Deposit inishuwarenzi: vechikamu wegadziriro, ari mazita nemabhengi kukura muRussia

December 27, 2003 muna Russian Federation akapinda simba iri Federal Mutemo "On inishuwarenzi nomunhu deposits muna Russian Federation" (the Act). Anenge makore gumi okushanda zvakaoma, hasha gakava, gakava ichiri zvinogoneka kuva itsva imwe nokuda Russian rwezvemabhengi gadziriro zvemari mashandiro - wegadziriro dhipoziti inishuwarenzi (Zvanzi). Hwaro kwakabva CERs aiva dambudziko iri upfumi nyika iri 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Kokutanga chimiro ichi basa yakabuda pakati rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura of USA muna 1933. Kuvapo hurumende hurongwa, achivimbisa rakavimbika deposits vari pamahombekombe dzeEU - a chinodiwa kuti kubudirira mari nemauto ari mamiriro.

Muchirwisa colour iri yose tsika zvemari zviri rwezvemabhengi wemuTesitamende Russian Federation akatarisa hwakavimbika zvakakwana tichitaura depositors. mamiriro ezvinhu aya yekudyidzana kwakaderedza mutsika vakasununguka guta iri rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura.

Iva kwegadziriro inishuwarenzi dhipoziti chakagadzirirwa kuva tisazununguka yose rwezvemabhengi hurongwa. Pashure zvakaitika 1998, apo chinokosha chikamu makambani akarasikirwa nemari dzavo, vanovimba nemabhangi kwave vasanyanya kuRussia. Izvi aisagona asi inokanganisa pamusoro inflow kuti guta kuwanika rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura.

Izvi chakaita kukudziridza pamutemo framework Dare iri rokumanikidzirwa inishuwarenzi kuti deposits. Nokuti Russian dzemari hurongwa ndicho chirongwa chinokosha chinozoiswa nokuda rwezvemabhengi vemunharaunda, pamwe chete mamiriro. Mugumisiro ichi kwemajoini basa - kuwedzera chivimbo vanhu 'vari rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura.

zvinangwa CERs

By pakutevedzera yakarurama fiscal mutemo, tinogona kuzadzisa zvinangwa wakasiyiwa hurongwa mubhangi inishuwarenzi fanira:

• kuwedzera chivimbo mabhanga, saka akurudzire zvinogona vanoita;
• kuchengetedza kodzero Russian Bank depositors;
• kukwezva mumari vagari vari rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura.

Zvinokosha kuti hapana zvinangwa haisi yokutanga. Nokuti rekukwazisa iya iri kubudirira pakati zvinangwa rwezvemabhengi zvekutepfenyura kutanga kurwisa dambudziko kuratidzwa kuti nguva dzose kunosanganisira ngozi kukura makambani. Base, izvo zvinoita kuti vabudirire zvose zvinangwa, ndiye rakadzikama kuvandudzika rwezvemabhengi zvemari hurongwa.

Misimboti CERs

Dzinokosha pamusoro izvo dhipoziti inishuwarenzi wemuTesitamende Russia, mutemo enshrined ari Article 3 kwoMutemo.

mabhanga Zvose Russian Federation vakodzera kuvhurika uye dzigadziridzwe nenhoroondo vanhu vanofanira kuva nhengo CERs. Banks pokuita dhipoziti inishuwarenzi hurongwa anofanira:

• Gara tinokangamwira inishuwarenzi premiums kusvika dhipoziti inishuwarenzi Fund kungotaurwa tinofanira kugara mari zvekupfakira. Kuwedzera mipiro nemabhengi kushandisa marangirwo kuti mukupera kuzadziswa mabasa ayo. The mazakwatira fines vangakupawo pakati replenishment of Fund.
• Kuzivisa vatengi vavo kuti ndiitewo Cer, uwandu vachibhadhara inishuwarenzi kuburikidza mashoko ari mumatumba munzvimbo.
• Kutungamirira kwokuwirirana mazita zvikwereti nokubatira kubhengi.
• Pedzisa dzimwe mitoro zvaitaurwa muMutemo.

Nengozi depositors kuva maximally vanofanira kuderedzwa muzviitiko apo pemahombekombe havagoni kuzadzisa ayo mitoro kuti vatengi.

Mabasa CERs vanofanira kuva segirazi. Izvi zvinoreva kuwana mukana vanoita ruzivo pamusoro kushanda Zvanzi.

Zvishoma zviga kushanda CERs

Kunze kubva pamusoro pfungwa, tinogona kuwana kubva muMutemo mamwe mazano:

• Vatori vechikamu munyika anokwanisa kuva chaizvo kugadzikana mari pamahombekombe Russian Federation;
• mumainishuwarenzi kuomeserana;
• anofanira kuchengeta kunonyanyisa kumhanya ari kubhadhara inishuwarenzi.

Pfungwa wokubvumira mari mabhanga simba kuchaita kuti nhengo CERs vanogona chete kuva masangano iwayo zvemari izvo kugutsa yakakwirira zvinodiwa pamusoro mamiriro ezvemari. Saka, nguva dzose uye kwazvo uongororwe zviripo nemabhangi rinoitwa kuti chinangwa ichi pedyo Central Bank. Munguva bvunzo vakaongorora liquidity kuti tsika yacho yesangano, profitability, pamwero management, uye zvakawanda. Izvi hakubvisi "dambudziko" nemabhengi kuderedza mukana asiri mari.

The dhipoziti inishuwarenzi Hurongwa - a nomazviri kudzoka shoma muripo. Maererano Article 11 noMutemo, muzviitiko inishuwarenzi (non-zvaidiwa zvavaifanira pamahombekombe) iri investor vangatarisira kubhadhara iri mari 100% deposits zvose mubhangi yakagadzirwa kufungisisa dzakava kufarira.

Vanodzokera Mari deposits uye dzakava kufarira zviri kuitwa rubles. Deposits dzimwe mari vari mudzoke panguva Bank of Russia Gengi panguva yacho insured chiitiko. Kunopiwa kuti mutengi nhoroondo iri mabhanga akawanda, kuti muripo anofanira kutsunga yoga kuti sangano zvemari nerimwe. Kuwanikwa chikwereti chibvumirano kubhangi kuderedza uwandu muripo nokuda chikwereti uwandu.

Inishuwarenzi kubhadhara pamusoro deposits munyika dziri kuitwa mukati memazuva 30. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti refu kuzopiwawo nguva kunogona kukonzera nokutya uye kuderedza kutendeseka pakati CERs.

Vechikamu pamusoro dhipoziti inishuwarenzi hurongwa

Zvichienderana basa munataisireva zvavakagoverwa zvinotevera nhengo CERs:

• Insured - mabhanga ari dhipoziti inishuwarenzi hurongwa, akanyorwa hurongwa yokunyoresa. Kodzero yokuva nhengo CERs ane bhangi mumwe musi ezvinhu kuti rezinesi ake nekanzuru Central Bank of Russian Federation, kuti akwezve vakasununguka mari zvokuwedzera kuitira kuvhura mari deposits. Wana mashoko pamusoro kutora chikamu kwe pamahombekombe muna Russian Federation ari dhipoziti inishuwarenzi mamiriro pamusoro nzvimbo ACB mubhangi.
• Munhu anoyamurika - depositors, bhengi vatengi vari kodzero vanoti zvakanaka inishuwarenzi.
• Insurer - muviri iyo basa vachiongorora basa CERs, dzinova Deposit Insurance Agency (LETSATSI).
• Body, tipiwe vachiongorora kuti wazvipira ndiye Bank of Russia.

Uyezve, kushingaira mubasa hurongwa anogamuchira RF Government, zvikurukuru, ndiko kudzora kushanda CERs.

Deposit Insurance Agency

LETSATSI basa rinokosha mukuita kuti dhipoziti inishuwarenzi hurongwa. Part 2 of Chikamu 15 Mutemo inorondedzera mazita Agency simba:

• chizvidavirire uye mazita masangano rwezvemabhengi;
• kuunganidza inishuwarenzi, kwerunyararo kudzora uye kuchengeteka mari;
• depositors rokuzvidavirira zvikumbiro uye kuzadzika zvavaida dzinofunga;
• kukwidza Bank of Russia nokuda yokutyora mitemo rwezvemabhengi uye zvinodiwa kuti pokushandisa zviyero basa;
• bhizimisi iripo mari;
• kudzora mabhanga pachinhu zvinodiwa zvaitaurwa muMutemo;
• Pakusarudza munhu nomazviri pakuverenga uye kubhadhara fanira mipiro nokuda mabhanga.

Mipiro kuti havasi nhengo SHS

Article 5 Mutemo Inosimbisa kuti hurongwa inishuwarenzi dhipoziti rinofukidza chikamu chikuru wavo, kunze:

• Nhoroondo yakavhurwa matavi mabhanga Russian iri kwose;
• deposits mutakuri;
• mipiro pamusoro IP, magweta, notaries, izvo yakazaruka nechinangwa bhizimisi;
• deposits hwakatamisirwa bhengi kuvimba;
• mari iri zvemagetsi nhoroondo;
• unallocated simbi nyaya.

inishuwarenzi Deposit inopiwa noMutemo uye haatarisiri kuti kuguma chibvumirano chinokosha.

Muzviitiko inishuwarenzi

TCO inosanganisira zvakawanda zviitiko, kusanganisira kuripwa muripo kuna depositors:

• revocation of rwezvemabhengi rezinesi, achipa kodzero kuitisa mabasa zvemari;
• Musumo of Bank of Russia ine zvimwe zvinhu kwema zvemari.

All zvisarudzo maringe usanganidzo vabve mazita kubhengi CERs kunoitwa Agency.

kodzero depositors

The depositors ezvokutengeserana mabhanga vane kodzero pasi Act:

• kugamuchira inishuwarenzi nekuripira deposits;
• LETSATSI nezvengozi kacho vasiri zvaidiwa pamahombekombe wayo vaite rusarura deposits;
• kugamuchira mashoko azere pamusoro bhengi vatore chikamu muna Zvanzi.

The dhipoziti inishuwarenzi hurongwa anoita Implementation vachibhadhara inishuwarenzi zvichienderana Article 12 kwoMutemo. Information pamusoro kuturika iri mubhengi racho inobudiswa mu "Bulletin of Bank of Russia" pamusoro LETSATSI Website. Kubva musi insured chiitiko, uye pamberi kuguma kusauka nzira, mukweretesi anekodzero ikwidzwe zvaanotaura, tichizviisa pasi achashanda rakanyorwa kuti kana zvokungoitawo kutarisira kana liquidator. Akabva aita muripo 3 days, asi kwete kwokutanga pane 14 days kubva musi insured chiitiko. Panguva chikumbiro yacho depositor muripo huwandu iri wakabudiswa mari kana hwakatamisirwa chaiyo rokubhengi.

Positive uye akaipa CERs

The dambudziko kuunza kuchengeteka mari deposits mune mabhanga - imwe huru yakanaka kukura nokuda upfumi munyika. Hapana chakavanzika kushaya chivimbo muna rwezvemabhengi mugadziriro anokurudzira vanhu varege kushandisa kutya kurasikirwa nokusingaperi. Kubvisa ichi chisingafadzi chinhu uye mutemo yeUnited chakagadzirirwa vimbiso depositors.

The dhipoziti inishuwarenzi gadziriro - ichi chinokosha danho kune kuwedzera kuvimba mabhanga. An chinokosha Cer ndiko kuziva kubhengi dhipoziti depositor pfuma, kwete bhengi.

Waidzora hurongwa kuita, nokudzora kuurayiwa zvinotaurwa uye zvinangwa Agency kuti Deposit Insurance, izvo zvinozoita rinoshandisa Mutemo vasingambooni chakaipa nazvo. Uyezve, kuti kusimbisa Agency vanofanira kodzero vakazvimirira aite kwema zvemari.

inishuwarenzi Deposit - kunokosha mashandiro newefungwa zvemari hurongwa. Uyezve, pemahombekombe pachavo vanofarira dzavo mubasa Cer. Sezvo anobudirira mudzimu kubhangi hazvibviri pasina nyevero kusauka, uyewo kupa naye rutsigiro munguva dzenhamo tichiregeredza paruzhinji mari.

Nhasi, zvinosuwisa, haagoni kunzi rubatso inishuwarenzi wemuTesitamende Russian Federation akakwana. Zvinoda mamwe kuvandudzika. Nyanzvi dzinoti vanofanira kutora nemirau okuwedzera kuti raizodzora:

• Zvisarudzo nezvandakatonga, vachibvumira nomumwe mabhanga kuramba deposits, pasinei mutongo pamusoro supervisory simba kumbomira mabasa kubhengi.
• Pakuwedzera ndandanda "insured" zvinhu zvinosanganisira nomumwe Entrepreneurs, duku pamutemo mabhizimisi, esimbi deposits uye zvichingodaro.
• A zvishoma nezvishoma kuwedzera kufadza zvichibvira dzosera. In mashoko ikure upfumi, vapenyu tsika vagari Chokwadi, kuwedzera uye deposits. mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti kunotoreva, uye kukura kwakaita hurumende chivimbiso chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa pamahombekombe deposits, izvo hazvo zvichaita kunotoreva ruvimbo depositors.
• Zvinofanira Pakusarudza kuongororwa mipiro nhengo kubhengi. Today akashandisa "mwero sandara" kuona pachiyero mipiro. Panguva iyoyo yose mabhanga kubhadhara chete chikamu chete deposits. Zvisinei, akapa yakasiyana ngozi kwevari mabhanga, ino haisi zvakanaka.
• Pakugonesa basa LETSATSI kudzivisa insolvency pakati nemabhengi dzinovapa anodiwa rutsigiro kuti kubva ezvinhu akaoma zvemari.

Saka dhipoziti inishuwarenzi hurongwa kunoda misoro nzira nechinangwa kuita zvakakodzera kuchinja uye kuvandudzika. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuti basa iri rakanga raitwa anorenda vose vechikamu ose dhipoziti inishuwarenzi hurongwa.