Chii Positioning munyika yose?

Nhasi, zvichida hapana asina vanzwa GPS. Zvisinei, mumwe kunzwisisa chii izere, handizvo. Nyaya ino edza kunzwisisa chii chiri Global Positioning System, umo chinoitwa uye kuti inoshanda sei.

nyaya

Rwendo Hurongwa GPS chikamu kunzwisisa Navstar, akakudziridza uye wakashanda kubudikidza US Department of Defense. kunzwisisa chirongwa akatanga dzika muna 1973. Uye mangwanani 1978, pashure inobudirira bvunzo, tinoisa kushanda. Pakazosvika 1993, 24 satellites, zvachose kufukidza pemvura redu rave raparurwa akapoteredza Earth. hondo pamusoro Navstar samambure Civil pakuzivikanwa se GPS, rinoreva Global Positoning System ( «Global Positioning System").

Chawo ine satellites, izvo kufamba mu dzeraundi pamakwara matanhatu muchadenga. Noupamhi pavo nehafu metres, uye kureba - zvishoma kupfuura mashanu. Weight hazvisi kuna sezvakarayirwa mana namakumi masere makirogiramu. Vose zvinopa zvizere functionality chero achitandadza redu.

Monitoring rinoitwa pamwe tenzi kudzora yeredhiyo Colorado. Pane Schriever Air Force Base - mashanu yepasi pose kubatana.

On Earth, pane nhepfenyuro anopfuura gumi yakagadzirirwa chamber. Vari Ascension Island, Hawaii, Kwajalein, Diego Garcia, Colorado Springs, pana Cape Canaveral nokumwewo, nhamba iri kukura gore negore. All mashoko akawana kwavari chinogadzirwa panguva huru yemapurisa. Loading Data pamwe yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita dzose maawa makumi maviri nezvina.

Kwakadaro Global Positioning - Satellite hurongwa, iyo inoshanda pasi kudzorwa US dhi. It Anoshanda okunze ose uye ari kuramba achitumira mashoko.

musimboti oparesheni

Global GPS Positioning hurongwa dzinobva zvinotevera:

• trilateration kwomwedzi;
• lemetry Satellite;
• zvinonyatsochengeta nguva bhuku;
• nzvimbo;
• kururamiswa.

Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

Pasi trilateration kukarukureta zvinoreva daro Data ose satellites matatu, nemhaka iyo zvinobvira ngaaverenge nzvimbo imwe pfungwa.

Siyana zvinoreva kure kune satellites vaisvika redhiyo chiratidzo kupararira nguva kubva kwavari mugamuchiri pamwe kumhanya chiedza. Kuti tizive nguva vanowanika PRN remitemo naro mugamuchiri anokwanisa kiya chero nguva yokunonoka.

Zvinotevera nhamba inoratidza zvakananga kuvimba rakarurama wachi. Satellites kushanda chinhu mabhomba wachi, kururama chiri kumusoro kusvika imwe nanosecond. Zvisinei, nokuda kudhura, havasi kushandiswa kwose kwose.

The satellites chiri panzvimbo imwe kukwira makiromita anopfuura zviuru makumi maviri kubva Earth, sezviri zvakakodzera nokuda kutsiga orbital inofamba uye marwadzo mhepo nemishonga.

Kana Global Positioning System munyika anokanganisa kuti vari intractable. Izvi imhaka chiratidzo nomunyika troposphere uye ionosphere, apo nokukurumidza ipfupi, iyo inotungamirira Kukundikana kuyerwa.

Zvinoumba Mapping hurongwa

Kune zvigadzirwa zvakawanda Global Positioning System uye GIS zvikumbiro Mapping. Pamusana kwavari, Nzvimbo Data kunotangira uye yoku- nokukurumidza. The zvinoumba zvigadzirwa izvi GPS-vagamuchiri, software uye mashoko chekuchengeta.

Vagamuchiri vanokwanisa kuita Masvomhu aine kakawanda isingasviki wechipiri uye kururama wezviuru masendimita kusvikira mamita mashanu, kushanda ari differential muoti. Vakasiyana mumwe kukura, ndangariro vanokwanisa uye uwandu Tracking makwara.

Nepo munhu akamira panzvimbo imwe kana inofamba, mugamuchiri anogamuchira anonongedzera kubva satellites uye kuti kuverenga waro nzvimbo. Results anonyorwa sezvo anoona pamusoro kuratidzwa.

Controllers vari inotakurika makombiyuta kuti anoshanda aidzorwa software zvaidiwa date muunganidzwa. Software anodzora mugamuchiri chikwata. Zvifambiso vari akasiyana hukuru uye mhando date yakarekodwa.

Mumwe gadziriro vakapakata software. Mushure iwe Upload mashoko kubva nemotokari kusvikira kombiyuta, purogiramu anowedzera rakarurama Data uchishandisa chaiyo kubudiswa nzira, inonzi "kururamiswa differential". Software visualizes humboo. Vamwe vavo inogona rakapepetwa manually, mumwe - kudhinda uye zvichingodaro.

GPS Global Positioning - hurongwa anosimudzira kuunganidzwa mashoko nokuda mazano kupinda Databases uye Software kunze kwenyika kuti purogiramu GIS.

differential kururamiswa

Nzira iyi yekudyidzana anovandudza rakarurama Data yakaunganidzwa. Saka mumwe vagamuchiri kunotemwa kutoda Coordonatele uye mamwe mashoko anotorwa apo havambozivikanwi.

Differential kururamiswa chinozoiswa nenzira mbiri.

• First - a-chaiyo nguva differential kururamiswa, izvo akaverenga uye outputted kukanganisa chikuru chiteshi neimwe Satellite. Akanatswa Data panoonekwa munhu Mobile mugamuchiri izvo zvinoratidza kugadziriswa mashoko.
• Second - differential kururamiswa muna romukova - kunoitika apo huru yemapurisa rinotaura kutsiurwa zvakananga faira pakombiyuta yako. The faira yepakutanga chinogadzirwa ne yakanatswa, ipapo Zvachinja differentially kugadziriswa.

Trimble Mapping gadziriro inokwanisa kuposha nzira. Saka, kana-chaicho nguva muoti iri hwakakanganiswa, zvichiri zvinogoneka kurishandisa pambiru.

kunyoresa

GPS inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, kuti Global Positioning System pasi vari zvinowanzoshandiswa mumunda zviwanikwa, apo Vanodzidza, zvipenyu, foresters, geographers uye kuzvishandisa kurekodha zvokudya uye mamwe mashoko. Ndirwowo nzvimbo kwezvivako kukura uye madhorobha upfumi, kana kudzora motokari uye matunhu neminisiparati nehurongwa.

kushandiswa kwakapararira munyika Positioning System GPS-kugamuchirwa mune zvokurima, achirondedzera Somuenzaniso, kunyanya minda. Mumunda sciences evanhu, vanyori venhau dzakaitika uye vanochera matongo kuzvishandisa wekushandisa uye kunyoresa Historic Places.

Makuriro GPS Mapping gadziriro asingaiti kugumira ipapo. Vanogona kushandiswa neimwe mafomu kuti zvinoda chaiwo Coordonatele, nguva uye dzimwe ruzivo.

GPS-mugamuchiri

Izvi redhiyo mugamuchiri, kuti anosarudza mashoko Coordonatele ari nzvimbo yacho kanyanga inobva ruzivo pamusoro nguva rinononotsa Navstar redhiyo anonongedzera kubva satellites.

Kuyerwa vari akaumba ane kururama vatatu kusvika vashanu metres, uye kana pane chiratidzo kubva pasi chiteshi - kusvikira mumwe millimeter. GPS-navigators kuti zvokutengeserana musi wekare ivhu vane kururama makubhiti zana namakumi mashanu, asi vari vatsva - kusvika mamita matatu.

Pahwaro GPS-vagamuchiri kugadzirwa loggers, GPS-trackers uye GPS-navigators.

The midziyo angava aishandisa uye nyanzvi. Wechipiri siyana unhu modes, frequencies, kufamba hurongwa uye mutengo.

Custom vagamuchiri vanokwanisa kuudza chaiyo nzvimbo, nguva, kukwira, nhungamiro, wakasiyiwa anoishandisa, magetsi kumhanya enzira mashoko. Mashoko unoratidzwa pafoni kana kuti pakombiyuta dzakasvikwa mudziyo wanamatira.

GPS-navigators: mepu

Maps aidzidzisa kuwedzera unhu. Ndivo Vector uye Raster mhando.

date zvinhu zvinochengeterwa mune Vector shanduro, iyo nzvimbo uye mamwe mashoko. Vanogona dziteyiwe zvechadenga Nzvimbo uye mhando dzakawanda dzinongoitika zvinhu, zvakadai hotels, gasi dzemapurisa, maresitorendi, uye zvichingodaro. E., Sezvo havasi dzine mifananidzo atore zvishoma nzvimbo uye kushanda nokukurumidza.

Raster mhando - kupfuura nyore. Dzinomirira mufananidzo nzvimbo nokuda Geographic coordinates. Inogona kuitwa kubva Satellite pikicha mepu mhando kana mapepa - tarisa.

Pari zvino pane kufamba mugadziriro, inodzidzisa anogona kupedza kwavo zvinhu.

GPS-trackers

Akadaro redhiyo kugamuchira midziyo anogamuchira uye transmits mashoko nokuda zvichiongororwa uye club kufamba zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvinoita wanamatira. Anosanganisira mugamuchiri, kusarudza Coordonatele, uye wokutepfenyurisa unoendesa navo anoishandisa kure.

GPS-trackers ndiwo:

• pachake, vakashandisa mumwe nomumwe;
• mugwagwa, zvakabatanidzwa kune onboard autonet.

Ivo anoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo zvinhu siyana (vanhu, motokari, mhuka, zvinhu uye zvichingodaro).

Against namano izvi angashandiswa chiratidzo zvichivhiringidza zvinoreva achiumba chipingaidzo avo frequencies uko Tracker unoshanda.

GPS-Logger

maredhiyo izvi zvinogona kushanda mune modes maviri:

• Kwakajairika GPS-mugamuchiri;
• Logger, Pakunyora nzira mashoko ndangariro, rave akapfuura.

Vanogona kuva:

• inotakurika, akashongedzerwa duku kadikidiki rechargeable bhatiri;
• motokari, iri dzinofambiswa nevanhu onboard network.

Mazuva yemashoko Data loggers kurekodha zvinogoneka kuna zviuru mazana maviri pfungwa. Zvinonzi zvakare ndaizvipira kutara chero pfungwa munzira kwayo.

Mano anoshandiswa zvikuru muna tourism, mutambo, Tracking, Mapping, kuongorora uye zvichingodaro.

Global Positioning nhasi

Mashoko ari pamusoro apa tinogona kugumisa kuti vakadaro gadziriro vatova kushandiswa zvose pamusoro penzvimbo, uye kukura kwebasa chikumbiro ruchigona kuva kwakapararira.

Global Positioning chinofukidza nokure rinodyiwa. Kushandisa ichangoburwa kwesayenzi zvakagadzirwa anoita hurongwa rimwe zvikuru nevanhu ichi musika chidimbu.

Pamwe GPS muchiRussia GLONASS ari mune Europe - Galileo.

Panguva iyoyowo Positioning yose haisi pasina zvainovhiringidzawo. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe imba zvivako yanyatsosimba kongiri, mune mugero kana pakakwirira kuti tione nzvimbo hazvibviri. Inowanzotorwa kugamuchira kunogona kukanganisa rinobva madutu uye redhiyo manyuko, zviri pasi. wekushandisa mepu nokukurumidza kuva usingachashandi.

The guru drawback ndechokuti kwava zvachose novimba US Department of Defense, izvo zvinogona chero nguva, somuenzaniso, vakwanise kana chokukuvadza yevagari vachivavhiringidza ari mukuru. Saka zvinokosha kuti kuwedzera Global Positioning hurongwa GPS uye GLONASS, uye Galileo ari kuitwa dzakabudirira.