Chii teregiramu? hwakadzama ongororo

Nyaya ino inotsanangura kuti teregiramu pamusoro kumumvuri yazvino teregirafu uye magetsi mamiriro ichi mhando yokukurukurirana.

The makarekare

kwaidiwa kuti nzira uye vakatsanya Data kuchinjwa kubatana Kubva pakutanga chaipo nzanga yevanhu. Pakutanga mubasa musango ichi kana mabhiza nhume, asi nzira iyi chokuendesa mashoko kwave anononoka chaizvo, uye maererano nemauto chiito mununuri Aisagona kuuraya. Kunze, kunyange paishandiswa basa, yakabuda yeMiddle Ages, asingagoni kusangana zvose zvinodiwa nevanhu kukurukurirana, uye munhoroondo yose vavambi vakatsvaka nzira kuti kutsanya uye hwakavimbika kure kutaurirana. Uye kupindura mubvunzo, chii teregiramu kutanga ndiko kutaura sei kutanga ruzivo urwu.

Zvichida, wokutanga kwakadaro kunogona kunzi utsi anonongedzera kubva moto, akafanana nzira inoshandiswa madzinza African. Uyewo, pane uchapupu kushandiswa kwayo muRoma yekare. Asi nzira iyi yave vasingavimbiki zvikuru, wakafanira chete nokuda monosyllabic anonongedzera uye zvikuru zvaitsamira ekunze kana nguva zuva, uye zvishoma nezvishoma chakatsiva Hélio - anonongedzera dzichichera nzira nezvionioni airatidza chiedza chezuva. Iyewo zvakasimba novimba ekunze, uye daro aihuitira munhu wenyika yose zvakananga maonero.

optics

Muna 1792, yokutanga Manyiminya teregirafu Network akasikwa France. Nzira kwaibva pakunamata chiedza anonongedzera kuburikidza mwenje uye marambi - semaphores. Zvisinei, munzvimbo dzakawanda kunyenga yezvokutengeserana kushandiswa haisi kuwanikwa, sezvo zvakanga anodhura uye zvaida vazhinji Manyiminya zvenguva zvechitima.

magetsi

Kuedza kusika yemagetsi teregirafu akatanga pakutanga XIX remakore, uye vanoverengeka masayendisiti vakabudirira. Zvisinei, wokutanga bvumidzwa zano uye vakauya anenge pakukwana, aiva American Samuel Morse muna 1840. Ivo yave yakataurwa Morse code, apo tsamba neimwe unoenderana chine Dots uye dashes. Magadzirirwo motokari yayo yakanga kubudirira kuti kumbochinja emakore akawanda. Nokukurumidza vanhu vari mumakondinendi ose Nyika kuchinjana neteregiramu. Saka chii teregiramu?

tsananguro

Teregiramu - shoko iri akatumira teregirafu midziyo uchishandisa wemagetsi yokukurukurirana kubudikidza waya. Ngationgororei izvi zvizere. Zvinonzi zvichienderana nguva kana midziyo kuchinjirwa nzira kungava siyanei, asi zvinorehwa ndaingova chete.

First teregirafu basa opareta kunyora rugwaro kana akapa vashanyi achida kutumira shoko akadai teregiramu chimiro, raakanga akazadza pachake, uye tsanangurai kuenda. Zvadaro, achishandisa Morse code, kunze kwemashoko mashoko kusvikira kwokupedzisira kana zvenguva yemapurisa apo muchina rwoga Prints pepa tepi zvinenge zvakazara Dots uye dashes. Pashure paizvozvo, nokupiwa mushandi kurishandura kupinda zvatinosiita tsamba teregiramu mutumwa akapa addressee. Saka zvino tinoziva chii teregiramu.

Current chinzvimbo

Kupfuura hafu remakore, kutanga yakafara kuparadzirwa uye kushandisa neteregirafu, ndivo chete nzira yokukurukurirana, izvo akapa anenge pakarepo chokuendesa mashoko. Papera chinguva, pamwe kukura runhare, kuti zvachinja, asi akangoshandisa zvikuru mhando tsamba sezvo teregiramu akadaro. "Mail kweRussia", nenzira, ndiyo imwe mashoma apo mukana nokutuma neteregiramu vachiri vakachengetedzwa.

Kutanga mukupera 90s remakore rapfuura, pamwe pave Mobile nvidia uye Indaneti, waya mabasa kushandiswa zvishoma uye zvishoma akakurumbira. Pasinei vakabvumira kubvira 1891 kutumira shoko anenge pakarepo chero kupi zvako munyika, zvinogona kuitwa uye yave kushandisa nguva pafoni kana kuti e-mail. Mukuwedzera, positimeni ichiri kudikanwa nguva chokuendesa neteregiramu vakatuma.

The Netherlands, India, Denmark - nyika parizvino vakasiya nzira iyi yokukurukurirana zvachose sezvo teregiramu. "Mail kweRussia", pamwe Germany, Sweden, Japan uye Belgium dzichiri kuda kupa kukwanisa kutumira mashoko ichi mhando. Zvisinei, mune dzakawanda munyika samambure teregirafu nematanda kwenguva refu namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, uye mashoko ari pachishandiswa ano digitaalinen ruzivo.

Impact pamusoro Society

Kufanana kushandiswa guru zvigadzirwa, neteregirafu aiva simba guru nzanga. With mucherechedzo transatlantic netambo zvakakwanisika kukurukurirana zvose vakawanda makondinendi zvenyika. Telegraph venhau vanoshandisa vaigona kuparadzira nyaya uye kutsanangura zviitiko kubva pakona rimwe nerimwe nyika, chinokosha vatengesi uye vanhuwo zvavo. Aiva mukuru basa uye munguva mufambiro hondo pavakanga vasati akazogadzira redhiyo, uye chete nzira yokukurukurirana aiva teregiramu. Russia ndiyo imwe nyika kuti nazvino anorambira kwavo kutumira uye hutachiwana.