Konstantin Sergeevich Novosolov: Biography, zvesayenzi uye kuwadzana nevamwe, mibayiro uye mibayiro. Nobel Prize muna Physics (2010)

The inozivikanwa Russian yefizikisi, vakagamuchira British citizenship uye knighted, nhengo Royal Society of London, Nobel Prize muna Physics. Ndiani iye? Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich!

Biography

musayendisiti yakakurumbira akaberekwa muguta Nizhny Tagil, Sverdlovsk nharaunda August 23, 1974 mumhuri injiniya uye mudzidzisi Chirungu pane nhamba 39 chikoro, muvambi uye mutungamiriri rakanga kamwe sekuru vake, Viktor Konstantinovich Novoselov.

Kuva mugiredhi rechitanhatu, Constantine anowana unyanzvi hunoshamisa uye pokutanga kutanga remunharaunda makwikwi wefizikisi, uye gare gare, pagungano All-Union makwikwi, akadzokorora kubudirira, vachipinda pamusoro gumi. Muna 1991 iye kudzidza mamwe matsamba wefizikisi uye hwokugadzira chikoro uye zvakafanana gore akava mudzidzi panguva Moscow Zvokunyama-Technical Institute. Ari vakadzidzira dzakagadzirirwa "Nanotechnology" panguva rorusununguko Zvokunyama uye Quantum Electronics, uye kudzidza pamwe chinokudza kubva Institute, pashure raakakwidzwa kushanda IMT Ras (Institute of Microelectronics Technology Ras) muna Chernogolovka. Ikoko kudzidza chikoro vachitungamirirwa Yuriya Dubrovskogo.

mhiri kwemakungwa

Muna 1999, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - a yefizikisi ane mukurumbira vatotanga, akatamira kuNetherlands. Ikoko, paYunivhesiti Nijmegen, iye anoshanda pamwe Andrei Geim. Kubvira muna 2001, masayendisiti ave kushanda pamwe University of Manchester. Muna 2004 iye anogamuchira mwero Dhokotera Uzivi (Jan Kees Various musoro).

Panguva iyoyo, Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov - nyanzvi Royal Society uye muzvinafundo Physics uye Mathematics paUniversity Manchester uye ane nezvekuva chizvarwa chenyika mbiri (Russian uye United Kingdom). Zvino anogara Manchester.

tsvakurudzo

The anozivikanwa Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov? Maererano Analytical sangano Thomson Reuters, Russian-British yefizikisi imwe inonyanyoshandiswa arimo masayendisiti. Kubva peni yake yakauya 190 nyaya yesayenzi. Zvisinei, chinonyanya kukosha kutsvakurudza kwake Chokwadi, graphene. Vanhu vazhinji vakanzwa shoko, iro sokuti nyore uye nomuzikamwi. Technology chaizvo pfupi uye kwezvokufuka, sezvinoita zvose penya. Humwe kudzidza graphene yayo mafomu, anogona kutaura vanhu ive nguva Ultra-kutsanya uye ultrathin Mobile uye kadambari namano, motokari yemagetsi, uye simba asi lightweight chaizvo kuvakwa.

chinokudza

Apo Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov akaenda ushande Manchester University, akava mukuru mumwe wechikuru wandaiziva kubva Russia, Andre Geim. Pakazosvika nguva kare mubasa tsvakurudzo munzvimbo iyi uye akakwanisa bereka kuti mashandiro ose adhesion kuti nechipfira kuti mhuka nemazinzara, uye anoritsanangura akasika munhu namuka tepi, iyo gare gare kushandiswa wefizikisi basa graphene. kuti Geim asati akabatsira Chinese mudzidzi, asi, mumashoko wefizikisi, basa rakatanga kutama chete pashure zvakatora Novoselov Konstantin Sergeyevich. The Nobel Prize akanga paakavapa kwavari October 2010. zvino Novoselov anozivikanwa somuduku akahwina mubayiro weNobel mu wefizikisi (nokuti okupedzisira 37 years), kwete chete panguva iyoyo ndiye chete musayendisiti pakati Nobel premiatov vakaberekwa pashure 1970.

Saizvozvowo 2010 Novoselov vakagamuchira zita mutungamiri Order of Dutch Lion kuti mupiro wake chinokosha kuti sayenzi Netherlands, uye gare gare, muna 2011, mutemo Queen Elizabeth LL kuti ave knight-tsvimborume, ane kuti mupiro wake sayenzi kuUnited Kingdom. Kumwe mhemberero zviri kudzidziswa kupinda Knights akabata gare gare muchirimo cha2012 Sezvaitarisirwa, pana Buckingham Palace. Iye akatungamirira mwanasikana wake, Queen, Princess Anne.

Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Konstantin Sergeevich Novoselov, zvesayenzi uye kuwadzana nevamwe zviri zvikuru zvakawanda, vakagamuchira umwe nomukurumbira mubayiro nokuda kudzidza graphene, achiva Kumukundi pamusoro mubairo "Evrofizika" muna 2008. Zvinonzi paakavapa pamakore maviri, Nobel Prize vakundi pakati awardees ayo aiva gumi chete. Mubayiro iri mari mubairo uye chitupa kufanana. Naiyewo akahwina Zvisinei, Kurti, hazvisi graphene uye nokuda pamazita kubudirira munzvimbo yakaderera tembiricha rinobva minda.

About mhuri uye upenyu

Konstantin Novoselov ari ndaroorwa wake Irina. Kunyange zvazvo kuri Russian, vakadzidza masayendisiti kunze muNetherlands. Irina kunobva Vologda, mubasa tsvakurudzo mune zvidukuduku, miteva (chinyorwa vakarwira muSt Petersburg). The nemudzimai vane vanasikana vaviri, mapatya Sophie uye Vic vakazvarwa 2009.

Stanislavski, mumashoko ake pachake, kwete baba, vagere kwevhiki murabhoritari nokuisa uduku vana vavo. Nokuti iye kugadzira duku transistor kwenyika uye kudzidzisa mwanasikana wake kuti kuverenga kusvika makumi maviri nemanomwe - chinhu kuti umire mutsara mumwe chete. "Hakuna munhu akamboenda kuitirwa iwe," - anoti.

Uyewo, vabereki vake kumboedza tikadzivisa mwanakomana wake tsitsi. Ivo vagara nechokwadi chokuti mwanakomana wavo chipo kwazvo, uye, sezvo iye anoti, a yefizikisi, kwete kushamiswa kana akagamuchira Nobel Prize.

Mubvunzurudzo kuti magazini Esquire, akabvuma kuti anoda kudzidza kuridza piyano. He anodzidza Zvisinei, nokuda kwake kubvuma, migumisiro mediocre.

pamusoro USSR

Stanislavski akaberekwa Soviet Union uye dzidzo yakanaka. Iye pachake anobvuma kuti ruzivo chaizvo kupi kuti zvishoma. Asi hazvina kuenda kudzoka kuRussia. Pamwe imhaka ichi, vamwe venhau involuntarily kuzvidzirwa nokuda kwokushaya yake uchiratidza kuzvipira kunyika. Nyanzvi iyi inoti haisi pamusoro mari, chete muBritain basa ngozi, nokuti hapana munhu asingagari kupindira munyaya yenyu.

Novoselov anotora upenyu nyore, regai kugara pamusoro kukundikana - iyi ndiyo imwe mitemo yayo inokosha. Kana pane matambudziko ari ukama nevanhu, iye anoedza kwete kutungamirira kuti yokuzorora, asi kana zviri sarambidzika, siya okupedzisira shoko nomumwe murume. In yakakurumbira yefizikisi pane nezvinetso zvakajairika dzakawanda upenyu Somuenzaniso, aizodai kupedza chero mari, chete kuzochera vakasununguka nguva.

Asi upenyu hwake kuti basa uye zororo, haana kugovera, zvichida iyi ndiyo kiyi zvedzidzo yauinayo. Kumba, ari kufunga wefizikisi, uye kubasa - chete kwenyama mweya.

Chii graphene

Kunyange zvazvo, Chokwadi, zvose nokubudirira mune wefizikisi, chikuru basa Novoselov rakanga uye anoramba graphene. mamiriro ichi, waiva pakutanga zvinowanikwa murabhoritari chinotarisirwa nevamwe vedu, mumwe maviri-dimensional "pajira riya" zviri kabhoni maatomu ari pakukora imwe atomu. Novoselov pachake anoti mabikirwo hauna kuoma nokusika graphene anogona nomumwe, anenge kugadzirwa. Anoti kuti zvakakwana kutanga yakanaka Buy graphite, kunyange rinogona kushandiswa kunyange mapenzura uye vanopedza zvishoma pamusoro nesilicon substrates uye namira matepi. All yakatarwa kusika graphene zvagadzirirwa! Saka, mashoko haringapiwi zvakashandiswa Makambani makuru, Novoselov uye Geim chaizvo akaupa nyika.

zvinoshamisa ehupfumi

Also kushamiswa yefizikisi yemagetsi ehupfumi izvi zvinhu. Maererano naye, graphene inogona kushandiswa transistors, izvo kuedza kuita iye zvino mune dzimwe makambani, kutsiva zvaizivikanwa zviri Mobile namano.

Maererano Novoselov, graphene achaita revolutionize ruzivo. An chinokosha chero renyaya firimu - zviri zvisingatendeseki midziyo, segirazi, mutete, kwete tyoka uye functionality kukuru. Kana girafu zvishoma nezvishoma kutsiva zvisingachashandi nesilicon mabikirwo mabhaisikopu zvichava muupenyu.

The zvakawanda chinozikamwa Zvidzidzo Novoselov uye Geim? Chokwadi kuti inenge pakarepo vakabva murabhoritari kusvikira conveyors, uye zvakawanda - zvave zvichibatsira chaizvo mumakore okutanga.

ramangwana ruzivo

Apo iye zvino kushandisa graphene? Zvinoita sokuti munhu ichangobva kuwanikwa zvinhu zvakadaro kwaisagona asi kupararira zvikuru, uye kusvika pamwero ichi ichokwadi. Anenge budiriro zvose vachiri experimental zvakasikwa uye zvisina kusunungurwa vakawanda kugadzirwa. Zvisinei, kushandisa mashoko aya zvino vava kuedza chose zvose nzvimbo, zvichida, anogona kunzi chaiyo "graphene fivha."

Count pachake, pasinei rakadzika uremu uye anongoda rizere pachena (nayo absorbs 2% chiedza zvitange, zvakangofanana sebhanditiwo hwindo girazi), mashoko acho yakasimba chaizvo. Kutsvakurudza kuchangobva nemasayendisiti American akaratidza kuti graphene riri yakavhenganiswa yakanaka epurasitiki. Izvi zvinoguma rinorema-basa zvinhu anogona kushandiswa pazvinhu, kubvira kugadzirwa midziyo uye maserura kuti chitundumuseremusere nesayenzi.

Graphene kwatova prototypes kuti mabhatiri kuti mota yemagetsi. Vari ne makuru kugona nezviduku kuchaja nguva. Pamwe nokuti dambudziko motokari yemagetsi zvichapedzwa, uye yokufambisa zvichava yakachipa pashiri uye zvikuru zvakatipoteredza ushamwari.

Graphene rinoshandiswa kukura itsva kubata ukomba kuti maserura. Kana chekare sensors zvinogona kuvhiyiwa munhu sandara penyika, ipapo girafu kuti kushaikwa ichi kunyimwa chimwe, nokuti inogona hwakakungwa pakuda. Uyezve, yakakwirira zvemagetsi conductivity ndichakuita norudaviro kushoma.

In avhiyesheni,

Housing zvombo uye ndege, akaita nokushandiswa graphene achava kakawanda nyore, izvo zvinoderedza zvikuru mafuta mari. The Vols zvichava saizvozvo zvakachipa kuti mari rwendo kune mumwe mugumo wenyika achagona kutenga. Asi, kunze mutakurwi motokari, ichi kuchachinja Chokwadi, uye zvinhu. Supply kure makona nyika ichava nani zvikuru, saka, kurarama uye basa kuchava vanhu vakawanda.