Respiratoria Vamwe zvipenyu

Nyika zvipenyu kuti vazadze pasi redu, ndiye zvikuru siyana. Vamwe vanowanikwa chete nenzira aqueous ezvinhu, imwe muupenyu dzakashandisa kuchengeta mvura, uye vamwe - panyika. Uye marudzi ose zvipenyu dzakashandisa dzinogarisana. Respiratoria nhengo yemhuka vakasiyana, uye mhando uye mamiriro kuvimba kwete chete nekwavanogara, asiwo kunzwisisa mumutumbi mudziyo.

Kupfuura nyore uye chinyakare mhuka - dzine celled, izvo zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, imwe amoeba, ciliate-shangu, sporozoans. kufema hurongwa hwavo hauna kuumbwa. Ivo fema okisijeni iri zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura. Izvi zvaizoitawo, anopinda muviri kuburikidza pemvura muviri Via osmosis.

In coelenterates (sechipanji, hydra, muramba, korari), izvo ndezvaJehovha zvipuka zvine masero akawanda mhuka, Nokufema uyewo kunoitika kuburikidza nomuviri pamusoro. Izvi zvinoratidza chinyakare unhu coelenterates chivako.

Vazhinji havana parasitic Makonye kufema ganda, kureva, okisijeni chinopinda kubudikidza ganda, asi mvura annelids pane chinokosha nhengo kuti afemeruke - gills. The gills vari kutendeuka dorsal cirrus kana parapodium. Parasitic Makonye (flukes, vakakomba) havasi kufema, avo anaerobic afemeruke.

Pakazosvika mhando arthropods zvinosanganisira vakawanda zvipenyu vanogara munharaunda yose, uye saka kufema mamiriro kunge zvakanga zvakasiyana. In pano arthropods (madandaude, nezvinyavada, tumbuyu) , Unokosha kufema zvomukati - zvemapapu mabhegi, trachea, mapapu.

Zvinyavada madandaude chinyakare kufema tichiregeredza yacho zvemapapu SACS. kudzamisa ichi abdominal mhango, izvo vakazadzwa hemolymph uye ane zvakawanda shizha ndiro. Kuburikidza pamasvingo mahwendefa aya gasi Exchange kunoitika, okisijeni anopinda bhegi kuburikidza pulmonary spiracles, ayo ari mudumbu. madandaude Vazhinji panguva uye mapapu uye trachea.

Trachea - nhete chubhu, chichipinda muviri wose nemhuka. Kuburikidza makomba akasvinurira trachea kuti kunze, kuti chidimbu kubva mudumbu wokutanga. Mapapu vane chinyakare yakarongeka, uye saka nani dzakashandisa trachea kufema mumhepo okisijeni.

Respiratoria nhengo rezvipembenene - zviri vo trachea, akazara muviri wose. Vanoita kuti kubazi panze, rakafukidza zvomukati hwemhuka. Tracheal magumo zvakatonyanya matete sepombi - tracheoles kuti kupinda munzvimbo masero. zvipembenene tracheal vakasununguka kwezvakatipoteredza, asi panguva yavo kumugumo vane dzepanguva midziyo kuburikidza nemvura Nokurasikirwa vari kuderedzwa apo zvipembenene kutiza.

Arthropods izvo anogara mvura (crayfish, magakanje, daphnia, chidhongi magakanje) fema Via dermal gills. gills izvi dziri mhuka yayo, uye vane vazhinji matete, kuburikidza icho gasi Exchange kunoitika. On nyika mhuka achiri mupenyu, chero mahwendefa aya wetted nemvura.

Respiratoria dzemugungwa inogona gills uye nemapapu. Fema nyore nyika kana Freshwater gastropods. Nguvo mhango pakati hozhwa mubishi yemhindumupindu zvava nyore. chiedza ichi ane kufema buri riri kwakabatana zvakatipoteredza uye kunogona kuvharwa.

Freshwater gastropods fema mumhepo mhepo, nokuti inhalation vanomutswa pemvura. Madziro chirukwa dzine zvemapapu ropa midziyo, kubva pano ropa kunowedzerwa pamwe okisijeni asunungurwa uye carbon dioxide. Clams fema kushandisa gills. Gills afoot ndiro akafukidzwa ciliated epithelium. Kuburikidza nebasa cilia ari ciliated epithelium kunoitika mumvura Inlet jasi mhango. mvura iyi inouyisa okisijeni, riri oxidized mune gills. Sezvo okisijeni uye zvinovaka muviri zvokudya mumuviri, uye manyowa zvigadzirwa, pamwe chete, carbon dioxide vari goho kuburikidza kusveta jasi mhango.