Mental: The kukosha kweshoko rayo vomumatunhu

Pano muchawana ruzivo pamusoro chii mafungiro ari Mupfungwa yakazara. Meaning, akasiyana-siyana zvinoumba rokuti, uye zvakawanda - munyaya ino.

zvichireva

Zvino tichataura pamusoro chii chinorehwa nemashoko okuti "mafungiro". Zvazvinoreva chaizvo blurry. nzira iyi muchinzwisisa munyika wacho. Mafungiro - mufananidzo mafungiro, uye mufananidzo yaro pachake articulated nemaonero, mumwe kufara yacho kana boka pakunamata.

Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti pfungwa iyi ine zvakanaka yakafara rinoreva, zvinonyanya "kujeka", pachena muduku pamwero. Clear unhu zvichida ndiko kuti vachikwanisa munhu aite pfungwa mhando unoenderana tsanangudzo kubatwa.

How sainzi zvaitwa nemutoo maitiro evanhu zvakadai mupfungwa? Chinangwa fiolosfii zvinogona kududzirwa nechokuita pfungwa wacho nenzira dzose yaishandiswa zvinhu, ndiyo nzira muchinzwisisa nyika, kuyeuka zvatariswa akabvunza nechido, kufara zvokufungidzira, manzwiro akasiyana, uye zvichingodaro. D. Asi mukuwedzera kune izvi zvinhu, mafungiro kunokanganisa zvinhu zviri pfungwa, njere .

Mafungiro zvakare inokanganisa muupenyu uye chinzvimbo nyaya dzakawanda anogona kupfeka zvakasiyana tsananguro. Mental murume - anozivikanwa munhu, izvo zvinosanganisira zvose vanoziva uye afenda. Pfungwa iyi inogona kurondedzerwa sechimwe pfungwa, pfungwa, uye rinogona kurondedzerwa se chine hurongwa mupfungwa uye nezvinetso zvamagariro, nzira Kuongororwa uye maonero mashoko yakawanikwa munyika nedanho mafungiro kana kunzwa.

Kuongororwa pfungwa "nepfungwa"

Meaning of shoko yakafara mupfungwa kunofanira kuonekwa sechinhu kunzwisisa pfungwa chinobata zvinoumba upenyu munhu womudzimu mazhinji, izwi iri zvakaoma kutsanangura unhu. Izvi imhaka yokuti izwi asingadi chete zvinoshanda sayenzi nhoroondo uye anthropological, asiwo zvakabatana chaizvo kuti uzivi. Ko "pfungwa" - zvinokwanisika kuti nekukatanura imwe nguva kusimba refu. Zvakawanda zvinoenderana nokuti chii kunobva mashoko iwe kuwana, asi pasinei makadzokera, pane zvakafanana ose pfungwa inotsanangura izwi.

Nepfungwa mabasa chepfungwa yakatanga munyikadzimu, uye nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, ayo anozivikanwa inoti iri kutadza uye ukadzivisa centralization nhau kukura European tsika zvavo. Asi anotarira pamusoro kutsiga womukati "Ini" womunhu, zvinoita kuti chido wokubatanidza munhu kuti nhoroondo uye magariro munharaunda. Kubva ichi zvatinogona zvimwe tolkavat yokuti "pfungwa." Meaning of Mashoko anogona ikozvino kutorwa senzira kuti kuongorora uye nokududzira ruyamuro neruzivo.

kupikiswa mafungiro

Ko "pfungwa" iri Pakuurayiwa dzakasiyana yokushorwa nemaonero uye chii chavanoita ikoko? Kupindura mubvunzo uyu, tinofanira kutanga kunzwisisa kuti nzira kudzivirira dzavo zvido kwepfungwa hunhu, zvinoti tsika uye zviwanikwa kusiyana, rinovhiringidza pfungwa uye kupa tuzvikonzero, uye akapfeka pachangu boka nomumwe hunhu, kunyangarika kana totaura chepfungwa. The chaizvo mamiriro iri rinongoreva urwa ose nechomukati uye kwokunze kuzvipokanidza pakati nzira kunzwisisa nyika pachayo. Kana kukurukura pfungwa iyi, zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyi nyaya hazvina basa, kuburikidza vamwe pamusoro nekupikisa paakaziva umboo pamusoro nyika.

Kukurukurwa, pre-musoro Pfungwa uye seboka mhando

Ko pfungwa musoro uye pre-musoro? Izvi zvinoumba maviri rokuti vakanga vakasuma Levy-Bruhl mubasa rake "mafungiro Uropi". The musoro chaizvo uye pre-musoro - nayo vemarudzi ose nzira kusimbisa musiyano pakati mifananidzo emadzinza Africa uye Australia kufunga, kunobva mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa partitsipatsionnogo, kusanganisira mitemo inonzwisisika pagakava uye nzira pfungwa mafungiro Europe, pamwe netsika dzayo.

Chimwe chakakosha ndiyo pfungwa seboka Pfungwa zvavakatemerwa naJ Lefebvre. Kuwedzera ukoshi nemafungiro okuti chake chaibva pane kudikanwa wokutsanangura zviito imwe hunhu yaingowanikwa mapoka yose vanhu. Akagadzira tsananguro kwaibva kudzidza Chiitiko mokutya guru guru revanhu.

mupfungwa nzvimbo

Pakuongorora izwi, zvakakosha kuyeuka mumwe wayo chinoumba - mupfungwa nzvimbo. Chinhu chinogona kuti runovimbisa muitiro "humanization" iri nyaya iri mubishi yokuzvidzora zvisikwa. Akatanga pfungwa iyi mafungiro aiva M. B. Turovskim.

The chikuru chinokonzera pfungwa nzvimbo akagona kusika munhu vanhu pahwaro chinangwa hunhu webasa yakatangwa pasi ezvinhu yoruzivo siyana tsika dzakadai Marxist. Nokufamba emunhu sechikamu nyaya yaakasika pachake yakavakirwa nomumwe kugutsikana. Maererano Turovsky, nzvimbo pfungwa iri yakazara Integrated mirayiridzo nadindividualnogo hunhu kuti vanhu anosarudza mafungiro ake zvose runopoteredza nyaya.