ChoRusvingo. Chii ichocho?

Shoko "yorusvingo" rine zvirevo zvakawanda uye rinoshandiswa muminda siyana. Mavakirwo uye kuvaka magadzirirwo ari bulging kuripo kwevanhu - iri vasangana rokuti "ichibhururuka buttresses yeDehenya." Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, shoko anotakura nayo nehasha zvinoreva zvakafanana.

ChoRusvingo mu akitekicha uye kuvaka

Back kuMiddle Ages, choRusvingo masvingo awana mukurumbira, akashanda se chinhu chinokosha pamusoro Romanesque manyorerwo pakati mapurani. zvivako izvi dzakavakwa dzakakomberedza chivako, muchimiro dzemitemo, kuomerera masvingo mberi divi uye akaiswa pane imwe kure mumwe, pamberi idzodzo apo abut Maberere Maberere pamadziro.

ChoRusvingo - munhu wehunyambiri design, iyo inotsigira pamberi kurutivi chivakwa uye akatora lateral akapinza simba. chikamu The pamuchinjikwa mudziyo yakadaro anova mukuru mwero rakada kuti mujinga matanho kana Triangle. Kana pane imwe duku mutoro, chikamu zvingava zvakafanana chitarisiko pedyo pilaster.

Buttresses ndiwo:

• nokukurumidza;
• mira;
• lightweight;
• mukona.

Romance muitiro pakuvaka zvivako nomuitiro kuzomisa zvivako vanoda kukwira, nekuti ezvivako iyoyo vakasarudza kuti zvakakodzera uye achava akavimbika kupfuura nokukurumidza magadzirirwo. Vertical yorusvingo akatora zvishoma omumaguta mumugwagwa nzvimbo. Zvaiva nyore chaizvo kuti kushandisa vanhu vasina nzvimbo yakakwana muzvivako. Lightweight yorusvingo - itsva iyi mhando design, izvozvo anodzoka zvimwe nemishonga, kumusoro ibwe yokuvira turret. Wokupedzisira Nguva chisina kutsetseka Gothic Paaiita erection pamusoro buttresses, izvo akaiswa pana necheparutivi pamusoro 45 ° kumasvingo.

Buttresses iri Gothic mapurani

System marangwanda mu Gothic mapurani kunosanganisira kuva zvakagadzirwa zviri chivako nzira akaita kuti zvibvire kuti redistribute mutoro chivako uye kakawanda kuti nyore kuti bindepinde uye masvingo. Kuburikidza ichi mapurani utsanzi kuMiddle Ages akatendeuka kanoverengeka kuti zvikuru miti uye zvakagadzirwa nharaunda. Huru zvinoriumba mu Gothic mapurani semupi yorusvingo. Izvi rusvingo transverse amabwe, izvo zvinobhururuka buttresses chakavakwa - rokunze poluarku, mbabvu - projecting rumbabvu. Vose dzakavakwa chinangwa chaicho, akaita basa magadzirirwo.

ChoRusvingo - simba post, kutwasuka kuvakwa zvivako, iyo chinoparira chikamu rusvingo kunetseka anofumura vaise hwakavigwa mumakamuri. KuMiddle Ages haina zvakananga kurusvingo mukamuri, uye akaita kure nokuda achabatanidza chivako Via yakasungwa Maberere achibhururuka buttresses. Izvi zvakanga zvakakwana kuti zvinobudirira Redirect mutoro nokutsigirwa mbiru parusvingo. Pachavo kuita magadzirirwe buttresses kutwasuka, Nokusarerekera uye akaramba akapindira.

Chinangwa chikuru

Nheyo kuvakwa zvinhu izvi vari gothic mapurani riri sezvinotevera: yakatarwa haapi ose rwawo mutoro uye kumanikidzwa groin hwakavigwa mumakamuri uye Maberere rinotungamirirwa mbabvu pamusoro pembiru (mbiru), buttresses uye achibhururuka buttresses vanofungidzira lateral vaise. Nemhaka iyi kubatsirana zvinoriumba vaigona kuvaka chivako yakawanda mahwindo, zvazova mukurumbira Stained regirazi unyanzvi uye chivezwa.

Pamusoro kuti Gothic mapurani akatanga zvinosanganisira rakasiyana, achifudza mudenga kuumba namaberere, izvo zvinozoita kunoita zvishoma divi chebasa, achipa mukana kuti Redirect zvikuru kwokudzvinyirira pamusoro mabheyaringi. Arch wakafanana nowenyika ari kuwedzera, vakava rwakavakwa, elongated. Uye ndiyo nyaya pachake chikuru pfungwa yacho Gothic - chido temberi kumusoro. Kazhinji, panzvimbo zvinobhururuka buttresses vakanga inobva yorusvingo, vakaisa shongwe.

Kuitwa mazano aya nhasi

ChoRusvingo rusvingo musoro kushandisa kuti kuderedzwa simuka zvivakwa, mune nyaya apo kwokunze zvinhu tilted (ari ezvinhu kuti nechemberi pane nzvimbo kugadzwa Data okunze, uye havaiti kutakura zvakaipa mapurani). Dambudziko Inonyanya pakuvaka zvivako zvakadaro - kuvaka pamusoro penheyo njere, nekuti mushure chando nyandu ivhu kubva buttresses pane mukana kutenga ngozi jana. Uyewo pane imwe pfungwa simba mano izvi zvine maatomu - tinofanira kusimbisa bhesimendi madziro.

Ndokupi anowanika zvinobhururuka buttresses

Kuripo uye mushonga sezvo rinoshandiswa rokuti, uye ine zvimwe zvainoreva. Somuenzaniso, buttresses dehenya vari kushanda masangano kuti kutora huru mutoro panguva kutsenga, uyewo kupfavisa zvakanga zvakohwewa kunokonzerwa kubva interdigitation. Mukuwedzera, vanoita zvishoma vachidzungudza uye chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine apo anozunungusa muviri wose (vachifamba, achisvetukasvetuka, kumhanya). Buttresses shaya vari thickened uye vane basa rinokosha iri nemamiriro dehenya.