Zvinhu kukanganisa mwero kwemakemikari kuita

With pfungwa "nokukurumidza" kazhinji vasangana mukufamba wefizikisi. The vakawanda tsanangudzo nokukurumidza chinhu ukoshi iyo inoratidza sei anochinja chero hunhu chete chairema nguva.

The kemesitiri akashandisa definition "namakemikari kuita unodiwa." chikamu ichi anosarudza sei zvikuru paminiti chikwata nguva dzinosiyana wevasungwa kutanga reagents kana maitiro zvinhu yapihwa.

Kufungidzira inoenzanirana, kushandura wevasungwa rimwe zvinhu.

The dzinonakidza zvikuru pezvakaitwa vari homogeneous ezvinhu. Homogeneous (yunifomu) hurongwa vari mvura kana magasi. Maitiro aya kutora nzvimbo zvizere. Makemikari maitiro mwero kuti gadziriro iri kuchinja wevasungwa reshiyo rinowanikwa kwakadaro uye penguva nenguva panguva iyo ino kuita kunoitika.

Non-homogeneous (heterogeneous) wegadziriro ndeinotevera: zvikukutu - gasi, zvikukutu - mvura uye gasi - mvura. In izvi zvakaitwa hurongwa kuitika Pasika muganhu pamusoro. Mwero nemakemikari mu heterogeneous gadziriro kuona nhamba moles ose zvinhu izvo kupinda kana inoumbwa nokufumura pamusoro chikwata muzana chikwata nguva.

Zvinhu kukanganisa mwero kwemakemikari kuita

Kunokanganisa Kugamuchira pamusoro wevasungwa ose zvinhu, tembiricha, kuvapo anowedzera (inhibitor), nokudyidzana nzvimbo uye zvakaita unorapa.

Chokutanga, makemikari kumashoko mwero iri novimba wevasungwa ari reactants. Inokura maererano kungoerekana kuwanda kwavo. Chikonzero kuwedzera kumhanya kuwedzera uwandu reagents anoita PARTICIPLE kwemotokari yakafanira kuwedzera nhamba yavo muzana chikwata vhoriyamu.

Kuwedzera kuerera mwero iri kwemakemikari kwacho kunoita kuti kuwedzera tembiricha. The nemakemikari kuitika homogeneous gadziriro (mvura zvinogadzirisa, gasi wemisanganiswa) kuitika nokuda kwemotokari yenhengo (nezvimedu). Zvisinei, havasi kuwirirana reagents kunotungamirira zvigadzirwa zvitsva. Chete nezvimedu vanoshingaira izvo zvakawedzera simba, inokwanisa kuita makemikari maitiro.

With kuwedzera tembiricha kunowedzera mashoko kinetic nesimba makemikari kwemarudzi uye uwandu vanoshingaira kwemarudzi kunowedzerawo. Naizvozvo, maitiro kuchaitika yakakwirira tembiricha pane yakaderera. Sarudza kuti maitiro mwero kunobva tembiricha, kazhinji anobvumira van't Hoff. uchapupu ichi kuti sezvo tembiricha inowedzerawo kuti gumi nerimwe Celsius, makemikari kumashoko mwero iri yakawedzera 3-4 nguva. Zvisinei, izvi kazhinji anopa anofungidzirwa tsika, uye chete kushandiswa orienting kwokutanga tinyatsonzwisisa simba tembiricha.

Great kukanganisa kumhanya nemapinduriro inoshandura kuvapo anowedzera - imwe pfuma kuti Inowedzera makemikari kwacho. Catalysts anosangana chete reagents yokuumba zvenguva makemikari, uye kuguma kuita ravanosunungurwa. Maererano ezvinhu aggregation tisiyanise homogeneous uye heterogeneous catalysts.

Zvinhu kuti inogona kuderedza maitiro, akadana FIs.

The Zvakaitwa zvazvingava inobvawo pane vagari nzvimbo kunyorerana of reactants. Kuti awedzere maitiro ichi, nefuma wakuyiwa. The kunonyanyisa mwero comminution zvinoitwa Kuparadzwa ari reagents. Naizvozvo uchitsanya kuitike nenzira mhinduro.

Nature reactants Kunochinjawo zvingaitwa unodiwa. Somuenzaniso, simbi uye magnesium akasiyana kumhanya ari kudyidzana pamwe chete Kuwanda acids. Izvi imhaka dzakasiyana zvemakemikari basa simbi idzi.