The kuitika-voltage zvinoitwa zvemagetsi

Tanga nyaya kwaikodzera pamwe Edison. Uyu murume kuongorora sayenzi vaedza incandescent ake rambi, kuedza kusvika pakakwirira itsva magetsi, uye netsaona yakagadzirwa diode rambi. Maerekitironi kusiya cathode vacuüm it uye entrained kurutivi rwechipiri electrode, akaparadzaniswa pedyo nenzvimbo. On kuswatura pari panguva aiziva zvishoma, asi patented kuvamba akawana kushanda kwayo yakafanira. Yakanga, uye dzaida kuitika-voltage noruzhinji. Asi zvinhu zvokutanga pakutanga.

The kuitika-voltage cho chero wemagetsi - vacuum, uyewo semiconductor uye - kunobatsira kunzwisisa sei kuti kuzvibata kana iwe batidza mudziyo mune imwe remudunhu magetsi. Kutaura zvazviri, ndiro goho pari novimba voltage kureva mudziyo. Edison akazogadzira mugadzi pamusoro diode akagadzirirwa rupedze kunaka voltage tsika, kunyange, chaizvoizvo, zvose zvichava kuvimba vatungamirire chiridzwa iri kushandisa kupinda dunhu, asi zvakawanda pamusoro kuti dzimwe nguva, kuti arege akaberekera muverengi zvisingakoshi zvizere.

Saka, kuitika-voltage cho dzakanakira diode ndiyo yakanaka kwemasvomhu parábola webazi, aizivikanwa vakawanda zvidzidzo kuchikoro. The kuitika kuburikidza zano yakadaro inogona ichiyerera chete imwe chete. Sezvingatarisirwa, imwe tsika yakanaka rakasiyana upenyu chaihwo, uye imomo kuchiri parasitic kuitika panguva kunaka voltages, akadana reflux (leakage). Ndiye duku zvikuru pane zvaaida uno, kunzi zvakananga, asi, zvakadaro, harufaniri kukanganwika pamusoro asiri ideality chaiyo zviridzwa.

Vacuum triode yakasiyana munun'una pamwe kuvapo electrodes vaviri nokudzora afoot, damming chikamu transversely pakati Vacuum chinu. A cathode ane unhani chaiyo iyo hwezvekukurukurirana ayo kuparadzana pachiso maerekitironi, akashanda seinokonzera zvokutanga nezvimedu akatorerwa anode. Unyatsoshanda nokudzora voltage kureva afoot. The kuitika-voltage zvechadenga ari Vacuum triode rambi zvikuru zvakafanana diode, asi pamwe chete Specification hombe. Zvichienderana voltage pamusoro mujinga parábola coefficient kaviri kuchinja, uye tinowana mhuri fomu mitsetse yakafanana.

Kusiyana diode transistors anoshanda zvakanaka voltage pakati cathode uye anode. The aida functionality zvinoitwa bata pakati afoot voltage. Uye pakupedzisira, unofanira kuita Last update. Sezvo cathode ane finite tichikwanisa Erekitironi anobuda, ine tsika neimwe saturation nharaunda, apo mamwe kuwedzera voltage haiiti kuti kuwedzera goho ano.

Pasinei siyana hunhu uye nhungamiro magetsi-voltage zvechadenga transistor hazvina kunyanya rakasiyana triode, asi steepness pamusoro parábola achiri guru. Ndokusaka mwenje redunhu iri kufungisisa inowanzonzi kune imwe semiconductor substrate. The hurongwa muviri mumwe kupfuura transistors zvakawanda iduku zvikuru zvitengeswa voltages. Uyezve, semiconductor mano zvinogona kudzorwa ne zvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa voltages, zvinopa mukuru mwero rusununguko vagadziri kana mazano matunhu.

Kusangana kwazvo nekukumbirira kuchinjwa makagadzirira akagadzirwa mhinduro uye namano zvave akazogadzira pamwe photoelectric mugumisiro. Zvisinei, kana mwenje akashandisa ayo dzimwe mhando, akura chinhu chawo, nezvikonzero pachena, kushanda maererano dzomunyika photoelectric mugumisiro. The kuitika-voltage mamirire photoelectric inozivikanwa mukuti goho ano mutengo iri haachatauri, zvichienderana okuvimba. Chiedza kuchinyanya riri kumusoro kunokonzera goho ano. Sezvo basa phototransistors, photodiodes dzinoshandiswa sezvo neizvi bazi ano. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti pave michina inokwanisa Detective photons uye neKomisheni kwokunze zvinyorwa chiedza.