Chii herbarium uye sei kuti?

Kubva pakuzvarwa, takakomberedzwa miti. kokutanga, tiri kushamisika uye vakafara nazvo. Zvadaro zvose zvinova ziendamberi. Pasinei neizvi, vanoramba kutishamisa.

Chii chinonzi herbarium

Herbarium - dzakaunganidzwa zvinoshamisa zvinomera uye miriwo. Shoko iri rinobva muchiLatin shoko Herba - chirimwa kana uswa. Herbarium kunonziwo sangano, iyo ine miriwo izvi chete uye zvirimwa.

Zvirimwa izvi aunganidzwa zvakananga, ipapo zasushivat.

Plants kazhinji inounganidzwa muzhizha uye autumn, apo vakawanda zvakasiyana siyana zvinomera.

shoma vatsvakurudzi

Vana vaduku vane kuenda kukireshi vanotsanangura kuti herbarium. Vanamuzvinadzidzo zvakananga basa navo mupaki, voruzhinji bindu, apo unogona kuunganidza mashizha emiti yakasiyana nemiti yakanaka.

Hazvishamisi kuti vana vanoda kuunganidza herbarium nemaoko. Mushure kuziva mamiriro kuchengeterwa mumoyo mwana upi wacho pfungwa. Ivo unganidza kwete chete mashizha, asi chakanaka mavara maruva.

Achiziva kuti herbarium, vana kudzidza izvo anosima vakavapoteredza, sei vanotarisa uye kunhuwidza. Vachataura kuziva chii saizi, ruvara uye kunhuwidza.

Kudzidza miti zvakanakisisa kutange kuunganidzwa zvakawanda kana zvishoma anozivikanwa kuti mwana, plantain, chamomil, voikukka, Rowan mashizha anamasumbu apila, womuouki mashizha, Maple uye zvichingodaro.

Vachengeti vanofanira kutsanangura zvishoma zvakasikwa kuti kuroorwa chirimwa, zviri chinodiwa kwete kuubata: zvichida isingawanzowanikwi rudzi, uye kana kubvarura, unogona kuita kukuvadza zvikuru.

Uyezve, vadzidzisi kuvasuma sei kuti herbarium uye zvakanaka kuomeswa, zvinomera kwenguva refu kufadza ziso, usaora ruvara dzavo uye regai chiwondomoke.

Unganidzai herbarium uye vadzidzi. mudzidzi Chero anogona kuwanikwa mubhuku shizha gomo madota kana Maple, kana pemioki, uye zvichingodaro. In yechando zuva, ivo kuvayeuchidza pamusoro noushamwari muzhizha uye yendarama kwematsutso, zvichipa noushamwari uye kufadza ziso.

History chokusika

Maererano nhoroondo data, kuunganidzwa zvinomera okutanga dzakatangwa panguva Renaissance kumwedzi. MuRussia, nguva ino kunonoka zvishoma - regumi namasere remakore.

Panguva ino munyika-vanenge mazana mashanu pakukura herbaria masangano. Vakaunganidza uye kuti dziome vanopfuura zviuru mazana matatu mhando miti uye zvinomera.

Kupfuura vakawanda vari herbarium kuBritain botanical mubindu. It riri muguta weKew. Kune machira zvinopfuura mamiriyoni matanhatu, pakati izvo chirimwa akaomeswa. The huru Russian Botanical Institute, riri muguta St. Petersburg, ndizvo machira kupfuura mamiriyoni mashanu.

Muna Imperial Botanical Garden (Saint-Petersburg guta) pane herbaria pasi pose, asi vakawanda vari miti Russian. Kazhinji, kuti herbarium rine vanenge zana zviuru mhando zvinomera, Russian - mhando zviuru makumi maviri inounganidzwa kubva zvose pamusoro Russia. Gore negore pokuunganidzira kunowedzerwa mutsva mhuka.

The huru musayendisiti Swedish Karl Linney kubva pauduku hwake kwazvo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Akaita zvakawanda muunganidzwa zvinomera, riri pari panguva Museum of London. Shamwari Linnaeus akatengesa muunganidzwa wake England, apo pakanga pasina mambo Sweden. Mambo akaedza kudzokera chinokosha herbarium, asi wakakonewa; zvikepe yeBritain nechikepe.

Collection Bunge (Russian herbarium) akanga vakatengesawo muFrance.

Kubvira kare, vanhu kusiyanisa pakati pemaitiro zvivako zvinomera, asi kuunganidza mari dzavo hapana akaita. Yokutanga yaiva gerbarievedom Luca Ghini - Pisa uye Bologna nyanzvi miti.

Panguva iyoyo, akatanga kuunganidza herbarium Kaspar Rattsenberg. muunganidzwa zvake zvakachengetwa panguva Royal Museum iri Kassel uye anonzi mukuru. Mariri pane 746 marudzi zvinomera.

chikuru unhu

chirimwa herbarium anofanira nhaka zvinotevera unhu:

1. Chirimwa anofanira kuomeswa nezuva yakarurama ndege pakati machira, pasi mumwe kumanikidzwa. Tinogona kubvumira izvozvo pakaoma pachena mhepo, zvimwe kumicheto uye mutsinga nemashizha uye rekushongedzesa pripodnimut, zvichiumba anorovera nokuunganidza rimwe bundu, iyo ichaita kuti nokukurumidza zvachose hwomuti.
2. Pasi chirimwa unofanira hazvo kuva zita rayo - yesayenzi uye akakurumbira. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chirimwa yapwa mumwe kana mumwe jira.
3. Zviri fanira kuti kutaridzwa nguva muunganidzwa kana maruva ari chirimwa. Zvakakosha kuziva chaizvoizvo apo pokuunganidzira chakaitwa.
4. Nzvimbo uye chigaro pachikamu kunokoshawo. Kureva, unofanira kutaridzwa zita nzvimbo, asi rinoratidzawo kana iri wemarudzi, dondo, mumwe doro kana pamatombo, inowanzorimwa kana pachena, uye zvichingodaro.
5. Ona kuwanda nezvinomera vanoda kuti vazive kana kashoma kana kukura kwese, kukura oga kana seboka.
6. Akatsunga nokuda ivhu umo chirimwa zvakunowedzera vakaongorora: loam, ivhu, dema ivhu, ivhu dzvuku, jecha kana zvimwe.

Data zvose izvi zvinodiwa kuti vazive kworudzii chirimwa, sezvazvakanga yaoma uye zvakachengetwa mune ramangwana.

nokuomesa

Kupwa miti, nemiriwo, mashizha, maruva vanoda pane imwe tembiricha, pakati machira achishandisa compression. Sezvo nhau anogona kushandisa wemagazini mabhuku kana pamahwendefa. On imwe Pepa unogona kuisa mbesa shoma. Panguva iyoyo vanofanirwa wakaiswa pamusoro Pepa shinda kana bepa rinoparadza.

Yakafanira nokuomesa chirimwa dzinovabvumira kuchengetwa kwenguva refu. Asi vanofanira kuchengetedzwa kubva kukuvara siyana tumbuyu: notupukanana, kungozvifunga, nezvimwewo, uyewo nemakonzo. Paanowana tupukanana izvi zvinofanira kuraswa. Iva nechokwadi kurapa miti kabhoni disulfide mbiri, sublimate mhinduro kana munhuwo mothballs.

Unganidza herbarium chinodiwa kuti aiyanika okunze, zvimwe mashizha uye maruva ichava zvakaoma yakaoma uye chitoro. Unofanira kuunganidza mashoko hafu yaoma miti rawa, uye regai kutora kubva pamuti.

On nokuomesa muti kunowanzoitwa mazuva 10-14. To iyi yakanga mhanyisa, unogona kushandura machira, apo dzakaomeswa uswa, kuti aiyanika kakawanda.

Achibatsirwa simbi uye bepa ndechokuti zvinogona kuomesa herbarium. Asi iva nechokwadi kuti kufungawo ironing tembiricha: zvinofanira kuva shoma. Zvinosuruvarisa nzira iyi nokuomesa kungachinja noruvara acho.

Vamwe Fans vanoshandisa herbarium uye microwave. Asi nzira iyi kungaita kuti gogonera mashizha.

Nokuti nokuomesa inogona kushandiswa uye kwakajairika glycerin: mugaba nemvura inopisa uye glycerine ndokunyika zvinomera. Ikoko vanofanira kupedza mazuva mashoma. Zvadaro kubviswa uye akaisa kuti dziome. With nzira iyi vari yaoma nokukurumidza, asi anova mashava.

nokuomesa zvakakodzera kunoita kuti chirimwa kuti sandara uye kwete wira pasi.

Interesting Crafts kubva miti akaomeswa uye maruva

Kuti wakanaka uye kujairika urongwa neruva, unogona kushandisa kwete chete mashizha mureza uye maruva, asiwo makuru namabukira, madzinde, petals akasiyana-siyana, nembeu uye nucleoli, pistils uye zvichingodaro. Kushandisa chete chimiro uye ruvara mashizha, maruva anosika hunoshamisa zvakafanana, ichibata sezvamunoita.

Kuti asimbise maruva uye mashizha rinoshandiswa PVA guruu yakavhenganiswa nemvura.

Uchishandisa nziyo yaoma anogona kusika kujairika decoration ukomba, nemamwe muenzaniso. Of pavo anogona kuita Bookmarks mabhuku, Photo Albums.

Somuenzaniso, kuti emadziro, unofanira kugadzirira hwaro: kanivhasi, jira uye zvakawanda. Inoitwa Dried maruva mufananidzo kuti anoudza zvokungofungidzira. Vari glued kune hwaro. Optionally, unogona pendi here chero ruvara kana kusiya dzinongoitika. Panopera rokusika muitiro, pemapuranga iri rakapinzwa pamatanda.

Kuti bogmærke pamusoro makadhibhokisi rinoparadza vari glued kuisa maruva, nzeve uye zvichingodaro. Top of nziyo kunogona achanamatira mumwe mufananidzo usiri, kumicheto vari yakatarwa.

Nokuda ose maruva nziyo vakawana nemamwe zvinhu zvichaita shongedza chero nzvimbo pamusha kana mufurati.

Of waoma maruva, miti, mashizha anogona kuita zvinhu yepakutanga kuti hapana mumwe ane. Vanogona aiturikwa porusvingo, akaisa pasherefu, asi unogona kupa mhuri uye shamwari. Pasina mubvunzo, vakawanda vanoda kugamuchira chipo kadhi nemaoko ako. Chipo ichi acharangarirwa kwoupenyu hwose uye achaongwa.

Album uri kuti herbarium

Album kumba kunogona kuita kubuda nenzira dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, zvinokosha kutora album iri machira ake akaisa collectible zvinhu. Guruu micheka mapepa, unogona kana kusona shinda. Vamwe zvinogona kuiswa pamwe chete mudzi, uye pedyo bhegi akaisa mbeu uye nucleoli zvirimwa. Nechepasi rakanyorwa zita uye nguva muunganidzwa. Wana zvinoshamisa herbarium. Photo miti inogona kuiswa parutivi. Over murwiyo akaisa matehwe mapepa. machira ose aunganidzwa mune forodha kana vasonanidza panguva kumicheto.

Games nevana vachishandisa herbarium

zvinokosha chaizvo kuti mwana aite chinhu nemaoko avo. Uye mukuita saizvozvo, kunofanira kubatsira vabereki. Somuenzaniso, kuunganidza zvirimwa uye miriwo kunogona kuva kwakasimba chido uye kuzvikudza nokuda mwana.

With muunganidzwa zvinomera, wagadzira mitambo yakasiyana vana vaduku. Mwana anopiwa basa kuti tione mhando mashizha, maruva, mbeu uye apo inokura. Zvinogona kuva miriwo kwete chete, asiwo the currant mashizha, wemagaka, madomasi, Cherry, makarotsi, bhitiruti uye zvichingodaro. Ndicho chinhu kuti runopoteredza mwana mumunda uye mubindu.

Kugova muunganidzwa kwemarudzi anogona kupiwa basa: chii zvinomera - muchero, iyo - muriwo, iyo - nokuti dzimba, iyo - Spicy, iyo - masora, uye izvo kazhinji kukura musango.

It rinogonawo vakakamurwa ruvara, kukura, kumeso.

Kana iwe kuenda kune imwe nyika unofanira kuuyisa mashizha, maruva uye mbeu zvekumwe zvirimwa. Vanorega mwana kudzidza chii miriwo kukura imwe nzvimbo.

Rakafanana nevana chekucheresa mashizha. Somuenzaniso, pendi rinoshandisirwa pamberi jira, mhiri rikazvisundira pamusoro bepa pepa. Zvinonzi nokutsikisa shizha micheto uye vose mutsinga. Mwana anodzidza, anotarisa semucheka, kudzidza kunyora iri kare kushandisa mapenzura uye pendi.

Inogona wakavhomorwa nenzira yakadaro kwete chete kune mumwe mashizha, asi kunyange mufananidzo yose. Achishandisa Mashizha mavara akasiyana, unogona kuwana storylines dzinonakidza. Unogonawo kuisa mashizha ari papepa, dauka pendi pamusoro. Zvadaro kubvisa mashizha. Tinowana silhouettes pamwe speckles.

Lotto - munhu anonakidza mhuka vana. Cards nokuti zvinogona kuitwa mashizha akaoma uye laminated.

Herbarium mu anogona

Vamwe needlewoman kuumba kujairika nezvishongo vachishandisa herbarium. Photos izvi kushamisa uye ruchiri kukangaidza. Somuenzaniso, maruva akanaka vari yakaumbwa muna silicone anoumba, izvo zvinogutswa nezvinhu epoxy nebwe. Zvose zvinofanira kuitwa nokungwarira kuitira kuramba mhepo. Pashure imwe nguva, kuti nebwe ichioma. The zvichiguma workpiece inogona kushandiswa kusika kujairika mhete, nezvindori, nezvomumutsipa uye zvichingodaro.

Vamwe vemifananidzo vanoshandisa herbarium kusika mazano avo. Kuwana siyana duku mhuka, shiri uye zvakawanda.

Unogonawo kushandisa maruva hwakaoma chimiro ichi dzakarukwa sezvo decoupage.

How kuti herbarium

Mubvunzo nyore, asi kunoda kunyatsodzidza muti nyika. Kuchikoro, vadzidzisi vakadzidzisa vana sei kuti herbarium. Kuti aite izvi, vadzidzi vanofanira kunzwisisa nei uchifanira ichi kana kuti chirimwa. Inogona kupatsanurwa panyaya yose yaizivikanwa uswa, maruva, nemiti yakabva kune dzimwe. Somuenzaniso:

• masora;
• nemaruva kukura pamubhedha;
• non-dzinodyiwa bheri mumakwenzi, makwenzi nevamwe vazhinji.

Kunze mukuru unhu, inogona dziya kupinda chikafu herbarium, injiniya, uye vamwe. Somuenzaniso, muna herbarium makwenzi ingasanganisira sana St. vaJohani, marjoram, mai-uye-naamainini, yarrow, celandine, uye vamwe.

chinangwa chikuru

Aingoziva yokuti kwakadaro herbarium, vazhinji kunzwisisa chinangwa chikuru chiito ichi - kuwana mashoko akarurama pamusoro zvirimwa zvose kuti maimbova uye anyangarika, uye avo kuti zviripo nhasi. Vanhu vanofanira kuziva kuti miti - shamwari dzedu, uye vanofanira kuchengetedzwa.

pamasikiro herbarium zvakakodzera, ake nyanzvi okuchengetera kuchaita vanhu nehanya nenyika.