An hazvizivi Pamigwagwa Kupfuudzwa - ndiyo nokupfuuridzirwa nayo utachiona kuburikidza parenteral zvokurapa Namano kuchirapa uye chirwere evanhu

Zvino mushonga akaonekwa ruzivo kwete chete sezvo tarenda kwete zita. Zvinenge sokuti, tikafunga vanachiremba shasha tikunde anoshivirira kufa nokuda asiri zvaidiwa utano mitemo muchipatara kuti refu kukanganwa. Sei imwe nzira chakagadzirwa chirwere chiri yedu yakachengeteka nguva kuwedzera? Sei muzvipatara uye maternity zvipatara vachiri "famba" staph, hepatitis, HIV? Dry nhamba rinoti kuti kakawanda chete septic zvirwere muzvipatara yakawedzera 20%, ukuwo nhamba 22% muna yevanorwara zvikuru madhipatimendi mumakore achangopfuura, ari kuvhiya 22%, mu urology pane 32%, mu Gynecology 12% muzvipatara ( 33%).

Kujekesa, hazvizivi kwadzinoita yedzimudzangara - iyi ndiyo inonzi munhu chakagadzirwa noutachiona muzvipatara zvikurukuru invasive dzokuvhiya. Sei zvichidaro kuti vanhu vakabvuma kuti kuchipatara chirwere, Kuwedzera achirwara pane vamwe?

rwokuzvarwa chirwere

With zvose zvakasiyana-siyana mikana kubata utachiona, kupararira zvigadziriswe noutachiona kubva murwere utano chete maviri:

1. Natural runotsamira zvaidiwa nomunhu pachake mitemo uye nemitemo utsanana.

2. Munhu chakagadzirwa kana pakurapa rakagadzirwa nevanhu vaiita hutachiwana. mashandiro Izvi zvinenge chose novimba uchiwirirana mabasa avo navanachiremba.

With dzinongoitika nzira okusuma utachiona zvingaitika maererano neVadzidzi pathogenic dzevanhu kwezvakatipoteredza. Nzira chirwere:

-Air-donhwe, kureva sneezing, vangakosora, kutaura (yokuSpain, tiibhii);

-fekalno-nemumuromo, i.e., tsvina nemaoko, mvura uye chikafu (nemudumbu zvirwere);

Appliance-Pin (dzakafara chaizvo chakarondedzera nezvirwere kusanganisira venereal, ganda, helminthiasis, fivha, diphtheria, uye vakawanda nevamwe).

Kusimba, kuitira unogona kubata chero chirwere, akabvuma kuti kurapwa muchipatara.

chakagadzirwa chirwere

In zvokurapa masangano, pane chikuru mbiri nzira chirwere wevarwere, inozivikanwa sechinhu chakagadzirwa kwadzinoita hutachiwana. Ivo:

1.Parenteralny, kuti chokuita kutyora murwere ganda cover.

2.Enteralny, zvinogona mamwe pakuongorora varwere, uyewo mamwe maitirwo ezvinhu kuchirapa.

Mukuwedzera, chipatara chiri rakabudirira uye chete dzinongoitika hutachiwana mashandiro kakawanda sembura mamiriro varwere. Saka, unogona kunhonga utachiona munguva kurapwa navanachiremba nevakoti, uyewo kungova muchipatara.

VaBennett chirwere varwere vari outano

Apo pane zvinhu muzvipatara varwere utachiona dzinongoitika zvinoreva, uye sei zvinokanganisawo hazvizivi mashandiro kuti kupararira chirwere. Zvikonzero ndeinotevera:

1. zvipatara anogara yakawanda kutapukirwa vanhu. Uyezve, vanenge 38% yevanhu, kusanganisira vashandi zvoutano, ndiye mutakuri utachiona siyana, asi vanhu havasi kuziva kuti vari vatakuri.

2.Uvelichenie nhamba wevarwere (vanhu vakwegura, vana) vaya yekudyidzana kutura chikumbaridzo kuramba ari muviri.

3.Obedinenie kwazvo specialized nezvipatara zvivako huru, iyo nokungwaririra kana mukusaziva pave chaiwo zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu.

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pane hazvizivi chirwere murwere ari kupfeka kuchinja, kana mukoti mutakuri kuita basa rake unodzivirira chifukidzo uye magiravhusi. Ukuwo, mumwe murwere anogona kombera utano mushandi kana anoita dzokurapwa manipulations (zvakabudiswa ropa, mazino hanya, etc.) pasina rwokudzivirira chifukidzo, magiravhusi, anokosha magirazi.

Jobs mudiki mudonzvo

Varwere zvikurukuru utachiona kunoenderana nebasa mudiki mudonzvo. Chete uwandu rinoti kuti muRussia chete nosocomial chirwere shingellezom akasimuka 26%, mikana tupukanana kuti 18%, uye 40% kubva salmonella!

Kwaachazoratidza iyi kunokonzera rakagadzirwa nevanhu nzira kuti hutachiwana? Izvi kuchikonzerwa kushayikwa zvizere pawakaperera nezvinodiwa utano. Spot macheki akaratidza kuti vanamukoti muzvipatara zhinji mukamuri yakachena, unonyatsoruramisa, uye kunyange kushanda zvakanaka. Kureva, hukawanika vose vabatwe rimwe jira disinfecting negadziriso okuchenesa uchigadzirira wevasungwa mudiki pane inodiwa nemitemo mumahofisi uye dzimba haina kuitwa kubudiswa kubudikidza Goldstone mwenje, kunyange panguva Kuwanikwa kwavo uye zvakanaka.

Kunyanya chinorwadza zvakadaro muzvipatara. Orthotopic vanamai utachiona kana muchero, semuenzaniso, suppurative zvirwere septic kunogona kuitika nokuda kutyora mitemo iri kubudiswa antiseptics achiine rukuvhute tambo, mune Obstetrics uye ramangwana yokuzvigadzirisa. The chikonzero chingava kushaya zvokutanga Masiki pachiso mukoti kana vanamukoti vari vatakuri utachiona, tisingatauri havaratidzi sterilized maturusi manapukeni uye zvichingodaro.

mishonga

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kazhinji muchipatara anogamuchira vanhu vane kujeka kuongorora chirwere. The murwere ushandiswe rabhoritari nemiedzo, uyewo ano chirwere nzira, umo vanoshandisa enteral nzira (nomuromo) mu nhengo mhango midziyo muviri. Nepo vachigadzirira pakuongororwa imwe tsika zvakatangwa taurira nemishonga ine chakarondedzera chiito. Ichi chikamu chiduku yakanaka kuitika, asi zvinokonzera makuru kuti vakasikwa mukati muchipatara okuva utachiona, kudzorerawo kwavari pamusoro zvinokonzerwa (disinfection, kvartsevanie, zvinodhaka marapirwo). Nokuda yepanyama kupararira makwara, utachiona aya raitenda muchipatara. Rusina kushandisa mishonga yaiitwa muna 72% wevarwere. Muna 42% nyaya yakanga pasina. Munyika yose nokuda sakodzera asingaurayiwi kurapwa chirwere mwero muzvipatara kwakasvika 13%.

Kuongorora chirwere uye kurapwa

Zvaizoratidza sokuti nzira itsva Dambudziko kubatsira nokukurumidza uye nemazvo kuona matambudziko ose. All wechokwadi, asi izvi hazvina kuitika chakagadzirwa chirwere wevarwere, chirwere midziyo inofanira kugadziriswa nemazvo. Somuenzaniso, ari bronchoscope pashure mumwe murwere maererano dzemunharaunda anofanira decontaminated ¾ maawa. Inspections vakaratidza kuti uyu airemekedza apo, nekuti vanachiremba havafaniri kuongorora varwere pamwero wenyika 5-8, uye 10-15 pachikwata. Zviri pachena kuti nguva asina kukwana dzinoona midziyo kwavari. Izvi zvinoshandawo pane gastroscopy, colonoscopy, anobudisa mushonga zvishoma nezvishoma kupinza, Achitora ponji, richishanda kuongorora inhalation.

Asi kunoderedza padanho chirwere enteral nzira chourongwa zvinodhaka. Pane ngozi nzira duodenal chete, kana mumwe mushonga chinotarisirwa ane vachiongorora zvakananga kupinda duodenum. Asi zvokuudzwa (kugamuchirwa mishonga uye mapiritsi achishandisa muromo, kusvinwa kana mvura kwete kunwa zvavo), sublingually (pasi rurimi) uye buccal (chokuedza mafirimu nezvevamwe mishonga kuti mucosal chingamu uye matama) kushanda yakachengeteka.

The parenteral Pamigwagwa hutachiwana

Ichi Kupfuudzwa mashandiro ari mutungamiri mukupararira AIDS uye kuzvimba chiropa. Zvinoreva peranteralny nzira - hweHIV kuburikidza neropa, uye kutyora kuvimbika mucous membranes, ganda. Muchipatara ezvinhu zvinokwanisika Muzviitiko zvakadaro:

-perelivanie ropa / yeplasma;

-zarazhenie Via sirinji panguva jekiseni;

-hirurgicheskoe kupindira;

Akatakura kubva kurapwa.

Kazhinji chakagadzirwa chirwere kunoitika muna mazino makiriniki uye kushanyira kuti gayinakorojisiti nemhaka yokuti vanachiremba kushandisa kuti aongorore mucous varwere vavo zvakanaka zvakaipa chokushandisa, uye nokuda kwebasa vanachiremba dzisiri chena magiravhusi.

majekiseni

Izvi mhando kurapa rinoshandiswa kwenguva refu. Kana syringes ndivo reusable, vari pasi rokumanikidzirwa vasati nokushandisa mbereko. In tsika, zvinosuwisa vakatungamirira kuti chirwere wevarwere zvirwere ngozi, kusanganisira AIDS, nokuda zvakakomba kuregeredza vanachiremba. Zvino uye kurapwa (intravenous uye intramuscular majekiseni), uye ropa ivhu anoshandiswa chete kuraswa syringes, saka mukana rakagadzirwa nevanhu chirwere pakarepo kushoma. Vakashinga zvinodiwa pamberi nzira kutarisa tightness pamusoro sirinji pasuru uye pasi hapana ezvinhu regai kuushandisa kana tsono zvakare mamwe evanhu. The Zvakasiyana zvekushandisa kuti endoscope (tsono, biopsy tsono nezvimwe), izvo kazhinji haitarisirwi uchidzidzira. Panguva zvakanakisisa, vari nyore achinyatsotaurira imwe disinfecting mhinduro.

akavhiyiwa

Yakakwirira zvazvingava chirwere kunoitika pakuvhiya. Zvinofadza kuti muna 1941-1945-ies hwakanyorwa 8% hweHIV yavakakuvadzwa, uye munguva yedu, postoperative chokupika septic zvirwere akasimuka 15%. Izvi imhaka yokuti:

-Use pakuvhiya kana pashure havaratidzi sterilized dressings;

-nedostatochnaya mbereko rokutema kana zvisiri nokuveza;

-wide kushandisa anodyara siyana (mu orthopedics, muna dentistry, muna cardiology). tusingaoneki zhinji vanokwanisa aivapo zvivako izvi, ivo kufukidza inokosha unodzivirira firimu pacharo, nokuvaita dzisingambosvikiki kuti nemishonga.

Decontamination chinofanira kuitwa chaiyo Bix, autoclaves kana yamakamuri kunobva mbereko nzira. Zvinonzi kushanda ikozvino kuedza kushandisa kuraswa chena mubhedha machira, zvipfeko, vanachiremba vanovhiya uye varwere, izvo zvinofanira kuderedza hazvizivi utachiona. Kubvisa chirwere Via anodyara, varwere vanopedza postoperatively kunowedzerwa antibacterial kurapa.

ropa

Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti ropa rinogona vakanonga chete njovhera, AIDS uye kuzvimba chiropa B utachiona maviri, B uye C. Imhaka utachiona izvi onai vakapa ropa kuti zvakabudiswa pfungwa. Asi zvakamboitika zvinoratidza kuti kunyange kushandisa kuraswa syringes chete, Kuwedzerwa vachikwanisa wokushandura nemavhairasi, hepatitis D, G, TTV, toxoplasmosis, cytomegalovirus, listeria nezvimwe chirwere. vaipa All kuti chokuendesa ropa, vanachiremba vanofanira kuongorora kuvapo kutapukirwa izvi. Kutaura zvazviri, kazhinji musi ongororo havana nguva kana akangobvumira kuregeredza. Saka, tinofanira hazvo onai nokungwarira kubva anyatsoronga ropa. Asi ichi hachisi nguva dzose saka nhasi, kunyange makiriniki of Moscow zviitiko chirwere varwere ropa kuitika. Dambudziko rechipiri ndechokuti pane zvakawanda mutated utachiona kunyange ichangobva bvunzo hurongwa havazvioni. The chete mamiriro ezvinhu pamwe neutachiona uye nokuisazve anyatsoronga miviri.