Lubricants uye maindasitiri zvinwiwa

Kuti aite zvigadziriswe uye mashandiro anoita kushanda michina inoshandiswa lubricants uye michina mvura. Vanopa akavimbika uye kunyatsoshanda kushanda-siyana zvokushandisa.

Marudzi lubricants

Ichishanda, kwebasa zvigadziriswe kunoitika kunyorera hukawanika uye kudzikira yavo kupisa kukweshera. Kuderedza chicherwa kwayo uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa lubricants anoshandiswa.

Lubricants uye maindasitiri zvinwiwa vakawanda sehwaro zvinhu zvine:

• Distillate - vacuum DISTILLATION mafuta fuel (chiedza chakapatsanurwa);
• residual - DISTILLATION kuti tara yapihwa.

Mumwe kana rumwe rudzi mafuta chicherwa rinogadzirirwa kuburikidza nokusanganisa ari distillate uye residual zvinoriumba mune dzimwe ratios uye achiwedzera kwachiri yokuvirisa.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa anonhuwirira zvinoberekwa kwetunhu zvimwe Mahydrocarbon pamwe Kuwedzera kwazviri improvers kushanda ezvinhu.

Mhando Lubricants

• motokari;
• kufamba;
• hydraulic;
• girisi.

Yokuvirisa kune lubricants

Zvinodiwa Kuti mafuta uchishanda pasi ezvinhu akasiyana, tichingotarisira kuitwa akasungirirwa. Basic framework haasi kukwanisa zvakazara kupa ehupfumi zvakafanira izvo chete inogona vakasikwa kuwedzera yokuvirisa mune miti uye michina zvinwiwa. uwandu hwavo anobva zvikamu ane muzana kusvika 15% uye pamusoro.

Marudzi yokuvirisa:

• basa Single - ichipa mumwe zvivako: Anti vapfeke, kumanikidzwa zvikuru, viscous, antioxidant, kukweshera achidzikisa, antifoam, depressor, sipo-dispersant, etc.
• Multifunctional - yakakwirira polymer yeimwe vabvunza mafuta operative unhu akawanda;
• chirungiso Mabhokisi uye nziyo - vakavhengana uye mishonga inoenderana yokuvirisa izvo vanatsiridze zvivako nokusika unhu hutsva (kusvika 15 zvinoriumba).

The zvivako kwemafuta uye zvinwiwa

Nokuti zvinhu zvakadai samafuta, kushanda fluid kana GOST nokurondedzerwa anopa boka dzakasiyana parameters kutsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu kushanda kwavo.

1. Lubricity - ibatanidzo Anti kukweshera, Anti kusakara uye kumanikidzwa zvikuru zvivako. The chikuru parameter ndiro viscosity, iyo inechirevo kuerera kuramba pakati nemvura akaturikidzana (simba viscosity, Pa ∙ s). Chimwe maitiro ndiwo kinematic viscosity, pakutsvaga nokumhanya emura water drainage negiravhiti kuburikidza rirambe richibvira viscometer. It unotaurwa mamita ² / s. Nokuti mafuta kunyanya kukosha kuvimba kuti viscosity pamusoro tembiricha. Zvinofungidzirwa neDare Viscosity Index.
2. Thermal Kugadzikana - ane chokukomborerwa antioxidant zvivako mafuta, dzinoratidzwa nguva Kushandurwa nhete mafuta firimu iri lacquer firimu. The yepamusoro zviri, hwepamusorosoro unhu chigadzirwa. The oxidation kwacho kunotanga apo neshungu kuti 50-60 ° ^C. Kuwanda yekudyidzana kunowedzera kubvira ^munenge 250 C. The mafuta rima uye kuchinja physico-namakemikari ehupfumi.
3. Sipo-dispersant ehupfumi mafuta injini kunoratidza kukwanisa kwayo kuderedza paumbwe sediments uye kabhoni deposits mukati muinjini uye kuramba kusvibiswa zvigadzirwa ari kumisa.
4. Anticorrosive ehupfumi kwemafuta zvichipera zvishoma dzakaderera ne kuunganidza kusakara nemarara. Corrosivity zvinofungidzirwa iine acid kukosha, kuwanda MG Koh waida kuti neutralize kuti asidhi muna 1 g ane mafuta. Acid kugutsikana panguva huchishanda kunowedzera 3-5 nguva uye ndivo kupfuura nengozi mashoko. Properties kwemafuta vawedzerwe nokusuma yokuvirisa anoumba mafirimu rwokudzivirira pamusoro hukawanika simbi kana asidhi neutralizing pasi alkaline simbi.

motokari mafuta

Reciprocating womukati combustion injini (chando), kunyanya vanoda lubrication. Kwavari akashandisa mafuta injini, Zvivako iyo vanosarudzwa zvakananga mumwe michina.

Kwenguva refu nguva yokuti womukati injini kushandisa vakachena mafuta chicherwa. Modern huvandudzike injini zvinoda kutanga yokuvirisa. Advantageously kushandiswa multigrade anonhuwirira, musangano zvinodiwa viscosity pamusoro navanopinda tembiricha siyana.

Nokuti vazhinji dzakabatana yakakodzera Semi-muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari - chicherwa mvura pamwe kuwedzera chakaita zvokugadzirwa Organic zvinoriumba. Kutenga izvozvo, unofanira kuteerera nderechokwadi uye kunaka chigadzirwa. Vazhinji vavo kugoverana kunenge ari mirayiridzo motokari. Pano zvakafanira kuziva kuti Vagadziri vanokurudzira mafuta muchiso, kubva yavakanga hazvindibatsiri. Avo vasina zvakare aiziva pagadzirwe inoratidza, unofanira kutevera zano ravo.

Kupatsanura pakati motokari kwemafuta

By Performance injini mafuta dzinoiswa muzvikwata nokuda injini:

• A - neforsirovannom carburetor (yokuvirisa shoma).
• B - maloforsirovannye (3-5% yokuvirisa).
• B - sredneforsirovannyh (kusvika 8% yokuvirisa).
• F - zvikuru nokukurumidza (8-12% kubva yokuvirisa).
• D - zvikuru nokukurumidza akatakura Diesel injini (18-25% yokuvirisa).

By mwero gwenya mafuta viscosity kirasi vari 7: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 20. zvibereko multigrade injini mafuta ose chicherwa nezvigadziko kuburikidza thickening yakaderera viscosity MPF yokuvirisa. Dzavo pane 10 makirasi, chimwe nechimwe anofananidzwa hacho, semuenzaniso, 4h / 8. The numerator of viscosity mugwaro raanotaura pa -18 ^{° C,} uye dhinomineta - pa ¹⁰⁰ ° C.

Kana kuzivikanwa muchiso mafuta injini, semuenzaniso M-6 _c / 10b _2, rinogona deciphered sezvinotevera: M - injini 6 _H - viscosity mugiredhi pamwe thickening chirungiso 10 - viscosity pa 100 ⁰ C, - sredneforsirovannyh injini 2 - nokuti Diesel injini .

injini mafuta yepamusoro Check chakaitwa muna chirwere pakati, izvo zvinoda mumwe mari. Pane nzira nyore kuongorora: pamwe vachiongorora kuisa kuderera mafuta pamusoro pechiso bepa. Kana nokukurumidza ichiyerera kure, ndokusiya pamusoro pemvura zvakakora yeChina wandei, zvinoreva unhu chigadzirwa.

High kurwisa anodonhedza unoratidza kurasikirwa anobatsira zvivako. kuzvidzora kwakadaro zvakakodzera dzinoongorora unhu yakachena mafuta.

hutachiwana mafuta

Sechivako nokupfuuridzirwa rinosanganisira Kupfuudzwa uye kuparadzira, zvokubatisa, gozvo giya uye nevamwe. Lubrication zvinodiwa-siyana rachulis. Gear anonhuwirira anobudiswa kubva chicherwa kana semisynthetic mujinga pamwe dzichipfekeka yokuvirisa kwakavakirwa kuiisa chlorine, phosphorus, sarufa, disulfide, ndinosika rwokudzivirira firimu, zvakapoteredza zvinhu kunaka zvinofurira. Viscosity vehurumende vanofanira kuramba firimu pa yakakwirira mutoro uye tembiricha. Kuchitonhora, mafuta viscosity haafaniri kupindira zvenhengo iyo anosarudzwa sezvamunoita, zvakakodzera viscosity indekisi.

Mabasa Gear mafuta:

• rutapudzo zvokurwadza pamusoro kukweshera uye kusakara;
• kupisa kubviswa kubva kuonana zvikamu;
• rutapudzo nehana mitoro;
• non-chepfu uye asiri tsvina.

Chinonyanya inokwanisika hwokugadzira zvinwiwa uye girisi kwakavakirwa mafuta chicherwa. Vane Unhu hwakanaka, ndinosika yakavimbika unodzivirira firimu.

Chakaita zvokugadzirwa anonhuwirira vari yekudyidzana yepamusoro quality, asi ivo ndivo zvigadzirwa zvikuru zvinodhura. ukoshi chakanaka mari ndiwo Semi-muzvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemakemikari.

Domestic hutachiwana mafuta vanoumba viscosity mugiredhi 4. Maererano waivako unhu zvavari rakakamurwa mapoka 5. Kupenda nziyo siyana anoratidza zvinokosha maitiro Somuenzaniso, TM-5-9 _pakati - yedzimudzangara mafuta Group 5, iyo viscosity wa9 kirasi thickening chirungiso. MUENZANISO wokumwe kupatsanura - SAE 80W-90, apo chiratidzo rinoratidza 80 - viscosity giredhi, W - mureza 90 - chaienzanirana shoma viscosity 14 mm ² / s 99 ⁰ C.

Zvinwiwa nokuti hydraulic gadziriro

In gidromehanizmov hurongwa uye actuators kuti actuating rinokosha hwokugadzira mvura anoshandiswa. Ava zvinodiwa:

• pumpability, uye duku tembiricha kutsamira pane viscosity;
• mukuru ngura nemishonga uye hapana pakazvimba kana kudzikisirana kuti hydraulic chezvisimbiso;
• mukuru lubricity;
• makemikari omuviri kugadzikana apo kuramba kwokutanga ehupfumi kwenguva refu panguva oparesheni;
• kusavapo nouipi, mvura uye kungatikanganisa zvinhu zvinokonzera ngura.

mafuta Hydraulic dzinosanganisira anenge 20 siyana. Vari zvinoberekwa ndokusanganisa peturu distillates uye yokuvirisa. The anowanzodanwa kushandiswa mafuta chokurukisa AU. Anozivikanwa mafuta MG-30, M-2IHP, AMG-10, MGE-10a.

Mvura nokuti dampers Akadamburanya nehurongwa

Akaputsa hwokugadzira zvinwiwa akagadzirirwa kushandiswa mune hydraulic gadziriro. Ava zvinodiwa:

• pasi oma pfungwa;
• mumwe viscosity diki;
• lubricity zvakanaka;
• ngura musimbwa;
• hapana tigume rabha seal.

Mhando akamedura zvinwiwa.

1. ESC - 60% Castor mafuta + 40% panyaya iyi.
2. SBR - 50% Castor mafuta + 50% butyl doro.
3. 35% glycerol + 65% doro.
4. "Neva" uye nhamba zviduku matanho-22M - a glycol-inobva yokuvirisa.
5. "Tom" - musanganiswa glycols vane esters ose boric acid.

Akaputsa Urume pamusoro hwokugadzira Castor hwaro ari tembiricha pazasi -20 ⁰ C. kuomesa, asi chete doro unorambira mhinduro. Panyaya iyi, vari kusarudzwa zvichienderana nharaunda. Yaitsiva zvinwiwa zvose yechando uye zhizha kashoma kuitwa. Most vaifarira-mwaka zvose anoshandisa mvura nziyo izvo kwakavakirwa glycol. The zvakanakisisa wavo "Tom", iro rine zvakanaka ngura uye Anti-kusakara ehupfumi.

Kurohwa nehana kushandisa Formulations AF-12T uye IHP-10, zvinosanganisira musanganiswa mafuta chicherwa pamwe yakaderera viscosity silicone Urume uye yokuvirisa.

Technical zvinwiwa

The mvura kutonhora gadziriro akagadzirirwa kuramba runodiwa tembiricha aizi muoti. Iri namahwindo, kutora kure kupisa kubva kushanda zvigadziriswe uye achipfuura nayo kuburikidza redhiyeta zvakatipoteredza.

Kare, simba zvirimwa dzaserera nemvura, asi rakanga yakasiyiwa nokuda zviduku Mangondo kuoma nechando uye Kubika. Uyezve, anoumba the scum, uye tsime nesimbi ngura.

Mune ramangwana, hwokugadzira zvinwiwa zvakachinja muna sezvamunoita, asi zvinokosha kuramba mvura.

Kudeuka Chikumbiro vakagamuchira antifreeze - musanganiswa mvura glycols uye anokosha yokuvirisa. Vane zvinotevera zvazvakanakira:

• pasi oma pfungwa;
• zvishomanana kuwedzera pamusoro oma;
• achibika pfungwa pamusoro 110 ^{° C;}
• zvakanaka lubricating ehupfumi.

Antifreeze kwakavakirwa ethylene glycol zvakachipa - zviri muchetura rwokugadzira mvura. Lower toxicity vane nziyo dzinobva propylene glycol, asi mari yavo yakakwirira zvikuru.

mhedziso

Mafuta uye michina zvinwiwa nezvevanakomana kumusika zvakawanda. Muchairi pasina zvakaitika chikumbiro chavo vanofanira omerera nziyo, zvavakabvumirana mirayiridzo imwe motokari muchiso. Cherechedzai inofanira kubhadharwa muchando nguva kushanda. Kana yokuchengeta motokari iri huru mugaraji rakanyatsojeka akakodzera zvose mwaka nemvura. Zvakakosha kuisa pfungwa unhu zviratidzo, kwete mutengo pamusoro. Uyezve, vanofanira kufunga zvimwe zvinhu, zvakadai injini upenyu.