Zvirongwa. Zvinogara pamwe nezvechisarudzo

Zvose zviri zvakafanana zviviri algorithms basa.

Flowchart kutenderera parameter

Zvinogara pamwe parameter vane chimiro flowcharts (kunyange zvazvo pamusoro kare kukurukurwa). Pano itsanangudzo sangano mamiriro.

Basic zvinodiwa kuti parameters ari kutenderera

Zvinogara pamwe parameters vabhadhare kwezvakatipoteredza imwe mhando.

• Counter uye muganhu penguva (t. E. Iskh.peremennaya muganhu 1 uye muganhu 2) anofanira kuva chete mashoko mhando. Kana chete kugarisana pakati kwokutanga uye yokupedzisira tsika yacho chidimbu uye bhuku shanduka, Chirongwa anogona vazvibate kururama nokuti miganhu achapiwa shandurwai kwokutanga parameter date mhando.

• kuti vanofanira kuva parameter tsika The mhando mashoko anofanira kuva integer. Hazvina ichikurudzirwa kushandisa chaiyo mhando.

• Kushandura kukosha mune loop iskh.peremennaya simba iri kunaka. Zvikasadaro, inodzidzisa hakugoni arambe zvichibvira zvikanganiso kukaonekwa.

• Kusiyana nezvimwe mhando zvinogara, muna For ... kuti ... kuita kana Nokuti ... downto ... regai danho haigoni kuchinjwa imwe kuisa vamwe pane 1.

Turbo Pascal: sei kubuda ari loop

Kazhinji kune matambudziko umo pane loop, kureva. E. Mamiriro ndowezvokwadi. Kwemasikati nzira anobatsira kuwana kubva kutenderera pamwe precondition, postcondition, parameter. E. basa ravo wakagumiswa nguva isati yakwana.

Zvinogara pamwe parameter muna Pascal (zvirongwa iyo kunobatanidza "nokusingaperi" chokwadi mamiriro) anogona kumiswa nokushandisa Ramba. Pano basa rakarongwa sezvinotevera: magetsi iteration kubva mangwanani apedza kuuraya kwayo, kuzvidzora wapfuura inotevera chikwata, asi kwete kubva loop.

Exit nzira kunodikanwa kuitira kuti vapedze basa imwe nechigumbuso mupurogiramu remitemo. It kunokonzerwa mukati muitiro (basa) uye panguva imwecheteyo, chokupika ichi "chidimbu" pakarepo wakagumiswa. Kana Exit iri mu huru Unit, zvino arega.

Akamisa nzira akazoita uchishandisa nhungamiro zvinotevera: chirongwa zvizere basa rinoguma.

Mienzaniso mabasa kuti chisarudzo

The mushandisi achava chinobatsira pashure pokudzidza nyaya "zvinogara pamwe parameter mu Pascal 'mienzaniso kutanga kudzidza uye ipapo kudzidzira kunyora bumbiro remitemo pachako. Tumabasa kubatsira ramangwana programmers kudzidza dzidziso iyoyo, uye ipapo kuzvishandisa zvinobudirira. On "zvinogara pamwe kusarudza" mienzaniso nezvinetso sarudzo, unogona kuwana nyore uye zvakaoma. Heano 3 mabasa, izvo akabata basa uye algorithms zvinotsanangurwa uye mhinduro kuti sarudzo dzose.

Objective 1

Akapiwa mbiri-dimensional siyana integers vari kuwanda [0..199], vakasarudzwa randomly. Find uwandu zvose zviviri-digit nhamba vane chitsama digits ndiyo vakawanda 2.

The algorithm ndiko:

1. Gadzira maviri-dimensional nguvo.
2. Ongorora nhamba mumwe nokuda zvaidiwa zvinotevera ezvinhu:

a) kana 9

b) sarudza rechipiri digit nhamba pedyo kupatsanura kubudikidza Mod;

c) kuisa pasi dzinounzwa nhamba dzavo;

d) yakakamurwa akafanorongerwa mari Mod 2;

e) kana mugumisiro akaenzana 0, pakaunda iri incremented 1.

basa 2

Kupiwa chete-dimensional siyana integer zvinhu. Find uwandu zvakanaka nhamba.

The algorithm ndiko:

1. Gadzira inofa chinokosha zvinhu akasikwa randomize.
2. The kutenderera parameter kuisa Zvimiso okuti KANA, izvo zvichaita kutarisa kupiwa chinhu kusangana mamiriro X> 0.
3. Kana mamiriro nokuguta, pakaunda iri incremented 1.
4. Mushure kutenderera kuratidza zvichiguma count ukoshi.

Data mu parenthesis {} vari mashoko. The mutsetse 11 anogona kuratidza pamadziro inofa nenzira mbiri: kusiya mukaha pakati nhamba kuti rironge homwe mumwe chinhu imwe nhamba masero (iyi, avo 5).

Mumutsetse 12, ari shanduka pakaunda zvinogonawo akawedzera nenzira mbiri: kana kuti kumashure ukoshi kuwedzera 1 kana kushandisa mureza basa Inc.

basa 3

Aikoshesa sikweya chizvaro. Find uwandu zvakanaka zvinhu zviri huru diagonal.

tsananguro:

Siyana nhamba huru diagonal kunosvika kubva kumusoro kuruboshwe kuenda pasi kurudyi. Chimwe chinhu chinokosha chiri chokwadi kuti mutsara uye mbiru maindex zvakafanana. Naizvozvo, rimwe kutenderera ronga zvakakwana kufamba mechidziro pasina busting masangano anenge asara.

The algorithm ndiko:

1. Gadzira sikweya chizvaro.
2. Ipa ari shanduka anokonzera kuverenga zvakanaka okunze, mutengo "0".
3. Gadzira kutenderera kuumba mativi chizvaro.
4. Kuronga ongororo kutenderera mamiriro: kana nhamba iri huru diagonal> 0, ipapo pakaunda iri incremented 1.
5. Pashure expiry of kutenderera pamusoro chidzitiro kuratidza kukosha shanduka kuti rinochengeta uwandu zvakanaka zvinhu.

Nokurwisana pakati zvirongwa mumitauro miviri: C uye Turbo Pascal

Kazhinji, kuzvipira pamusoro programmer anoziva mitauro inoverengeka. Somuenzaniso, kungava C ++, Turbo Pascal, Delphi, Java, uye zvichingodaro. D. Kurwisana pakati vaviri mukaitwa muna 80-ies. (C uye Turbo Pascal). Pakupera kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, akadai kurwa yaiitwa pakati C ++ uye Java.

Mugore rakapotsa nzvimbo yacho dhazeni zvirongwa mumitauro mitatu, pane vatatu Cherechedza peya, vane kupikiswa kuti varove mukuru mupfungwa paIndaneti: Algol 60 Fortran, Pascal, C, Java uye C ++. Chokwadi, manzwiro aya kuzviitira, asi pane imwe nguva kana mumwe vaviri aiva mutungamiriri. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kuti bhizimisi zvinodiwa uye kudiwa imwe-software chigadzirwa. In 70-ies. "Akatonga nyika" Fortran, muna 80 - Turbo Pascal, muna 90 - C ++. Chokwadi, hapana "vakafa". Asi, ivo tinoshandurirwa yakagozha Software zvigadzirwa.

Kudzidza mapurogiramu mitauro ungacherechedza kuti vamwe misoro nemarongerwo zvakafanana. Saka, zvinogara pamwe parameter muna C akafanana zvakafanana hurongwa muna Pascal, kunze pokumbozvidya.

Sezvineiwo, Developers ose Turbo Pascal (Old World) vakabatsirwa kuitika pamusoro American Scientists, apo Munyika Itsva ari kushingaira kushandiswa migumisiro European tsvakurudzo kuedza. MuEurope, Developers kunge waitsigira mukuru dhigirii yokuchena uye compactness mapurogiramu mitauro, uye pfungwa American vari kurerekera zvakawanda kurutivi kushandisa itsva-fangled nezvemaitiro kunyora bumbiro.