Facsimile - kubva nokugadzirwa kusvikira nhasi

Facsimile (nemamwe mazwi - telephoto) - iri kure kupararira chifananidzo achiri (chinyorwa, mifananidzo, mifananidzo) pamwe unozotevera playback yacho vakagamuchira chinhu. Maererano nenhau dzakaitika zvakaguma kukura telegraphy, asi anokwanisa kwokupa zvakawanda mhando mashoko uye zvakawanda nemishonga kukanganiswa.

Faxing inoshandiswa akatamisa Photo neteregiramu, pamwe decentralized anodhinda periodicals (kuchinjwa zvinhu zviri pepanhau mapeji uye mifananidzo), yakakura mabhizimisi kuti kupanana kugadzirwa mashoko, kugamuchira mashoko kubva satellites uye mamiriro okunze dzemapurisa (Exchange gidrometeokartami), uyewo mune dzimwe nguva zhinji.

Kuchinjwa kwacho rinoitwa uchishandisa facsimile muchina (Fax). The uchishandisa nhungamiro fax riri sezvinotevera: wokutepfenyurisa chairema anobara'wo tumisoro of zvitange mufananidzo (chinyorwa, mifananidzo) kupinda dzakawanda duku kumativi (anonzi nzvimbo zvokutanga ..), Izvo vakasiyana mumwe mune imwe chiratidzo, kazhinji Manyiminya arambe achirema). Zvino zvinhu zvose successively kutendeuka kubva yakajeka mifananidzo kupinda nemagetsi pulses chokubuda. Information pamusoro kuchinjwa zvinhu inochengeterwa vakasarudzwa zvinodiwa.

Ipapo Fax sezvo nhevedzano zviratidzo zvemagetsi kuburikidza kudyidzana mutsetse, iyo anoita sebhanditiwo runhare mutsetse. Panguva mugamuchiri, ari Ivan Kuchin kushandurwa kunoitika apo kuramba kutevedzana kwezviitiko okunze, zvokuti tiri kuwana kopi achida mufananidzo kwatiri.

Fax musimboti rakavambwa muna 1855 maererano Italian yefizikisi J. Caselli. midziyo akaagadzira kutamira mufananidzo raireva vatungamirire foil chaiwo varnish pamwe yakaderera chaizvo zvemagetsi conductivity (anenge razero). Saka, chifananidzo anoumbwa zvinhu rakatumbuka mukuru (foil) uye pasi conductivity. The kuonana mbambo, zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope ari mufananidzo rave fambisa iyezvino pulses uye iyezvino-vakasununguka anonongedzera. Vakagamuchira mufananidzo electrochemical nzira akanyorwa pamusoro foil.

prototypes izvi yazvino Fax yakashandiswa wokushandura mashoko pamusoro neteregirafu mitsetse Paris - Marseille uye Moscow - St. Petersburg, asi zvishoma nezvishoma akasvika pasina nemhaka yokusakwana ayo uye kunzwisisa nokupfuuridzirwa kwacho.

Muna 1868, B. Meier yagadzirwa nzira yokugamuchira zvifananidzo uye kunyora pamusoro pachena bepa rine kutenderera zononoka, akafukidza pendi. Spiral, vakabatirira bepa iri nguva kurudyi, akasiya wandei shamhu, izvo pane mufananidzo. nzira iyi, wakapedzeredzwa uye kushandiswa nhasi.

Negore ramakumi maviri remakore facsimile akasvika qualitatively itsva nokuvonga sandara kuti kwaita navanopinda samambure pakukurukurirana mitsetse, nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa Vacuum sepombi, yawanikwa photoelectric maturo. Munguva 30s wokutanga kopi michina akazviratidza munyika yedu. Mune ramangwana, kushandiswa Photographic zvinhu uye nzira rakashandiswa pose.

Modern facsimile kutaurirana rinoitwa pachishandiswa wokutepfenyurisa, mugamuchiri kutaurirana nemitsetse. Panguva wokutepfenyurisa, pfungwa chiedza gwapa musara anomhanya kunhivi pepasi yepakutanga, unogovera vachiita migove zvokutanga (Mapedhi) dzakasiyana chiedza reflectivity. Zvinoratidzwa kwavari, chiedza nekubudisa pamusoro shanduka kuchinyanya weveta photoelectric convert uye vagotendeuka kuva vhidhiyo chiratidzo, ipapo modulates kuti vibrations (amplitude kana kakawanda) kushandura vhidhiyo chiratidzo muruoko dzinokodzera hutachiwana pamusoro link chimiro. Communication mitsetse - kwakajairika that no wired kana Wireless runhare makwara. Kana kuparadzira yakawanda mashoko (pepanhau mapeji Somuenzaniso) kushandisa multichannel kukurukurirana pamwe Broadband makwara.

Panguva mugamuchiri, ari facsimile midziyo chinoitwa demodulation pamusoro akagamuchira chiratidzo (kusarudzwa) uye unoponesa neyokupedzisira ari kopi kuti yakanyorwa pamusoro svikiro (m. E. Its convolution) mune imwe kutevedzana sezvo chepakutanga. Nzira dzekufambisa achinyora vakagamuchira chiratidzo:

- Photographic (papepa kana firimu iri musimba chiedza-zvakasimba kukaseti). Muchiitiko chino, hazvibviri kudzora chatingatevedzera vakagamuchira shoko kusvikira nedanho photochemical kubudiswa mutakuri akadaro.

- Electrochemical (mufananidzo iri kupfeka pepa chaiyo iyo blackens kana kuitika iri vakayambuka nawo).

- Ink - iri pachena Paper akazorwa neingi nepeni kana chinotenderera.