Chii chinonzi mbeu yembeu? Chimiro chembeu embryo

Mushure mokuverenga nyaya ino, muchawana kuti mbeu iyi inosanganiswa nei. Mukuwedzera, tinotsanangura zvikamu zvikuru zvekuvandudzwa kwayo.

Kuti tifungidzire zvatiri kutaura nezvazvo, regai titarise muenzaniso. Ipapo tinopfuurira kune zvakakosheswa zve embryo uye zvikamu zvekuvandudzwa kwayo.

Ndeipi mbeu yegorosi mbeu

Kana iwe ukachera mbeu yegorosi, iwe unogona kuona kuti akawanda acho ivhapiti tsvuku. Inonzi endosperm. Masero ayo akazara nemiti yakasiyana-siyana. Hazvisi nyore kuti uwane kuti mbeu yegorosi ine chii. Mushure mezvose, iye muduku zvikuru. Inogona kungoonekwa chete negirazi rokukudza. Kungofanana nemhembwe embryo, ine shanga, mudzi uye kidzo. Zvisinei, ane imwe chete cotyledon. Iyo iplate yakaonda iyo inofanirwa kupera mumugumo we endosperm.

Izvi ndizvo izvo mbeu yembeu inoumbwa. Zvechokwadi, marudzi akasiyana emiti yakasiyana. Asi pamuenzaniso wegorosi, iwe unogona kufungidzira chimiro chayo mune zvese.

Kuparadzaniswa kwema embryo nekumira

Matanho ekutanga ekugadzirwa kwemumikoni mu dicots uye monocots akafanana. Inotanga nekuparadzaniswa kwezai rinobereka (zygote) mu embryo sac ye ovule. Mune ndege dzakawanda dzinotumbuka, ndege yekutanga inotenderera (kana kuti inenge iri mhiri kwese) yaro yakakura. Panguva imwecheteyo, chirwere chembryo chinogadziriswa: yepamusoro (halazal) puro ndiyo inowedzera nzvimbo yekukura, uye iyo yakadzika (micropilar) inoumba rudzi rwemitsipa-kumiswa, kana kusimamirwa, kubatanidza embryo ye micropyle. Pashure pemakakatani akawanda, kuparadzanisa kwekupedzisira mukati moutachiona hwemhepo uye kusuruvara kunoitika.

Kutanga kwekuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvemasu

Ndeipi chirwere chembeu yakangobva kuumbwa? Kubva kuhuwandu hwemasero asina kufambidzana. Zvisinei, munguva pfupi inoshanduka muhutano hwayo hwemukati inotungamirira pakuvamba kwekugadzirwa kwemagadziro emichero. Ramangwana epidermis (protoderma) inoumbwa panguva periklinnyh kuwirirana kwemasero ekunze embryo zvakakodzera. Periclinal inonzi fission, iyo iyo masero plates pakati pemadzimai maviri masero akafanana nechepamusoro pechikamu ichocho chemiti apo kupera kunoitika.

Kuparadzaniswa kwe procalibium uye hukuru hukuru

Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana muhuwandu hwekudzidzira uye kuwanda kwemasero emumikryonic zvinotungamirira kune kusarudzwa kwe procambium uye nheyo huru. Iyo yekupedzisira, yakanyanyisa kuvhara uye isina kuderera, inokonzera mhando miviri yakapoteredza vashoma vasati vashongedzerwa uye denser procambium, iyo inopedzisira ichiita mishonga - xylem uye phloem.

Cotyledon formation

Protoderm, iyo huru meristem uye procambium (iyo inonzi inonzi meristems inokosha), pasina kukanganisa, kupfuura kubva kumakumbo kusvika kune zvakakosha zvemukati. Kuumbwa kwe cotyledons kunogona kutanga kana mukuita kana mushure mekunge meristem yekutanga yave yakarongerwa (danho rekugadzirwa mberi kusati kwamboonekwa kwekodledons kunowanzoti globular). Iko inonzi embrace ye dicotyledons zvishoma nezvishoma inotora maitiro maviri (iyi danho rinowanzoti chinonzi mwoyo). Mbeu yembeu ye monocotyledon inongova imwe cotyledon. Nokudaro, haina chimiro chakafanana nemoyo.

Kuparadzwa kwemasero ekumiswa

Zvadaro ma-cotyledons ne-axis embryo zvakasanganiswa (iyo inonzi inonzi torpedo gadziriro) uye nheyo dzekutanga dzinoshandiswa pamwe chete nadzo. Inotarisa, embryo inoramba yakarurama kana yakavezwa. Iyo imwe cotyledon monocotyledon inowanzokura zvakanyanya zvokuti inosvika kuva iyo yakakura embryonic structure. Sezvo embryo iri kuramba ichikura, masero ekumiswa anononoka kupera.

Cell division

Mune zvikamu zvekutanga zve embryogenesis, kupatsana kwemasero kunowanikwa muhuwandu hwechidiki sporophyte. Zvisinei, panguva yekuumbwa kwembryo, kuonekwa kwemasero matsva zvishoma nezvishoma kunongogumira kumapikisa ezvinyorwa zvekuputira uye midzi. Mu dicotyledons wekutanga wavo akaiswa pakati pezvinyorwa zviviri, uye mumakumbo emakona ane rumwe rutivi rwecotyledon uye zvakakomberedza zvachose nemudzimai - yakafanana nechepamusoro payo. Mafungiro ezvinyorwa zvinokosha zvikuru, sezvo ivo pakupedzisira ndiwo magetsi emasero ose matsva anopa kukura kubva kubva muhutachiona hwemukoko uye munhu mukuru.

Davi re oviduct

Penguva yose yekuumbwa kwemakemikriti emitambo nguva dzose inoyerera kubva kumiti yemubereki kusvika kumatukisi e ovule. Somugumisiro, chimwe chezvinhu zvazvo zvinowedzera mu endosperm, perisperm kana mumakumbo e mbeu inokura. Pakupedzisira, maovules akaparadzaniswa kubva kumadziro, anoisunga kumadziro ovary, uye anove akavharwa (zvine chokuita nekudya). Mbeu inomesa, ichipa mvura kune zvakatipoteredza, uye mbeu inowedzera, sekunge inopoteredza embryo ne "chekudzivirira", uye pamwe nayo inopa michina.

Saka, iwe wakadzidza kuti chirwere chembeu chinoumbwa. Sezvaunogona kuona, sezvazvinokura, kushanduka kwayo kunoitika. Nokudaro, chimiro chembeu yemukomana inopesana pamatanho akasiyana ekuvapo kwayo.