Ndivanaani madzitateguru vevanhu? The chikuru mumatanho yevanhu kushanduka

Masayendisiti vasingagoni kusvika nekubvirana pamusoro ndiani madzitateguru vevanhu, kuti gakava haasi remakore rokutanga zvinoitiswa zvedzidzo yeChina. The rinofarirwa kupfuura dzidziso yemhindumupindu wakatangwa naCharles Darwin yakakurumbira. Kubvuma chokwadi kuti munhu ane "muzukuru" ane nemaape, zvinofadza kuronda nhoroondo uye shanduka.

Shanduka dzidziso: madzitateguru evanhu

Sezvambotaurwa, masayendisiti vanowanzomuitira kutenda, kubvuma shanduka shanduro vachitsanangura kwakabva murume. Madzitateguru vanhu kuvimba dzidziso iyi - netsoko. Kushandurwa muitiro akatora makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 30, chaiyo nhamba haina dzatangwa.

Muvambi dzidziso iri Charles Darwin, uyo akararama muzana remakore rechi19. Kwakavakirwa zvinhu zvakadai dzinongoitika selection, kutamburira kuvapo, magene kushanduka.

parapithecus

Parapithecus - guva tateguru kwevanhu netsoko. Anofungidzirwa mhuka idzi inogarwa nyika makore mamiriyoni 35 apfuura. Zvinonzi izvi primates yekare Parizvino kuonekwa kubatana rokutanga shanduka guru netsoko. Driopithecus, Gibbons uye orangutans vari "vana" vavo.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti primate yekare, zvishoma zvinozivikanwa musayendisiti, humboo vakawana kuburikidza paleontological anowana. It Vakawana kuti muti tsoko vaifarira kugara mumiti kana akazaruka dzezvimwe.

driopithecus

Driopithecus - tateguru murume yekare, chii chakaitika, kana iwe vanovimba data available kubva parapithecus. The riini mhuka idzi hakusi zvakajeka kutsunga, vatsvakurudzi vanotaura kuti izvi zvakaitika anenge mamiriyoni 18 apfuura. Polunazemnye tsoko chamuita kuti magorira chimupanze uye Australopithecus.

Kuti asimbise kuti driopithecus anganzi tateguru murume ano, vakabatsira tsvakurudza nemamiriro kwemeno uye shaya hwemhuka. Mashoko chidzidzo vaiva mapfupa inowanikwa France muna 1856. Zvinozivikanwa kuti driopithecus brushes kuvabvumira kunzwisisa uye vachibatirira zvinhu uye kukanda navo. Netsoko vakagara kunyanya pamiti vaisarudza anofudza upenyu (kubva depredation kudzivirira). Food vakashandira kunyanya michero uye michero, izvo kunosimbiswa nhete paiva enamel pamusoro molars.

Australopithecus

Australopithecus - munhu tateguru dzevanhu zvikuru apelike, rizare nyika anofungidzirwa makore anenge mamiriyoni 5 apfuura. Tsoko kushandiswa kufamba hadzi yayo, uye akapinda poluvypryamlennom chinzvimbo. Kukura ichitaurwa Australopithecus akaverenga 130-140 cm paivawo mhuka yakakwirira kana yakaderera. uremu muviri akanga akasiyana - kubva 20 kusvika 50 makirogiramu. Kukwanisa kumisa uye pfungwa vhoriyamu, izvo semutongo 600 cubic masendimita, nhamba iri kupfuura kuti zvikuru netsoko mupenyu nhasi.

Zviri pachena kuti kuchinja kuti vakarurama mamiriro kwakatungamirira nokubudiswa maoko. Zvishoma nezvishoma madzitateguru evanhu akatanga kuva chinyakare chezvombo zvinoshandiswa kurwisa vavengi, kuvhima, asi havasati vatanga kuagadzira. In basa zvishandiso Matombo, tumiti, mapfupa mhuka. Australopithecus vaifarira kugara mumapoka, sezvo zvinobatsira kuti zvinobudirira kudzivirira nevavengi. Food zvaunofarira vakasiyana, munzvimbo kosi havana chete michero uye michero, asi nyama yemhuka.

Externally Australopithecus akatarisa zvakawanda zvakafanana tsoko kupfuura vanhu. miviri yavo yakanga gobvu bvudzi.

Homo habilis

Homo habilis anotarisa kusvika hapana kusiyana Australopithecus Zvisinei, akanga yekudyidzana mukuru wayo kukura. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti mumiririri wevanhu vokutanga akazviratidza anenge mamiriyoni maviri apfuura. Nokuti nguva yokutanga dzasara Homo habilis kwakawanikwa Tanzania, zvakaitika muna 1959. uropi vhoriyamu aiva batsira murume, vakapfuura chokupika Australopithecus (musiyano anenge 100 cubic masendimita). Kukura avhareji munhu asingadi kuenda mhiri masendimita 150.

Zita zvizvarwa Australopithecus yakakodzerwa pakutanga kuti chii akatanga kuita chinyakare Ezvemutauro. Products Anonyanyowanika ibwe, zvaishandiswa panguva kuvhima. It Vakawana kuti nyama iri kuramba aripo ari munhu kudya nyanzvi. Kudzidza chaivo zvechadenga uropi akabvumira masayendisiti kuti vafunge mukana wokuti dzidziso dzekuvamba pakutaura, asi dzidziso iyi haana kugamuchira zvakananga chisimbiso.

Homo erectus

Kugadzirisa izvi mhando kwakaitika pamusoro miriyoni apfuura, vanhu zvasara Homo erectus inowanikwa Asia, Europe uye Africa. The Vhoriyamu uropi akanga vamiririri Homo erectus, vakasvika 1100 cubic masendimita. Havana kukwanisa kuti ape anonongedzera inonzwika, asi mitinhimira iyi tichiri inarticulate.

Homo erectus anozivikanwa zvikurukuru nokuda chokwadi kuti akabudirira seboka chiito Ichibatsirwa chichiwedzera tichienzanisa yapfuura Links pfungwa saizi shanduka. Madzitateguru vanhu vakabudirira Vakaronda mhuka huru, vakadzidza kuti moto, sezvinoratidzwa inowanikwa mumapako marasha murwi uye chipiriso pfupa.

Homo erectus akanga kukura chete Homo habilis akasiyana zvekare nemamiriro dehenya (yakaderera frontal pfupa, ikaramba ichiserera chirebvu). Kutozosvikira munguva ichangopfuura kare, masayendisiti vaidavira kuti vamiririri ichi dzemarudzi akanyangarika anenge zviuru 300 apfuura, asi achangopfuura zvakabudiswa asingatsigiri dzidziso iyi. Zvinogoneka kuti Homo erectus akawana chimiro vanhu ano.

Neanderthals

Handizvo kare zvakanzi vaifungidzira kuti Neanderthals - rakananga madzitateguru evanhu ano. Zvisinei, zvichangobva Data zvinoratidza kuti dzinomirira-shanduka akafa-mugumo bazi. Representatives Homo neanderthalensis nedhimoni uropi Vhoriyamu raiva anenge akaenzana Vhoriyamu uropi, izvo rusununguko vanhu ano. Externally, ivo Neanderthals kare anenge zvairatidzika tsoko, nemamiriro ose mandible kunoratidza kukwanisa nekutaura matauriro.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Neanderthals akazviratidza anenge 200,000 apfuura. Nzvimbo dzokugara, kuti vakasarudza, novimba ekunze. Zvingava mumapako uye matombo matumba, rwizi mabhanga. Pfuti iyo yakabereka Neanderthals vava yakagozha. Hunting akaramba kwainyanya zvokudya, iro basa mumapoka makuru.

Takazoziva kuti Neanderthals vaiva vamwe tsika, kusanganisira vaya nechokuita noupenyu munyikadzimu. Kuti havana kubuda uye zvokuvamba dzetsika wokutanga, chinoratidzwa kutarisirwa vedzinza. vokutanga Matanho kudzidzira kufamba mumunda ichi takaitwa, sezvo unyanzvi.

Homo sapiens

The vamiririri Homo sapiens rokutanga akazviratidza anenge 130,000 apfuura. Mamwe masayendisiti vanofungidzira kuti izvi kunyange akanga apfuura. Nechokunze, vanotarisira dzinenge zvakangofanana? uyewo vanhu vanogara panyika nhasi, kwete vaikudzwa uye bhuku wouropi.

Inowanikwa matongo Zvakafukunurwa zvinoratidza kuti zvinoita kuti panotaurwa kuti wokutanga vanhu vakanga chaizvo mune mazwi tsika. Izvi runoratidzwa Zvakawanikwa akadai bako mifananidzo, akasiyana-siyana nezvishongo, chivezwa uye achiita zvokutemera, akasikwa kubudikidza navo. Makore anenge 15 zviuru murume akatora musoro vazadze nyika yose. Improvement zvekushandisa kwakaita kuti kukura rwakasvika upfumi, akakurumbira pakati Homo sapiens akatanga mabasa akadai mhuka minda, kurima. Misha huru yokutanga ndezvaJehovha neolithic kumwedzi.

Vanhu uye tsoko: Pazvakafanana

Kufanana murume netsoko vachiri nyaya pakutsvakurudza. Tsoko vanokwanisa kutama makumbo hadzi, asi maoko panguva imwe chete senzira rutsigiro. Minwe yemhuka idzi harina zvipikiri, uye zvipikiri. Kuwanda micheto orangutan ndiyo 13 majoko, ukuwo vamiririri rwevanhu avo nhamba 12. incisors, canines uye molars muvanhu uye tsoko machisi. Uyewo zvinofanira kucherechedzwa yakafanana maumbirwo nenhengo dzawo, kutsinga dzinouya dzomuviri.

Features kwevanhu uye nemaape zvakafanana zvinonyanya kuoneka kana achitarisa nzira yokuratidza manzwiro. Vanongouya kusuruvara, hasha, mufaro. Vakagadzira chinhu mupfungwa kwevabereki hunoratidza pacharo pakutarisira vechiduku. vana vavo havasi kurezva chete, asiwo kurangwa nokuda kwokusateerera. Tsoko vane mukana wakanakisisa ndangariro, vaikwanisa akabata zvinhu uye kushandisa sezvo midziyo.

Hadzina kubatwa nezvirwere zvakadai fivha, korera, chibhokisi, angabatwa nechirwere AIDS uye yokuSpain. Panewo zvakajairika tupukanana: musoro inda.

Vanhu uye tsoko: huru misiyano

Haasi masayendisiti ose anobvumirana kuti mukuru netsoko - madzitateguru murume ano. Vhoriyamu hwomunhu kuti paavhareji 1600 cubic masendimita, nepo chikamu ichi kwemhuka ane bv 600. cm. zvinenge 3.5 nguva dzakasiyana nzvimbo cerebral cortex.

Yokuverenga misiyano chokuita chitarisiko, kungava refu. Somuenzaniso, vamiririri rwevanhu vane chirebvu, miromo vakamonyanisa, kunoita kuti uone mucosa. Havazivi kumira kunze mazino, zvakawanda dzakabudirira nzvimbo KUONA. Tsoko vane bhokisi dhiramu, nepo chiri sandarara muvanhu. munhu uyewo chine akura chiuno, sacrum yanyatsosimba. In mhuka, muviri urefu akapfuudza kureba rezasi wamativi.

Vanhu vanoziva, vanokwanisa generalize uye chaihwoihwo, shandisa husingaoneki uye kongiri mafungiro. The vamiririri rwevanhu anogona kusika nematurusi kuva kunzvimbo dzakadai unyanzvi uye nesayenzi. Ivo kuuya mitauro yokukurukurirana.

dzimwe pfungwa

Sezvambotaurwa, kwete vanhu vose vanobvuma kuti netsoko - madzitateguru remunhu. In yaDarwin, yakawanda vavengi, vatungamiriri vakawanda nenharo. Pane nzira dzidziso kutsanangura pakuonekwa Earth vamiririri Homo sapiens. Mukuru ndiyo dzidziso zvakasikwa, izvo zvinoratidza kuti munhu ane chisikwa akasikwa inoshamisa ari. The pakuonekwa musiki kunoenderana zvechitendero. Somuenzaniso, vaKristu vanotenda kuti vanhu akaoneka panyika kuvonga kuna Mwari.

Chimwe nevakawanda dzidziso - nzvimbo. Rinoti rwevanhu aine extraterrestrial mavambo. pfungwa iyi inokurukura kuvapo vanhu pamusana ane kuedza inoitiswa yepasi pose pfungwa. Pane imwe shanduro inoti rwevanhu iri akabva vatorwa.