GLONASS - a ... Global wekushandisa Satellite enyika. Chii GLONASS uye sei zvakasiyana kubva GPS

The GLONASS kwava chikuru wekushandisa hurongwa unokubvumira chamber nzvimbo zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana. The chirongwa, yakatanga kufamba muna 1982, ari kushingaira kuitwa dzakabudirira uye nani nanhasi. Uyezve, basa riri kuitwa zvose pamusoro hwokugadzira GLONASS Software uye kwezvivako kuti anobvumira kuti kushandisa hurongwa zvakawanda uye vanhu vakawanda. Saka, kana makore yokutanga zvakaoma kufamba nenzira Satellite rinoshandiswa kunyanya kugadzirisa mabasa echiuto, nhasi GLONASS - a muzvigadzirwa Positioning mudziyo razova inokosha muupenyu hwemamiriyoni vehurumende vanoshandisa.

Global kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai hurongwa

Tichifunga michina kunzwisisa muzvirongwa pose Satellite Positioning nhasi kutevedzera zvizere zita iri rinogona chete zviviri hurongwa - GLONASS uye GPS. Chokutanga wokuRussia, uye wechipiri - pamusana American Developers. Kubva waishandiswa nemaonero, GLONASS - kutaridza unyanzvi Hardware zvokushandisa, uye riri muchadenga uye pasi.

Kukurukurirana satellites vachishandisa chaiwo sensors uye vagamuchiri, uye iverengwe anonongedzera vari yakaumbwa nemhaka yavo nzvimbo Data. Kuverenga nguva parameters vaishandisa inokosha mabhomba nenguva yeko. Vanoshumira kuona nzvimbo chinhu inobva nhepfenyuro redhiyo mafungu uye kugadzira. Rutapudzo zvikanganiso anobvumira kupa yakavimbika kukarukureta pamusoro Positioning parameters.

Mashandiro anoita kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai

The chakarondedzera matambudziko pose kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai gadziriro kunosanganisira kuziva chairo nzvimbo pano zvinhu. Kuwedzera jogirafi, yose kufamba Satellite hurongwa kuti tikwanise kufunga nguva, achitevera nzira, nokukurumidza uye nezvimwe parameters. Dzika Zvinangwa izvi kuburikidza satellites panguva dzakasiyana pfungwa pamusoro pepasi.

Kushandiswa yose kufamba haina chete kushandiswa zvokufambisa indasitiri. Satellites inobatsira kutsvaka uye kununurwa kushandiswa, ari Implementation pamusoro geodetic uye kuvakwa nemabasa, uyewo asina kuita mubatirapamwe uye basa dzemapurisa uye dzimwe nzvimbo nemotokari. Military indasitiri chiri haana kusiya pasina rutsigiro hurongwa GPS. GLONASS aidzidzisa kuti zvinangwa zvakadaro inopa yakachengeteka chiratidzo akaronga zvakananga kuti midziyo mvumo Ushumiri Kudzivirira.

The GLONASS hurongwa

Full mashandiro wegadziriro rakatanga chete muna 2010, apo vachiedza kupinda zvakaoma iri rinoita basa ashandiswe kubva 1995. Munzira dzakawanda, matambudziko vakanga chokuita yakaderera mukurumari pakati satellites kushandiswa.

Panguva iyoyo, GLONASS - 24 satellites anoshanda munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana muchadenga. Kazhinji, vatatu hurongwa anogona kuvapo kufamba kwezvivako: chitundumusere-musere kudzora yakaoma (hunopa mapoka rokudzora muchadenga), uyewo hwokugadzira achishandisa wekushandisa vanoshandisa.

24 satellites, chimwe nechimwe chine dzose pakakwirira, akakamurwa muzvikamu akawanda. On mumwe hemisphere zvawanikwa 12 satellites. Kuburikidza kwomwedzi kutenderera pamusoro panyika anoumba grid, kuburikidza icho anonongedzera takatsunga chaiwo Coordinates. Mukuwedzera, GLONASS Satellite ane negadziriro yeparutivi zvinhu zvakawanda. Vanodawo mumwe yazvo muchadenga, uye kwete simbe. Pakati mabasa avo anosanganisira wokukudza mishumo imwe nharaunda uye yaitsiva exiting ari Satellite hurongwa.

GPS maitiro

American ishamwari GLONASS - mumwe GPS gadziriro, iyo yakatanga basa rayo muna 1980, asi kubvira 2000 chete, Positioning yakarurama kwakaita kuti yakafara kuparadzirwa kwayo pakati vatengi. To musi, GPS satellites kuitira rakarurama 2-3 m. Kunonoka kukura wekushandisa nzira kwenguva refu kwakakonzerwa kuitwa Positioning hazvizivi zvisikwa. Zvisinei kushaya kwavo kubvumirwa pamwe kunonyanyisa nemazvo kuti kuona Coordinates. Kunyange kana yaunonyanya kushandisa kunoitwa pamwe vakasiyana vagamuchiri kuguma runoenzanirana GLONASS.

Kusiyana pakati GLONASS uye GPS

It akasimbisa zvimwe kusiyana pakati wekushandisa enyika. Zvikurukuru, pane musiyano pakati hunhu urongwa uye inofamba pakati satellites zviri muchadenga. The yakaoma GLONASS vachifambira mu ndege matatu (satellites masere neimwe), uye GPS gadziriro hunopa basa iri ndege nhanhatu (anenge mana chete ndege). Nokudaro, Russian maitiro anopa vakwanise nhau nharaunda zvevhu, izvo zvinoratidzwa yepamusoro zvakarurama. Zvisinei, muna tsika, pfupi "upenyu" mudzimba satellites haibvumiri zvizere zvinogona yacho GLONASS hurongwa. GPS, akavapindurawo, inotsigira yakakwirira zvakarurama nokuda kunyanyisa nhamba satellites. Kunyange zvakadaro, mashoko Russian kunzwisisa nguva otaura satellites itsva sezvo achida kushandiswa uye sezvo negadziriro yeparutivi rutsigiro.

nzira dzakasiyana siyana chiratidzo yeEncoding anoshandawo - America kushandisa CDMA code, uye GLONASS - FDMA. Kana pakuverenga humboo vagamuchiri kuti Positioning yokuRussia Satellite hurongwa inopa muenzaniso zvikuru kunzwisisa. Somugumisiro, zvakakodzera kushandisa GLONASS mukuru simba rakawanda, izvo zvinoratidzwa kukura mudziyo.

Kuti kubvumira GLONASS nezvaanogona?

Pakati chinokosha hurongwa mabasa - kusarudza Coordonatele ari chinhu anokwanisa kuwadzana pakati GLONASS satellites. GPS ari mupfungwa uyu anoita mabasa akafanana. Kunyanya, akaverenga parameters zvevhu inofamba, gungwa uye mhepo zvivako. Mumasekonzi shomanana, motokari inopiwa kuMudzidzisi aidzidzisa anogona ngaaverenge hunhu vayo zvitange.

Kushandiswa yose kufamba rava fanira mamwe Mapato yokufambisa. Kana ari 2000s kupararira Satellite Positioning chokuita kudzora vamwe inokosha yesangano, vagamuchiri nhasi vakapakata wengarava uye mhepo zvikepe, mabhazi uye zvichingodaro. E. Zvinokwanisika uye musengwa pave GLONASS-navigators motokari dzose dzakavanzika mune ramangwana.

Chii mano kushanda GLONASS

The Hurongwa anokwanisa kupa chichiitwa pose mishumo zvose Mapato yevatengi, pasina chaakasiya pasinei okunze, iyo spatial nezvenyama ezvinhu. Uyewo mabasa GPS, GLONASS nemasaisai pasina muripo, pose.

Pakati namano kuti anokwanisa kugamuchira Satellite anonongedzera, kuonekwa chete-bhodhi nemasaisai michina uye GPS-vagamuchiri, asi dzeserura. Data pamusoro nzvimbo, nhungamiro uye kukurumidza kufamba vanotumirwa kune rinokosha Server kuti network kuti GSM-dzaishandisa. Kushandiswa kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai inoita purogiramu inokosha GLONASS uye mafomu siyana izvo zviri kuita kadhi kugadzira.

aibatanidza vagamuchiri

Miganhu Kuwedzera kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai kwakaguma kubatanidzwa nomumwe hurongwa maviri kubva Mutengi sezvazviri. In tsika, GLONASS GPS mano kazhinji vaisanganisa ndiEzekieri, izvo anovandudza rakarurama Positioning uye nguva. Zvazviri, izvi akaziva pachishandiswa sensors maviri revatema kuva chete Browser. Pahwaro pfungwa iyi uye dzikabereka chinhu Integrated mugamuchiri, achimhanya Panguva chete GLONASS maitiro, GPS ndokurondedzera michina.

Kuwedzera kuvandudza rakarurama kuziva nzvimbo yomugariro Coordonatele venyika symbiosis ichi inobvumira nzvimbo Tracking apo satellites mumwe hurongwa haina parumananzombe. Shoma Kuwanda orbital zvinhu, "maonero" riri kunodiwa kuti kushandisa aidzidzisa, ndiyo matatu dzakabatana. Saka kana Somuenzaniso, purogiramu GLONASS anova dzisingambosvikiki, ipapo kubatsira vezvirwere satellites.

Other kuongorora zvinhu nemasaisai hurongwa

Development zvirongwa zvakafanana kukura kuti GLONASS uye GPS, ari mubasa European Union, uyewo India uye China. The European Space Agency anoronga kushandisa Galileo hurongwa rine satellites 30 kuti achabvumira kuti vawane risingaenzaniswi rwakatwasuka. India vakaronga kuti vomurova IRNSS ezvinhu wakashanda kubudikidza satellites nomwe. Navigation maitiro rinonyatsotarira mumhuri kushandiswa. Compass maitiro kubva Chinese Developers kunofanira zvikamu zviviri. Yokutanga panofanira 5 satellites, uye wechipiri - 30. Saka, basa racho vanyori zvinoratidza maviri huwandu format.