Chitin - chii? Kushandiswa chitin

Kana uchifunga kuti mhashu vari kudya chete kuMiddle East uye dzimwe nyika muAfrica, imi muri vakarasika zvikuru. Ndiro kubva tumbuyu, chokwadi, kugara nesu zvinodya. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vane anobatsira chaizvo. Kwemakore, chitin rwuripowo Zvinoumba zvekudya, zvizoro, mishonga.

Kunyange kuvhiya shinda uye mabhandeji kwemakore akawanda kuwedzera fuma kana kushandiswa iri zvaAtemisi nomukaka zvavo. VokuJapan vakatanga kuita kutanga. Exotic fashoni navo vakanhonga vokuAmerica uye vokuEurope. Zvino vokuRussia vakabatana kuti fuma iyi.

Chitin: chii

Ndeipi fuma iri mubvunzo? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri. Vaya vasiri truant muchikoro zvipenyu zvidzidzo Chokwadi, vanoziva nyaya yacho, sezvo chitin. Chii, anozivikanwa nevakawanda. Izvi zvinhu umbwa crayfish. Zvisinei, kwete chete mhuka idzi vanayo. Chitin chikamu exoskeleton pakati arthropods: rezvipembenene (kungozvifunga, zvipembenene) uye dzemugungwa (Lobster, kuti shrimp, gakanje).

fuma iyi, mukuwedzera, inowanikwawo muchitokisi rusvingo notumwe uye yeasts. Uye algae - havasi kunyimwa zvinomera dzavo. Chitin zvakare kwavo muchitokisi pamadziro.

Chitin mamiriro, sechivako nefuma

Information pamusoro zvivako uye maumbirwo cellulose (mumiriri unonyanyokosha polysaccharide chiri chikuru STRUCTURAL chezvinonhuwira miti) nhasi dzaitaurwa mabhuku ane pindika muchimiro. Zvisinei, mashoko pamusoro chii sechivako chitin, iduku zvikuru. Kunyange zvakadaro, chaizvoizvo hwaro skeletal ino, iyo inotsigira sero mamiriro Anoumba jira iri cuticle rezvipembenene Crustacean anoshongwa, sero rusvingo utachiona uye hunokuvadza. Chii chitinous hurongwa mu zvipembenene crustaceans yokusafa zvakaoma, nokuda paumbwe wakananga chitin-carbonate kunzwisisa. Agozviratidza somugumisiro deposition kuti zvinhu pamusoro karusiyamu carbonate inotifadza, izvo anoita se rudzi inorganic chizvaro.

Pane zvimwe zvakafanana pakati sechivako cellulose uye chitin. Zvisinei, kusiyana wokutanga, chitin substituent panguva 2nd kabhoni atomu ndicho zvokutanga chikwata acetamide boka. In cellulose, iroro basa iri reDare hydroxyl. Macromolecules chizvarwa chitin (i.e., dzinongoitika) Saka kazhinji ane nhamba vezvikwata vane rusununguko chepuraimari nemapoka amino.

Useful ehupfumi kuti chitin

fuma iyi yakawedzerwa kuitira kuwedzera munhuwi uye kunaka kwezvokudya, kuvandudza chitarisiko, kana rinoshandiswa sezvo zvisaora. Pane Mishonga zvokuwedzera pazviri zvirimowo. Zvinoumba chitin ndechokuti fuma iyi semushonga. Kubatsira zviri vakatenda kuti sezvinotevera:

• It kuchititadzisa kukura masero kenza;
• Inochengetedza muviri wedu pamigumisiro nemwaranzi;
• anovandudza rokuzvidzivirira;
• Rinovatadzisa pave shamhu uye yomwoyo, sezvo anowedzera zvinokonzerwa mishonga dzakaonda ropa;
• Zvinonzi kutambura siyana anogumbura pezvakaitwa;
• Kugaya anovandudza (kunoderedza gastric acidity, uye kunosimudzirawo ikure bifidobacteria kunobatsira);
• anoramba kamari azvipire remafuta akawandisa muropa redu, zvinobatsira pamwe kufutisa uye atherosclerosis;
• Inowedzera dzinotsanagura tishu kugadziriswa.

A unobatsira chaizvo fuma iri chitin. Chii uye chii vari semushonga ayo, kwaizova kuyeuka.

How wakajairika chitin zvakasikwa

Unowanikwa zvakasikwa kakawanda. Zvokuti ine wechipiri soro hwakapararira pamusoro makemikari nyaya (wokutanga ndowenyika pulp). A nhamba masayendisiti kunyange kudavira kuti vanhu munguva yemberi iri pedyo kuchaita kuti chete chitin zvokudya. Somuenzaniso, Sam Hudson, purofesa polymer kemisitiri, achangobva yakashuma kuti panguva ino, vaongorori vari vava kuda hwomukova "nyika itsva", apo uwandu mishonga inogona kuwanikwa kubva chitin, magumo.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Tiudzei pamusoro Ayakaita pachinhu rimwe fuma yakadai chitin. Chii izvozvo vakadzidza muzana remakore rechi19. Kare muna 1811, Purofesa Genri Brakonno, Director yaiva Nancy (France), kuti Botanical Garden akatanga kuongorora makemikari Zvinoumba howa. Pfungwa musayendisiti mwoyo kujairika fuma. Sulfuric asidhi akasagona kuiparadza. Iri raiva chitin. Mushure mechinguva zvakava pachena kuti biopolymer vakasarudzwa masayendisiti kubva France, aripo kwete chete notumwe. Iye akawanikwa ari elytra nezvipembenene.

Chitin, Zvivako izvo vachiri insufficiently kudzidza, akanga pamutemo zita muna 1823. Rinoshandurwa kubva pane rechiGiriki "chitin" rinoreva "zvipfeko". Masayendisiti vasunungurwa muna 1859 kubva mapuroteni uye calcium, vakabudawo payo pfuma itsva. Rainzi chitosan. fuma Izvi kunyange kunakidza kudarika nowakautangira. Zvaanopa simba cellular basa, kuchinja hormone secretion uye huta kuzvidzora, kukurudzira inoshanda utano pamuviri uye upenyu, sezvinoratidzwa zvichangobva kudzidzwa. Uye izvi zvinongova zvimwe zvayo anobatsira zvivako. Zvisinei, chitin, pashure vose kutanga zvakawanwa hapana aifarira makore zana, kunze ezvitanda unyanzvi.

Chete pakapera zana remakore rechi20 rakanga kuwana kubva rinobatsira sei kuti utano izvi zvinhu. Zvisinei, vanhu vachiri zvikuru kare vakatanga kudya arthropods uye, naizvozvovo, chitin kwemhuka.

About vakanga vakwegura sei vachidya tumbuyu

Kunyange mubhuku raRevhitiko muBhaibheri hunowanika anotaura "kuchena" uye nezvipembenene "zvakachena", ndizvo zvakakodzera uye kukodzera rinodyiwa nevanhu. By "zvakachena" Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira mhashu uye mhashu. Johane Mubhapatidzi murenje, vachidya mhashu neuchi hwedondo. Herodotus, wenhoroondo wechiGiriki, ataurwa kuti Africans abate zvipembenene izvi. Ipapo aoma muzuva mhashu, akadurura mukaka wake uye akadya. Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti mhashu nouchi haana vasade kunyange vaRoma vekare. Uye mudzimai Mohammed, muvambi chiIslam, akatuma rose zviumbwe nezvipembenene izvi sezvo mudzimai wake sechipo.

Mudare Montezuma, mutongi Indian, panguva kwemanheru mapato vakashumira akabika masvosve. Alfred Brehm, yakakurumbira aiongorora uye wemhuka, mubhuku rake rinonzi vanoda "Animal Life" akanyora nezvokuti vagari Sudan kubata mujuru wozvidyira nomufaro.

Modern zvinofadza arthropods

Deli rudo Zvipembenene akachengetedzwa munyika dzakawanda nhasi. KuMiddle East, uyewo mune dzimwe nyika dzomuAfrica muzvitoro uye zvitoro vachitengesa mhashu, uye zvinodhura maresitorendi Muterere nguva dzose kunosanganisira ndiro pauri. MuPhilippines inozivikanwa mikana yakawanda achibika crickets. MuMexico, mudye mhashu notupukanana, skunks. In Thailand, lacquer uye mazana ose zvipembenene, uye dragonflies, uye makonye uye crickets.

chitin kudya

Zvinofadza kuti mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 akauya aine zvokudya nezvipembenene. Vincent Holt, Chirungu zvakasikwa aiongorora, akatanga kushevedzera, kusiyana nyama-vachidya uye kudya miriwo kuti entomophags (inonzi zvokudya nezvipembenene). Holt, asingazivi kuti chitin uye chitosan ozdoravlivayusche chiito pamusoro muviri, akanyora kuti seinokonzera zvinovaka muviri tupukanana iri yakachena zvikuru uye vakagwinya pane dzimwe mhuka. Pashure pezvose, ivo pachavo kudya zvokudya chete miriwo.

Muviri ukoshi rezvipembenene

Ndinogona kuwana zvakakwana rezvipembenene? Zvinoita zviome, asi zvinoita, kunyanya kana iwe kuyeuka chii ane zvinoshamisa ehupfumi kuti chitin. Kushandiswa kudya kuti vabudirire, kana pane imwe ine yera sei zvikuru unofanira kubata mhashu, namazvizvi zvipembenene, nyuchi uye mujuru, kusvikira kuwanda kwavo uremu kwakanga 100 magiramu. Muviri ukoshi 100 magiramu rezvipembenene zvinotevera.

• Mhashu achakupai 20.6 mapuroteni uye 6,1 d mafuta.
• Ndove ngoko - 17.2 d mapuroteni uye 3.8 d mafuta.
• Mujuru - 14.2 g mapuroteni uye 2.2g mafuta.
• Nyuchi rine 13.4 g mapuroteni uye 1.4g mafuta.

Enzanisa imwe nyama - 23.5 d mapuroteni uye 21.2 magiramu mafuta.

Zvisinei entomophagy anoramba, zvisinei, zvekumwe. Munguva yedu, kuitira kuti vave nechokwadi kuti rinoporesa ehupfumi kuti chitin kana chitosan, haumanikidzwi kudya scarabs uye mapete, kukunda fastidiousness. Kuti aite izvi, kungova kuenda kuchitoro uye sarudza chinhu zvokudya.

Studies ichiitwa munyika yedu

Pfungwa yokuti zviri chitin yakatanga vakasikwa Soviet Union mumakore 1960. mushonga uyu anofanira kuedza kudzivirira ionizing nemwaranzi. Kuumba mushonga itsva Classified nemauto. The Zvinoumba svikiro iri rave chakavigwa kubvira vanachiremba. Pashure dzakatevedzana kwakaita tsoko, imbwa uye nembeva, yakanga kuratidzwa kuti mushonga kunovabatsira vapone kunyange pashure pokunge vakagamuchira kune ngozi dose nemwaranzi. Papera chinguva, vaongorori vakawana kuti zvakanakira chitin mishonga vane vanhu. ehupfumi avo uyewo hakungoitwi mumwe chete radioprotective kushanda.

Ndakaona kuti chitin uye nomukaka ayo anokwanisa kubata Kurwara, kenza, bowel chirwere, BP uye zvakafanana. D. Chitin usanganidzo uyezve kubatsira kuwedzera nguva chiito vamwe zvinodhaka.

tsvakurudzo ano

Uye nhasi inopfuurira kutsvakurudza kuti chitosan uye chitin. MuRussia, ivo vavimbisana masayendisiti vari nhengo Russian Chitin Society, yakatangwa 2000. Zvinosanganisira vanotsvakurudza kwete chete vaya kudzidza zvinhu izvi zvakananga, asi vamiririri nemamwe mapazi nemasayendisiti, uyewo zvokurima, mushonga uye indasitiri. Best hitinologam Western paakavapa mubayiro unokosha Brakonnovskaya. Yakasvika zita rayo vachikudza Bracon, aiva piyona ane chitin. In nyika yedu yakadaro mubayiro zita Paul Shorygina. academician Uku Zvokutopenga kuti chitin tsvakurudzo.