Chii kumhanya chiedza

Paaiva hwezuva nezuva, uyo kashoma kuvimba zvakananga, chii kumhanya chiedza, kuti kufarira nyaya iyi kunooneka pacharo muuduku. Zvinoshamisa, asi zuva nezuva tine chiratidzo chenguva kumhanya Mashoko remagetsi nemafungu. Kumhanya chiedza - ichi chinhu chinokosha ukoshi, uhwo yose pane muchimiro sezvo tinozviziva.

Zvechokwadi, chimwe nechimwe vakarinda mwana kuti mheni nokupenya uye ipapo kunoteverwa kutinhira kuedza kunzwisisa chii akakonzera kunonoka pakati rokutanga uye rechipiri kuwanika. Simple mupfungwa nharo nokukurumidza kwakaita kuti vatiwo: kumhanya chiedza uye kuridza zvakasiyana. mbonano iyi yokutanga maviri anokosha chaiko zvakawanda. Zvadaro, mumwe anopiwa zvakafanira zivo uye anogona kutsanangura nyore zviri kuitika. Chii chinokonzera vatorwa maitiro kutinhira? Mhinduro iri chokwadi kuti kumhanya chiedza anenge 300 zviuru. Km / s, vanenge mamiriyoni imwe nguva kupfuura velocity kuti kupararira nokurira vibrations mudenga (330 m / s). Naizvozvo, munhu wokutanga anoona nokupenya chiedza kubva yemagetsi riemukaari mheni, uye chete kuburikidza nguva kunzwa nokuomba omutinhiro. Somuenzaniso, kana mumwe mucherechedzi kubva kwacho kusvika 1 km, ipapo chiedza richavakunda kure ichi muna 3 microseconds, asi kurira vachada zvakawanda 3 seconds. Kuziva kumhanya chiedza uye nguva kunonoka pakati nokupenya uye kutinhira, unogona ngaaverenge kure.

Kuedza usaruyera akaita kare. Zvino zvikuru shamisa kuverenga pamusoro kuedza Zvisinei, mumazuva iwayo, kusati kwatombova zvakarurama zviridzwa, zvakanga kupfuura chakakomba. Apo vachiedza kuwana chii kumhanya chiedza, inonakidza kuedza chaiitirwa. Kubva kune mumwe mugumo wenyika motokari kutsanya kutamira chitima aiva murume ane chaiwo chronometer, uye pakatarisana rake chikwata-mumwe wakasvinudza kurova-rova chomwenje. Maererano pfungwa, mashoko chronometer zvaiita kuona kumhanya Mashoko photons nechiedza. Uye nemhaka kuchinja nzvimbo rambi uye chronometer (pamwe kuramba achitungamirirwa kwebasa chitima), kukwanisa kuziva kana kumhanya chiedza chiri kugara, kana kuti inogona kuwedzera / kuderera (zvichienderana nenzira danda, mu pfungwa, kumhanya kwebasa chitima aigona sei mwero akayera ari kuedza ). Chokwadi, chiitiko wakavhiringika, sezvo kumhanya chiedza, uye kunyoresa hakusi akafanana chronometer.

Kokutanga rakarurama kupfuura chipimo yakaitwa muna 1676 nemhaka zvaanorumbidza ari kwemwedzi waZeusi. Olaf Roemer akataura kuti chaiko chitarisiko ıO uye inofungidzirwa zvakasiyana ne maminitsi 22. Kana mapuraneti unga, kunonoka kunoderedza. Kuziva kure, zvaigoneka kuverenga kumhanya chiedza. Mari inenge 215 thous. Km / s. Zvadaro, muna 1926, D. Bradley, kuongorora kuchinja pachena nzvimbo nyeredzi (aberration), akataura murayiro. Accommodation nyeredzi nguva yashanduka zvichienderana nenguva yegore. Somugumisiro, izvozvo kuchinjwa nzvimbo kwezuva hama kuti nyika. Unogona kuswedera imwe Ringanidzo - kuderera mvura. No mhepo vanobhururuka ikarurama, asi zvinokosha kuti kumhanya - uye pachena trajectory yekupindurwa. Kuziva kumhanya vachishandisa kutenderera nyika akapoteredza Sun, zvaigoneka kuverenga kumhanya chiedza. Mari 301 zviuru. Km / s.

Muna 1849, A. Fizeau aiva zvinotevera ruzivo; pakati chiedza kunobva uye girazi, kure 8 km, akanga kugadzira zvombo. rotational nokukurumidza Its rwuchiwanzwa kuti chero bedzi inotevera pakakoromoka airatidza chiedza nekubudisa hauzoti zvachose (kudzima-akasununguka). Masvomhu akapa 315 zviuru. Km / s. Makore matatu gare gare, L. Foucault akatsiva vhiri kutenderera girazi uye akapiwa 298 zviuru. Km / s.

Tevera kuedza akatowedzera chaiwo, tichifunga refraction dzedenga, uye zvichingodaro. Panguva ino, akakodzera Data vanoonekwa kuwanikwa nokushandisa necesium nenguva yeko uye Laser danda. Maererano navo, kumhanya chiedza muna Vacuum akaenzana 299 zviuru. Km / s.