Chii chinonzi symbiosis kuti dzidziso uye chekare mienzaniso

akura ose anoyeuka chikoro zvipenyu Chokwadi, kuti symbiosis yakadaro. Kana akanzwa shoko. Zvisinei, haasi munhu wose anoziva kuti vakawanda muenzaniso symbiosis ndiyo vaviri vanhu - lactic asidhi utachiona. Kutaura zvazviri, symbiosis - iri chero ukama pakati maviri zvipenyu zvine genotypes siyana uye proiskhozhdzhenie iyo Co-kuvapo sezvo rimwe hurongwa. Asi regai kufunga ane symbiosis kuti parasitism, sezvo kazhinji zvinoitika.

Zvakasikwa, pane zvinotevera mhando symbiosis: chambotaurwa nezvacho parasitism (mhando ukama kuti zvinobatsira mumwe, uye homwe mumwe), mutualism (ukama mose) commensalism (ukama runobetsera mumwe uye asina hanya nezvimwe), uye amensalizm (ukama dzinokanganisa rimwe divi uye hanya nokuti wechipiri). Uyezve, muna sayenzi yemazuva kazhinji kusiyaniswa symbiogenesis kana endosymbiosis rinomirira intracellular symbiosis, mumwe mukati mumwe mupenyu muviri masero. Utachiona vari symbiotic ukama, inonzi symbionts.

Kuti tinzwisise zviri symbiosis, zviri kutanga zvakakodzera nokuongorora tanga chimiro chayo, kureva symbiogenesis. Masayendisiti akaratidza kuti cellular organelle mitochondria uye plastids vaimbova vakaparadzana tusingaoneki vekare: kuti mitochondria vaiva prokaryotic utachiona uye plastids - autotrophic utachiona kuti wagara mukati nyore masero eukaryotic. Pakutanga kwaiva symbiosis yaingowanikwa pamusoro mutualism mhando, kureva ukama vashanduri zvinobatsira. Zvadaro, zvinenge aya akabatanidzwa kuti simbi unitary mamiriro, kuti pakupedzisira akavanamatira majini.

By chete musimboti pasi kuvakwa uye mamwe marudzi ose symbiotic ukama. Nyore nzira kufungidzira kuti symbiosis zvakadaro, zimbabwe muenzaniso lichens. Izvi mhando ukama vanofanira kuonekwa mutualism, sezvo chakuvhe anowana kubva cyanobacteria zvinovaka muviri synthesized chechipiri, uye, akavapindurawo, pave utachiona akanaka ezvinhu zvemhoteredzo, kukudzivirira kubva nokuomesa, ultraviolet nemwaranzi nezvimwe zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu, uye rinoitawo kuti kuvapo munhu substrate ane acidic ph kuita.

Parasitism - sezvo rudzi symbiosis. A klassiske Muenzaniso nayo vanoonekwa kuti zvose eukaryotic kutapuriranwa vamiririri, kusanganisira notumwe. Muzviitiko izvi chisvetasimba anogara muviri hondo yacho, anodya pfuma yaro. Kusiyanisa unosungira (DC) uye kan (nenguva dzirikure) parasitism. Boka rokutanga rinosanganisira nemavhairasi, kune wechipiri - neinda, nehonye uye nevamwe.

Muenzaniso mutualism ndiyo peya ichangobva kutaurwa murume-intestinal microflora.

Sezvo chikamu commensalism kusiyanisa subtypes zhinji: zoochory (kuparadzirwa zvikamu zvirimwa vanoshumira kuti kubereka, kushandisa mhuka) - vari shiri kudya mbeu kana akatakura pamusoro makumbo avo), sinoykiya (kushandiswa mumwe muviri inogarwa imwe pasina kukuvadza wokutanga Somuenzaniso, hove, kuita kuti pave nenzira anoshongwa ose molluscs). Chisingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa Inquiline - vachishandisa hondo musha nokuparadzwa neyokupedzisira Somuenzaniso, tumbuyu, mazana otklydyvayuschie mu mollusk anoshongwa kana Gauls, apo hondo inoparadza.

Muenzaniso Inonyanya ndiyo ukama amensalizma matanda chikwindi, inobereka pasi. Moss ari kuona kunaka mugumisiro symbiosis kwakadaro (kushaya chiedza, zvokudya, mvura, etc.), uye muti kutarisirwa.

Saka, vachibatsirwa huri nyore uye unoshamisa mienzaniso achaita inoratidza chii symbiosis, uye hazvifaniri kuvhiringidzwa commensalism mutualism uye parasitism.