingaira kurwisa kururamisira, nekuda kwevanhu. Anogona kurasikirwa noupenyu hwake pamusana pekutanga. Zvaisakwanisa kuwana kuvimba kwevanhu, vasina ruzivo rwakadzika. Uye Peak nguva dzose awana chimwe chinhu chitsva, achidzidza nguva dzose, achivandudza mano ake.

Chimwe chiitiko chakakwezva vanhu kuna Wilhelm chaiva kuvimbika kwake. Munhu wose akazviona, uyo akawana kamwechete mutungamiri weGermany. V. Peak aida kutaura kwete chete nevatungamiri nevatungamiri, asi aigara achifara kuteerera kune mumiriri wega, murume wekare, mushandi.

Aifarira kuenda kumabhizimisi, masangano uye masangano, ave pakati pevanhu, aiziva matambudziko ake uye ane tsitsi navo. Kakawanda ndaigona kubvunza kunyange mibvunzo isingafadzi, asi ndinoikumbira, saizvozvo, kune chaiyo chaiyo. Wilhelm Peak murume ane ruzivo rwekusingaperi, asi panguva imwechete. Aida hunyanya kwazvo. Basa rake rekushanda rakanga risingagumi. V. Peak akanga ari murwi asingatyi wekururamisira uye aigara achitsigira ushamwari pakati pemarudzi.