Anatomi yeropa uye awo

Yeropa ndiro rakakura kupfuura mamwe ose mudziyo mumuviri zvose urefu uye dhayamita uye bhuku ropa kuyerera, zvisinei napo ropa nokuyerera zvomukati zvose uye nehurongwa zvakakwana. Zvokurwara makurusa tsinga mumuviri womunhu ane inokanganisa basa ose nhengo, midziyo ropa iro bazi kure pazasi ufanane lesion.

kutsemuka anatomi

Conventionally, mudziyo uyu guru iri muzvikamu zvitatu, kwakavakirwa mirayiridzo yaro:

• Akwira dhipatimendi.
• Kutsemuka Arch anatomi riri kugadziriswa voga.
• Nekuburuka chikamu. Dhipatimendi iri ndiro wakarebesa. Painoguma rava pakati lumbar chechina vertebra. Pano anotanga vanhuwo iliac tsinga, izvo rwokuyera abdominal yeropa.

Anatomy uye kwakaita nzvimbo yacho

Akwira yeropa rinobuda ventricle kuruboshwe. Zvaakanga asvika nerumbabvu wechipiri, ruchapinda muruoko vanonzi chinhu chakakombama, izvo, curving kuruboshwe, pachiyero wechina thoracal vertebra inofamba iri pasi chikamu.

kutsemuka anatomi uye urongwa vezvikwata ayo uye matavi chikuru zvomukati hama nedzimwe pamwero yakasiyana-siyana zvinokosha zvikuru nokudzidza nemamiriro thoracal uye abdominal in.

thorax

Kutora pamusoro pamwero wechina thoracal vertebra, ari thoracal chidimbu kubva yeropa chinotungamirwa substantially vertically downwards, kuitwa riri posterior mediastinum. Kurudyi yeropa munzvimbo ino nhema kuti thoracal mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka uye unpaired Vienna; kuruboshwe - chidimbu kubva parietal pleura.

abdominal dhipatimendi

Kutanga izvi vakaparadzana nokuisa iri kutsemuka mudziyo kuburikidza runoenzanirana buri iri diaphragm uye kunosvika kune ufanane lumbar chechina vertebra. The anatomi of abdominal yeropa ine yayo peculiarity: nayo iri retroperitoneal cellular dzezvimwe, pamusoro miviri lumbar nomuzongoza, takapoteredzwa zvinotevera mitumbi:

• kodzero kwayo nhema kudzika mhango Vienna;
• kubva mberi kusvika abdominal yeropa pedyo ari posterior pose rwatata, ivo chinjikira chidimbu kubva duodenum, uye chikamu pamudzi mesentery yacho ura duku.

Kuparidzira pachiyero wechina vertebra lumbar dhipatimendi, abdominal yeropa rinokamukana huviri iliac arteries. Anopa ropa wedzerai dzakaderera Mbabvu (nzvimbo ino anonzi bifurcation, bifurcation yacho yeropa, uye ndiwo magumo).

Maererano nourongwa wemigove mudziyo uyu guru anatomi pakati yeropa uye awo runoonekwa madhipatimendi.

Matavi akwira dhipatimendi

Izvi - kwokutanga mugaba dhipatimendi. Its chinguva iduku kubva ventricle kuruboshwe kuti shwashwa rechipiri mbabvu kurudyi.

Pakutanga yacho vachikwira yeropa kubva kubazi yake kubvisa kurudyi nekuruboshwe coronary arteries, nharaunda apo ropa wedzerai mwoyo.

Mapazi kutsemuka chematenga

Arch anatomi ane zvinotevera chikabviswa: kubva convex chikamu kuchibva guru arteries kuti takura ropa riyerere kuti dehenya uye okumusoro migumo. A concave mugove anopa duku kadikidiki mapazi kuti havana zvachose nzvimbo.

Kubva convex divi kutsemuka chematenga anotevera mapazi abve (kubva kurudyi kuenda kuruboshwe):

• brachiocephalic hunde ( "brachiocephalic");
• akasiya zvakajairika carotid tsinga;
• subklavikulyarnaya akasiya tsinga.

The concave Chikamu chinhu chakakombama anopa dzakaonda arterial midziyo wakanyatsokodzera kuti trachea uye principales. nhamba yavo uye nzvimbo zvinogona zvakasiyana.

Branch ichiburuka dhipatimendi

Achiburuka yeropa, akavapindurawo, rakakamurwa muzvikamu:

1. Thoracal anoda pamusoro diaphragm;
2. Fivha, iri nechepazasi diaphragm.

Thorax:

• Parietal arterial ropa wedzerai midziyo masvingo thorax: rokumusoro diaphragmatic arteries branching kubva pemvura diaphragm pechipfuva mhango uye shure intercostal arterial midziyo achipa ropa intercostal uye ngaatarire abdominal tsandanyama, mammary shwanu, musana, uyewo dzakapfavirira zvinyama zviri shure.
• Visceral midziyo pakukoka kubva thoracal, ramify ari posterior mediastinum nhengo.

Abdominal dhipatimendi:

• matavi Parietal, branching mu masvingo abdominal mhango (majoko mana lumbar arteries zvokudya tsandanyama uye ganda lumbar, rusvingo abdominal, lumbar musana uye musana) ezasi pechiso diaphragm.
• Visceral arterial matavi kuripa kuna abdominal zvomukati - vaviri (k adrenal omumuviri, itsvo, manhu uye ovaries, apo arteries mazita dzinoenderana nemazita perfused nhengo) uye unpaired. Mazita achienderana mazita visceral arteries perfused nhengo navo.

The nemamiriro mugaba rusvingo

Pfungwa yokuti "nyika anatomi yacho yeropa" chinosanganisira rusvingo mamiriro muviri guru ropa mudziyo. Rusvingo rwaro ane zvimwe kusiyana kubva nemamiriro porusvingo mamwe arteries zvose.

The nemamiriro kutsemuka rusvingo sezvinotevera:

• The goko yomukati (the intima). Chinonzi zimba Kamudzira mudungwe pamwe endothelium. Endothelium achishingaira anopindura anonongedzera vakagamuchira kubva achiparadzira mudziyo ropa, nokuvashandura uye transmits kumeso tsandanyama paiva ngarava rusvingo.
• Tunica. rukoko urwu kunoratidzwa imwe yeropa pamusoro circularly akaronga kwakavharwa nenyama faibha (kusafanana nedzimwe arteries mumuviri, iyo nezvipo uye collagen uye anotsvedzerera tsandanyama uye kwakavharwa nenyama fibers - inopenya pasina chero preponderance wavo). kutsemuka anatomi ane chinhu: yapakati Kamudzira kutsemuka rusvingo aumbwa kunyanya kwakavharwa nenyama fibers. avhareji goko basa iri kuramba chimiro ngarava uye rinopa motility kwayo. The pakati paiva ngarava rusvingo akapoteredzwa interstitial fuma (mvura), chikuru chikamu iyo chinopinda pano kubva plasma.
• Adventitia (chokunze goko ari mudziyo). Izvi connective zvinyama rukoko rinoumbwa chaizvoizvo kuti collagen fibers uye perivascular fibroblasts. Iye zvakafanana norwonzi neropa capillaries uye rine vazhinji kuguma autonomic tsinga fibers. Perivascular connective rukoko nderimwe kondakita uye zviratidzo kutungamirirwa mudziyo, uye pulses anobva mariri.

Vakuru vose akaturikidzana ari vascular rusvingo vari interconnected uye vanokwanisa achitumira mashoko muriwo imwe - zvose kubva pakati rukoko pamusoro intima uye adventitia, uye negwara.