Attractions Newfoundland chitsuwa: kare, okunze

Zita chitsuwa Newfoundland mududziro kubva Chirungu rinoreva "nyika itsva-kuwanikwa." It riri muna North Atlantic, kure kumabvazuva kweCanada. Rakamanikana Strait of Belle Ile wakapatsanura kubva kumaodzanyemba pamucheto Labrador Peninsula, Newfoundland kuMabvazuva pedyo Atlantic Ocean, muna West - Gulf of St. Lawrence. Madzitateguru Indian akatanga kugara mairi kunyange ini remakore, uye vokuEurope - makore gumi pashure kuwanikwa America Columbus. Asi ivo kana vamwe vasina kukwanisa kuwana nayo, uye chitsuwa uchiri yaro yepakutanga chitarisiko womusango, kupa vanhu chete chikamu chiduku nenharaunda dzavo huru.

The vokuEurope vomuzana

Pane uchapupu hwokuti achiratidza kuti chitsuwa Newfoundland vakashanyira Norman VaViking ari XI remakore. Vanyori venhoroondo vanofunga kuti Icelandic sagas yakanga kudanwa kwake Wineland uye Labrador Peninsula - Markland. Pamwe ngano uye dzorudo, asi munharaunda chitsuwa Newfoundland, zvisaririra zviri Norman kumaruwa vachengetedzwe, inova dzomunharaunda aikosha uye vari pasi kudzivirira UNESCO sezvo wokutanga kugarwa European muna Western Hemisphere.

Nechekare mumazuva iwayo nzvimbo hazvina dongo; pano akararama madzitateguru maIndia uye Eskimos, uyo VaViking uye mari shoma pfungwa pamusoro nenzvimbo matongo. Fivha iri rakatanga mushure.

Age of nzendo huru

Hazvina kururama kutaura kuti chitsuwa Newfoundland uye mahombekombe Labrador akazarura risingakundiki mweya anozvipira kushumira European kuziva. In yechipiri yezana XV remakore vakauya fashoni kuenda India to simba pakati masimba pari EU Western Hemisphere. First ndakaenda kunotsvaka inozivikanwa Columbus uye yaivamo kondinendi itsva - vanhu vokuSpain yawana vakapfuma yaitongwa.

Akawana nezvokubudirira kusingaenzaniswi zvakadaro, Bristol vatengesi akasarudza kushongedzera yake rwendo - tariro kusvika wakaropafadzwa nyika, izere goridhe uye anokosha zvinonhuwira, achiri vanwa yakawanda nezvinangwa. Sezvo pasina rutsigiro kubva mamiriro, Henry VII pamusoro, vasingagoni kuwanika kunze Chirungu yamambo chikomborero, zvavakanga vachida kuita kugona vanozvirova navanopinda dzose.

Kuwanikwa Newfoundland

In May 1497 kubva Marina Bristol vakarasha chikepe akaraira noku Chirungu akaongorora Italian mavambo John Cabot (Dzhovanni Kaboto), izvo, uye makuru, uye vakaona chitsuwa Newfoundland nokuda vokuEurope. The chikepe chainzi "Matthew", uye mungarava paiva vanhu 18 chete chikwata - pachena pamusoro nechisimba varongi haana kuverenga, uye chinangwa rwendo yaive mamiriro enzvimbo ushori. Tapedza penyanza pfuurei mwedzi, Cabot asvika kuchamhembe kwemhenderekedzo chitsuwa Newfoundland muna June 1497. Achisiya pasi uye achizivisa payo nefuma korona Chirungu, mufambi akaenda mberi mhenderekedzo, vakaona hove akapfuma Mukuru Banks, "akadzungaira" vakapoteredza chitsuwa kwemwedzi, akadzoka, uye kare August 6 akasvika England.

Cabot vakauya nzeve sezvo zvinokurudzira: frowning, chando, hapana asi hove. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti nezvokuonekwa vafambi iyoyo yakafukidzwa chakavanzika chakavanzika - hapana aida kuudzawo mashoko, achitya kuti anonyengera kuti vakwikwidzi. Saka, uchapupu vasara zvikuru zvishoma. I yakasvika Dzhon Kabot Labrador kana kwete, usingazivi kuti vamwe.

miganhu kusawirirana

Panyaya iyi, Britain outdid Portuguese: kweItari akawana zita rayo kubva Hoeyo Fernandes Lavrador ( «lavradore» - pamwe Portuguese womunda.). Muna 1501, Newfoundland akauya vokwake rinotungamirirwa Gaspar Korterealem. Monument kuti aidzidzisa ichiri pamire mumwe nharaunda St. vaJohani, muzinda weruwa (muna 1965, chifananidzo chinoitirwa Portuguese, nostalgic nokuda kwake kukuru mugungwa kare).

Kwenguva refu iri munharaunda chitsuwa Newfoundland kukoshesa hapana aiti, yaigarwa maererano nemadzinza wezvizvarwa maIndia uye Inuit, uyewo nokushanyira muchiPutukezi, French, Irish uye British. Vaitenga imomo, kupanana zvavo zvinokosha pelts pamusoro Beaver, otters, uye dzimwe mhuka akatakura mbava-, mubasa hove uye kundovhima.

Pakupera ari XVI remakore kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero hove huru Vakaronda uye hove yokuFrance, uye muna North-East vaiita kutengeserana pedyo British. Kuva chitsuwa languidly vakapikisa siyana inoti European.

Nhaka korona British

Muna 1701 mambo Spanish akafa - wokupedzisira Hapsburg dzinza. MuEurope, hondo yakatanga ari Spanish Kwevaapostora wakange vakakakatira 13 makore. Muna 1713, pasi chibvumirano Rugare Utrecht, Newfoundland akaenda UK.

Zvisinei, izvi handizvo mugumo: muHondo Yemakore Seven '(1756-1763), France, Spain uye Britain akatanga zvakare kuti kupikisa ndima nemumwe, uye muna 1762 panguva St. John akatora hondo Anglo-French, iyo vakakunda yeBritain pane pakupedzisira kuwana kodzero dzavo.

Anoti Canadian Confederation

Kuedza kunyengera chitsuwa kupinda kwayo zvoupenyu enyika uye zvoupfumi simba vaite Canada, Newfoundland asi vakarikunda pasina zvikuru kufarira. Muna 1869, panyaya yokupinda Canadian Confederation akarambwa zvachose. Kamwe, varayirwa London, ari Labrador Peninsula akanga yakatora kuna Newfoundland, Canada aida kubatsira kukura deposits vemo simbi, uye zvakare chakarambwa: vepazvitsuwa zvakarurama aidavira kuti, kuva zvemari novimba Confederation, vaizongoguma kurasikirwa uchangamire hwavo. Zvisinei, chii kuti, vachava.

Mune 30s yatanga munyika dambudziko, izvo zvakazoita kuti pokuwa emari pachitsuwa Newfoundland. London akatanga 'kutarisira zvokunze ", pakaitwa basa kuona njodzi chitsuwa akasikwa. Panopera Hondo Yenyika II chisarudzo chakabatwa uye kushandisa. Muna 1948, maererano migumisiro referendamu, chitsuwa Newfoundland aiva mumwe Mapurovhinzi Canada, ndiko kuti nhasi.

Population uye Climate

Kusvika panguva vanhu munzvimbo iyi ine vanenge 500 zviuru vanhu. Kwakapiwa kuti nzvimbo yacho chitsuwa anenge zviuru 111,39 sq. Km, vagari kupfuura mwero. Misha vari kunonyanya pamahombekombe, kubva refu fishery yaiva nzira huru zvaivararamisa kuti vemo.

Cool nyorova kwenguva refu nguva akazivisa kodzero kuchitsuwa Newfoundland, okunze anoonekwa "anovhundutsa" kunyange British.

Summer muna Southeast tembiricha asingadi pfuura 15 ° C, asi napedyo of Atlantic hunokonzera hwakanyatsorwisa nepakati muchando - iri Kashoma kutonhora pane -4 ° C. In Northwest rakapinza tembiricha muoti muzhizha uye 25 ° C, uye muchando frosts kuitika desyatigradusny.

The chivezwa akasiyana zvikamu Newfoundland kuri zvakasiyana. KuMadokero, munzvimbo dzine makomo, dzemo muhomba Long Range Mountains anonzi chikamu Appalachia (kamwe pachitsuwa kutsemura kubva kondinendi prehistoric somugumisiro vanotyisa Geological njodzi). Mune imwe nzvimbo chitsuwa Newfoundland, kudziya mvura Gulf Stream kundosangana chando Labrador Current. Izvi zvinotungamirira zvinokosha kunayisa pamusoro chitsuwa (75-1500 mm). Nokuda kudhumhana nemvura mhepo Rwako kuti tembiricha dzakasiyana kupfurikidza vanenge wechitatu, varungu fluffy makore yepasisa chitsuwa Newfoundland. Photo rwakawanda mhute, kuburikidza icho tarisa kuburikidza padenga St. Johns, zvinoshamisa nowenyika mifananidzo kubva "Mhute" by Stephen King.

vagari vemo

Kingovskie chikara, sezvinei, pachitsuwa havasi kuwana. Asi kugara zvizere mhuka yenyika vari kubudirira nokuti kuti mudunhu iri muCanada kufambidzana, mudukusa kunetsekana maindasitiri. Vazhinji chitsuwa Newfoundland akafuka primeval taiga, nzvimbo huru dziri swamped. Pano elks, mabheya, bobcats, raccoons, makava nedzimwe mhuka dzakawanda. Mukati vakawanda fjords uye matombo coves Coast - paradhiso shiri uye zvomumvura mhuka.

ushanyi

Mukana kufamba isina kumbobatwa munzvimbo zvinokwezva mafeni dzakawanda eco ushanyi. The National Park Sora Morne National Park, vakawana zvakawanda yomusango mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mawere, kunaka zvakajeka gomo madhamu uye kugadzikana Mangondo dzenzizi. With pamawere mabhanga vanogona kukukurwa icebergs uye dzichitama rwebhuruu hove huru.

Nokuti vashanyi yekare Viking kugarwa, guta racho mukuru mugwagwa North America (Voter Street), mamiziyamu, mumaresitorendi uye chirangaridzo zvitoro.

Pano pakauya vanoda mutambo hove: mvura vemo vachiri ngaive nehove, pasinei kuti kushingaira kumorwa pamusoro muindasitiri pamwero anenge kubva kuwanikwa pachitsuwa Newfoundland uye Labrador. Ratyama atinoitwa dzinongoitika pfuma dzakapotsa yaparadzwa nyika.

"Gone Fishing"

Banks Grand - a kudzika nharaunda 282,5 zviuru ba M.. km izvo zvichiri ndiye "dhipoziti" rakapfuma hove munyika. Dzisingadzorwi uchibata kwakatora emakore: ari XIX remakore Vagari chitsuwa Newfoundland yakawedzera kubva 19 kusvika 220 zviuru nokuda navatorwa, uyo akarota kuti hove uye whaling.

Vanoona atanga kuridza aramu kare kwema1970, asi matanho utsinye Hurumende Canada atora chete muna 1992 uye akatanga moratorium pamusoro hove. Panguva iyi, trawlers hove inenge nyika dzose European aivhima nenhamo kodhi. The moratorium ikarova upfumi uye zvakanakira vanhu. Munguva pfupi pachitsuwa kwakasiya vanhu vanodarika 60,000.

Ndaifanira kutsvaka dzimwe nzira yokuwana. Awedzera kuchera akavhiyiwa: pachitsuwa kune simbi, mhangura zinc mhangura. Ari kumhenderekedzo mafuta inobereka pulp zvigayo akazarurwa, uchizvipa zvakanaka kukura ushanyi. Kubvira 2006, nhamba yevanhu rakatanga kukura zvakare, chichiratidza kuzoita yomunharaunda upfumi.

Newfoundland - norudo

Chekutanga panguva kutaurwa Newfoundland chinouya mupfungwa chitsuwa nezvose kunaka kwaro, uye imbwa hunhu hwakanaka kwazvo ane musha ichaongororwa kuva yaisazoraramika nyika. Kupi vachibva pano, haina kuzivikanwa. Maererano neimwe shanduro, rudzi waiva mugumisiro crossbreeding dzembwa pamwe maIndia Norman imbwa. Maererano neimwe - mhuka akauya vokuEurope, uye paiva nedombo, vamiririri izvo dzimwe nguva dzakataurwa siyana dziri kure ezvinhu chacho. Maererano omunharaunda ngano, vatema shaggy imbwa - mugumisiro kudanana pakati imbwa uye otter. Ndokusaka mukuru Newfoundland kushambira, svetuka, vane mvura-dzinga shinda, uye akakurumbira "muswe otter."

Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi imbwa, vanoti kuti pakutanga aiva matombo maviri pachitsuwa. Chokutanga - simba imbwa dema, regai kwakasiyana Newfoundland ano. Vakanga vakashonga nhumbi dzokurwa duku mbiri-mavhiri ngoro, vakashumira ari mhando motokari. Mumwe erudzi, St. vaJohani - the kunozivikanwa "imbwa mvura", uyo akananga kwemaawa, asingazivi kuneta, vakabatsira varedzi dhonzai mambure uye bere vavhimi yakuvara chaakapamba. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti imbwa idzi madzitateguru vanhasi dzakakurumbira retrievers.

Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi chipo kwehumunhu kuchitsuwa Newfoundland chinokosha kupfuura mangoda South Africa kana Klondike goridhe. Zvinoita kuenzanisa dombo soulless kana simbi pamwe wakafara uye atiitirewo. shamwari yangu, uyo ane makore akawanda nokutendeka anoshanda murume?