Chii chinokurudzirwa mune zvematongerwe enyika uye kuti chinoshandiswa sei

Kubudirira mune zvematongerwe enyika kuwedzera kwekugona kwezvematongerwe enyika kuenderana nehutano hutsva hwemagariro evanhu, pakusikwa kwemasangano matsva anopa hutano hunobudirira pakati pehurumende nevanhu.

Pakupedzisira, matambudziko ematongerwe enyika akaendeswa mberi nevatungamiri vehuwandu hwemagariro evanhu, uye yainzi "hutungamiri hwehupfumi." Kana iri yenheyo dzemitemo, dzakagadzirirwa naFTennis, M. Weber naT. Parsons. Maererano neshoko iri, tsika dzemazuva ano uye dzemazuva ano dzakasiyana. Tsika uye tsika inobata basa guru muhutano hwekutanga, nokuti inoratidzirwa nehukama hwakasimba. Munharaunda yemazuva ano, nheyo huru yevanhu ndeyevanhu, kwete boka: anosarudza nzvimbo yake yebasa nekugara, uye nzvimbo yebasa iri kunze kwemhuri.

Kubudirira mune zvematongerwe enyika kwakabatana zvakananga nekuongorora kwematongerwe enyika kubva kune zvepasi rose. Iyi pfungwa yakaonekwa mukushandiswa kwesayenzi muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, muhafu yavo yechipiri, uye yakanga yakarongedzwa kuratidza simba rehupenyu hwezvematongerwe enyika uye kuchinja kwayo kukuru.

Pano pane zvimwe zvikonzero zvepfungwa iyi, iyo Pai (USA) yakasarudza. Vanonzwika sezvizvi:

1. Kugadziriswa kwechimiro.
2. Kuwedzera muhutano hwemagetsi yekuunganidza uye kupona.
3. Kubudirira mune zvematongerwo enyika kunotarisira kusimbisa kodzero dzakakwana dzevanhu kupinda mumabasa enyika.

Nheyo dzemitemo iyi dzakasiyana nedzimwe nheyo dzekugadzirisa mune zvemagariro evanhu uye zvehupfumi. Kunyanya, mutemo wekusimudzirwa haugoni kushandiswa uye une zvaanoda. Izvo zvinoratidzawo kuti izvi zvinogona kunge zvisingaenzaniswi mumasangano akasiyana.

Ngationei kuti kubudirira mune zvematongerwo enyika hakusi nguva dzose kushandura zvakafanana. Dzimwe nguva tsika yekuenzana inotungamirira ku kuderera kwehutano hwehurongwa. Kakawanda kacho kuve nehutano hwakanaka hwehupfumi hwehupfumi hunotungamirira kukumiririra kwezvematongerwe enyika uye kutaura kwezvido zveboka racho.

Kubudirira mune zvematongerwe enyika uye zvemazuva ano zvirevo zviviri zvakabatana. Nokudaro, kuongorora kwemazuva ano kunonzwisiswa senheyo yemitemo pamusoro pezvimwe zvitsva zvematongerwo enyika zvinokura semukana wekugara uchichinja. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekubudirira kwehukama hwakawanda hwakafanana huri muhupenyu hwemazuva ano uye huri mamiriro ezvinhu akadai ekugadzirwa kwemazuva ano.

Maitiro ezvematongerwe enyika anozivikanwa nematanho akawanda ekushanduka-shanduka:

1. Iyo pfungwa yakabva mumakore makumi mashanu nemakumi mashanu ezana remakore rechi20. Zvinyorwa zvaro zvakanyanya panguva iyoyo zvaive zvinotevera: kudzvokora kwematongerwo enyika kwezvematongerwe enyika maererano neWestern model, basa rinobatana pamwe pakati pezvakagadzirwa uye zviri kusimukira nyika.
2. Chikamu chechipiri chemakumi matanhatu, icho chinoratidzwa nekutsanangura kwekukanganisa kukuru kwekutanga kutsvakurudza mundima yezvinoitika mune zvematongerwo enyika. Kuedza kugadzirisa zvikanganiso izvi zvakatungamirira kukurudzirwa kwehutano hwakasiyana-siyana hwechinhu ichi chekuita.
3. Kuguma kwemazana makumi manomwe nemakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri, iyo pfungwa yakashandurwa kuva muenzaniso mukuru wekusimudzira mararamiro, iyo nheyo yaive yakafukidzirwa mukutsanangura kuchinja kubva pane zvakasikwa zvevanhu kusvika kune zvemazuva ano. Panguva iyoyo, dzidziso yemazuva ano yakagadzirwa naAlmond, Verba naPai.

Kubudirira mune zvematongerwe enyika kunopesana nehupfumi hwematongerwo enyika mune izvozvi:

1. Chirevo chechipiri chinoshanda kune dzimwe nyika dziri mudanho rekushandura kune imwe nzvimbo yezvemabhizimisi uye yezvekugara.
2. Kuitwa kwemasimba kunobatanidza zvakananga nemafungiro ekusimudzira hutano nekubatanidzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kwete kuumbwa kwematongerwe enyika.