Temple vose vamwari Roma: zita, photo, tsananguro

Nezvake nhetembo Classics mabhuku nyika, kwaari vachitsvaka vashanyi, uyo akauya Italy, mufananidzo wake zvatakaparadzaniswa kumba mifananidzo uye postcards. Zvinowanikwa muRoma, temberi dzose vamwari (kana, sezvazvakanyorwa kunzi kuvaka, asi Pantheon) panguva yaro erection chakatsaurirwa kuna huru vamwari vainamatwa muUmambo hweRoma. Chivako makuru imwe yakakurumbira Zvivako rekare nguva, achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Makore akapfuura, nyika yachinja, uye pashure pokuwa Empire, tsvene vechihedheni yakanga yakatsaurwa sechechi St. Mary uye Martyrs dzechiKristu.

History. The Pantheon rokutanga - Pantheon kuti Agripa

Temple vose vamwari Rome First yakavakwa pakati 27 uye 25 BC. Pasinei nokuti kuvaka yakanga vakatakura pamusoro nharaunda hweRoma, zita mutemberi vamwari vose muRoma rinobva echiGiriki okuti "pani" - "nzwisisika" uye "Theon", iro rinoshandurudza se "mwari". Akanga akazvipira kuchitendero vanamwari Romans:

• Jupiter - mwari mukuru kutinhira, izvo unoenderana Zeus mungano yechiGiriki.
• Neptune - mwari mumakungwa uye kwenyika, rechiGiriki ishamwari - Poseidon.
• Mars - mwari hondo, yakafanana echiGiriki Ares.
• Venus - mwarikadzi rudo uye runako, Aphrodite muGreece.
• Pluto - mwari nyikadzimu, rechiGiriki ishamwari - Hadhesi.
• Mercury - Mutumwa vamwari, ivo vaichengetedza vatengesi uye vafambi (Hemesi muGirisi yekare).
• Saturn - titanium nguva, wechiGiriki Version - Kronos (Chronos).

Rokuvaka akatora pamusoro shamwari yepedyo uye vamwene chamambo, Mumiriri Marcus Agripa, sezvinoratidzwa nemashoko taisa netsamba yendarira pamusoro pachivako. Yokutanga Pantheon akashandura chiso kumaodzanyemba uye vane rectangular chimiro. The chikuru kushongedzwa weRoma Pantheon France vaiva mbiru uye caryatids - mifananidzo akapfeka vakadzi, unotsiva mbiru wokutanga akazviratidza muGirisi yekare. Pakatarisana Pantheon, uri divi yaiungana, vakamira imba Neptune. Kanenge, kuti ndiyo rondedzero kwetemberi vose vamwari Roma vakauya kwatiri.

Yokutanga Roman Pantheon rakaparadzwa moto rokutanga remakore AD, asi sedzimwe netemberi dzakawanda, yakavakwa paitonga Domitian, uye ayo zvisaririra zvino riri pane imwe kudzika anenge maviri mamita.

The kuvakwa temberi ano wavanamwari muRoma

Kunodzorerwa pasi Domitian Pantheon Marcus Agiripa pakupedzisira kuparadzwa panguva yaitonga Mambo Trajan kubva chokwadi kuti payakanga mheni, saka Emperor Hadrian, uyo aida "tsvene iyi vose vamwari vachimiririra yose uye yokudenga bhora", rakavakwazve zvachose .

Maererano kupenda pamusoro zvidhina umo zvakaoma temberi, kuvaka raro kuitwa yokutanga yezana remakore rechipiri AD. Mapurani akaita mumwe mukuru ezvivako nguva, Apollodorus veDhamasiko, uyo akatungamirira kuvakwa zvivako zvinokosha (kusanganisira Spa uye Arc de Triomphe), kwete chete pasi Hadrian, asi pamberi payo, pasi Trajan.

mapurani zvinhu

Kusiyana nowakautangira, Pantheon Apollodorus akanga nezvatinovavarira kuchamhembe, uye miganhu yacho awanda substantially. Uyezve, munyika itsva chirongwa mapurani nziyo rakawedzerwa kuti matanho masere pakagadzirwa nematanda. Yomukati nzvimbo yetemberi anokwanisa afadzewo rinosvika - muenzaniso wakakwana zvakasikwa - 43 metres dhayamita. The chaizvo mavakirwo Temple vose vamwari Romans unoratidza kumiririrwa sechivako wezvose. masvingo Temple vari gobvu zvakakwana, uye akafanana dzavo zvichisiyana chete nokukwirira - nechepasi ivo zvikuru gobvu, uye yokumusoro chikamu kwavo une raita zvinhu.

Chokwadi, yakakurumbira zvikuru maonero France - mune mapikicha zvakawanda Temple vose vamwari Rome, unogona kuona shongwe gumi yakakwirira iro hunogara ari mativi pediment. On the pediment pane imwe akanyorwa sezvo Pantheon kuna Agiripa. Pasi pediment pane makomba kuti hwokuchengetedza yendarira mufananidzo simba chiratidzo - gondo akavhura mapapiro, iyo Muruvoko mayo pomuouki korona. A yakawanda akajeka kuti France kuti zvifananidzo zvendarira basa Diogenes Atene yakazoshandiswa kubasa musi St. Petro Basilica, vanhu vakawanda panguva vaidavira kuti chiito ufuza.

Pantheon pashure kudonha Empire

Pashure pokuwa weRoma Pantheon vakapukunyuka kuparadzwa chete nemhaka yokuti muna 608 AD, akarega kupinda chechi naPapa Boniface IV, uyo gare gare gore vatsvene rokukudza St. Mary uye Martyrs. The ainzi nokuti kuti akavhunduka pano zvisaririra zviri catacombs Roman. Pashure pamusoro-mana namashanu makore Emperor Constans II weConstantinople akauya kubva vaimbova Temple vose vamwari zvemaoresa dzendarira gilded usina kukonekita, izvo vakatsiva kutungamirira chete pashure anenge maviri emakore akatevera kushanya woumambo Constantinople. Uyezve, pashure Pantheon akava chechi yechiKristu, zvinhu zvose yechihedheni kunamatwa vaRoma, mufananidzo vanamwari veRoma zvakaparadzwa. Temberi yakavakwa nearitari, kwakanga zvivezwa yavatsvene, Pamifananidzo ose zvebhaibheri mifananidzo.

Mumakore akatevera, njodzi iyi guru kuvaka, zvakare, akanga unenviable. Kwenguva refu akaramba matongo, akadai panguva Avignon kwebasa raPapa. Pane imwe nguva ari nechepakati hondo pakati weRoma vanokudzwa mhuri Colonna uye Orsini, kuita sezvo nhare.

Ndiani akavigwa mutemberi vose vamwari?

The Renaissance vakauya tsika yokuviga ari makuru machechi ane varume nguva yake. Not akaponesa nayo bato uye Pantheon, uko vakawana nzvimbo yavo yokupedzisira, Painters vazhinji Renaissance, pakati pavo mumwe mukuru vatenzi munguva yake - Rafael Santi, uyo ari pano Nomusikana wake Maria Bibbienoy, mapurani Baldassare Peruzzi, muimbi Arkandzhelo Korelli.

Pano nhema rokuItari madzimambo savoy. In yaimbova Temple vose vamwari vakaviga wokutanga amadzimambo takabatana Italy - Victor II Emannuil, Baba Country, sezvo IAA tombstone ake. Akarumbidza basa rake rakaoma vabatsirwe munyika yaro kutamburira kubatana kwayo. Mwanakomana uye mutsivi, kuti unifier kweItaly, King Umberto akapfurwa akafa muna 1900, uye akavigwa Pantheon, pedyo baba vake. makore makumi matatu nematanhatu akavigwa Pantheon aiva mudzimai Umberto uye Queen Margherita. A murindi panguva youmambo vakavigwa akapa chokuzvidira hwaro nevamiririri National Institute of Honor Guards.

Excursions kuna Pantheon

The Pantheon anogona kuuya zvose kubva sangano runobudirira Somuenzaniso, panguva kushanyira Roma, uye rambai dzavo, nemaziso avo pachavo akaona noukuru mapurani yekare. Wokupinda kutembere yakazaruka kubva pakati rechipfumbamwe am kusvika hafu apfuura nomwe manheru uye zvachose vakasununguka, asi akavhara kuruzhinji musi waJanuary 1, May 1 uye December 25 - musi paruzhinji zororo. Pantheon iri muna Piazza della rotunda (Piazza della rotunda). Zvisinei, pane vakawanda mashoko inofanira kufungwa kana kushanyira.

Things kuyeuka kana kushanyira Pantheon?

Kana munhu akasarudza kushanyira paaiva muRoma, kubva Pantheon - Temberi vose vamwari, anofanira kurangarira kuti unofanira kutevera vamwe mitemo.

• The Pantheon pakutanga inofanira kuva bumbiro zvokupfeka, nokuti chinhu temberi vanoshingaira. Clothing anofanira kuvharwa. Kwazvo nyaya zvinoita putira pacharo kunhivi rimwe hengechepfu padengu kubva pamukova.
• Kereke haigoni kutakura zvokudya nokumwa.
• Iva nechokwadi kuti kudzima serura. Asi panguva imwe chete ari mutemberi, unogona kutora mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa vhidhiyo.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Mumwe huru yaitaridza mutsauko zviri kwetsika chinhu pamberi pedu ndechokuti mutemberi vamwari vose muRoma yekare yaiva chete nzvimbo kwaaigona kuenda zvachose chero mugari weguta kunyengetera kuna vanamwari vavo. Yaiva utsanzi, nekuti kare kuti temberi yakanga kuwana chete nevapristi.

Chete kamwe pagore - panguva zhizha rinenge riine, June 21 - zuva achipfuura "Ziso Pantheon" (rakatenderera buri pakati rising tembere), inotaura zvaisanganisira vanhu vari muchechi. Mumazuva asara ari masikati chezuva siyana "mbiru" mutsa, uye nenguva yeko zvinozoita rinovheneka niches vane mifananidzo yevatsvene, mifananidzo vamwari kunge kare iiswe.

The woita Maumbirwe huru chikamu Pantheon, nokuti kuti kamwe nzvimbo ino ine dziva, Nheyo uye akava hwaro temberi, yakanga yakavakwa Agiripa.