Zvipenyu Russian uye Zvavakawana

zvipenyu Russian vakabatsirawo chaizvo nyika nesayenzi. Munyaya ino tichataura pamusoro mazita makuru, iwe unofanira kuziva munhu wose anofarira kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. zvipenyu Russian, pamwe nhoroondo dzeupenyu nebudiriro izvo uchadzidza, akafuridzira kuchizvarwa chevechiduku kudzidza ichi sayenzi anonakidza.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Uyu murume ari nguva Soviet, haadi okusuma. Zvisinei, iye zvino haasi munhu wose anogona kutaura kuti Pavlov Ivan Petrovich (Makore oupenyu - 1849-1936) akasika dzidziso yakakwirira huta basa. Uyezve, akanyora nhevedzano mapepa ari physiology kuti kugaya uye kufamba kweropa. Akanga masayendisiti wokutanga Russian vakagamuchira Nobel Prize pamusana kubudirira pasango zvomudumbu zvigadziriswe.

Kwakaita imbwa

Vazhinji rangarira kuedza ake pamusoro imbwa. Nezvenyaya iyi, akasika asingaverengeki cartoons uye majee munyika yedu, uye kunze. Pose kutaura zvaisazogona, rangarira imbwa Pavlov vake.

Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich kare muna 1890 akatanga kuita kwakaita mhuka idzi. Akashandisa zvomusejari nzira kubvisa zvose imbwa kubva yegurokuro. Kana mhuka atanga kudya, mudumbu haana kuwana zvokudya, asi gastric muto kubva akasika fistula vachiri vakamira.

Nokufamba kwenguva, kuedza Pavlov vakava yakagozha. Akadzidzisa imbwa kusangana vamwe nenzira zviwane, zvakadai somunhu Ringer bhero kuti rinoita pamusoro pe dzichifura. Nemhaka iyi, mhuka akasimudzirwa munhu riine dzepanguva: zvokudya rinowanika pakarepo mushure runhare. Kunyange pasina achiona zvokudya, imbwa anotanga kumira kubva fistula gastric muto.

Muratidze Pavlova unyanzvi

Feature Pavlova nzira kwaisanganisira kuti iye chokuita mupfungwa dzinotsanagura vasiri basa. Zvakabuda zvidzidzo zvakawanda yakasimbisa kuvapo kutaurirana ichi. basa Pavlov vake, richitsanangura mashandiro nawo pane kugaya ndatema riwedzere kuti chidzoke imwe nhungamiro itsva zvesayenzi - physiology kuvakuru huta basa. Ivan Petrovich makore anopfuura 35 hwake iyi chaiyo nzvimbo.

Origin, kurovedza

musayendisiti The ramangwana akazvarwa muna Ryazan, September 14, 1849 madzitateguru ake pamusoro rwaamai uye dzemadzibaba mitsetse vaiva vapristi, vakazvipira upenyu hwavo neChechi yeOrthodox yokuRussia. Pavlov kudzidza chikoro Ryazan yomudzimu muna 1864, akabva apinda chebhaibheri zvakafanana guta, iro gare gare akataura zvikuru ushamwari. Paakanga ari wokupedzisira gore, ndakaverenga basa Sechenov "hunenge yacho Brain." Akashandura pamusoro upenyu hwake ramangwana.

kubudirira Pavlova

Ake basa yokutanga akabudisa muna 1923, uye muna 1926 hurumende yeSoviet yakavakwa pedyo Leningrad Biological Station. Pano Pavlov akatanga tsvakurudzo ake mumunda Neural basa uye maitiro genetics netsoko (anthropoids). Uyezve, iye aishanda vepfungwa muzvipatara.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Pavlov mumunda ruzivo uropi ndezvevanhu rinenge guru mupiro nokusingaperi. Kushandisa zvesayenzi Musayendisiti chakabatsira sayenzi iyi kunzwisisa zvakawanda pamusoro zvepfungwa, uyewo kudonongodza nzira kuvabata. Academician, ane rutsigiro nehurumende USSR, vaikwanisa kuwana pfuma inodiwa chidzidzo. Izvi akamutendera kuti echimurenga matongo.

Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov

Great zvipenyu Russian kubva pasi pose - zviri Ivan Petrovich Pavlov uye Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov. Pazuva rokutanga izvi hatina dudza. Shamwaridzana muverengi wechipiri.

Mechnikov Ilya Ilyich (Makore oupenyu - 1845-1916) - akakurumbira Russian microbiologist uye pathologist. Muna 1908 akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize pamusana Medicine uye Physiology Prize (anorenda naPauro Ehrlich). Izvi mubairo nomukurumbira Mechnikov akagamuchira kuti kubudirira mumunda rwokuzvarwa kutapata.

musayendisiti The ramangwana akaberekwa mumusha, yaiva pedyo Kharkov, May 3, 1845. Muna 1864, Mechnikov Ilya Ilich akapedza kudzidza Kharkov University uye vakadzidziswa panguva madhipatimendi ose mumayunivhesiti reMunich, Göttingen uye Giessen. Mechnikov akafambirawo Italy, apo akadzidza embryology. Iye akadzivirira ake doctorate dissertation muna 1868. Kubva 1870 kusvika 1882 Akashanda semusayendisiti muna Odessa. Pano, panguva Novorossiysk University, aiva purofesa zvemhuka. Scientist vakabudirira pamwe nesayenzi basa rokudzidzisa. Muna 1886, pamwe chete NF Gamaleia iye akaronga bacteriological chiteshi, wokutanga kuRussia. The musayendisiti vakatamira Paris muna 1887, uye gore gare gare panguva kukokwa Louis Pasteur vakatanga basa akatanga kwake, kwaakanga kuenda murabhoritari. Sezvo 1905 Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov aiva mutevedzeri Kumutungamiriri tsika.

Wokutanga unoshanda them Ilicha akanyora musi Invertebrate Zoologie (coelenterates uye sechipanji), uyewo shanduka embryology. Zvaanazvo fagotsitelly yokuti (kwakabva zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvipenyu). The musayendisiti vawana Chiitiko pamusoro phagocytosis, unova Absorção de Água masero mapenyu uye unicellular zvinenge kana nezvimedu nokuda phagocytes - mumasero anokosha, izvo zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, dzimwe mhando ropa masero machena. Kubva musi dzidziso iyi, Metchnikoff akakudziridza uye mumwe - okufananidza zvokurwara kuti kuzvimba.

Pane mabasa mazhinji yakanyorwa Iley Ilichom mu bacteriology. Iye vaedza pamusoro pachake, somugumisiro iyo akaratidza kuti Vibrio cholerae ndiye causative nomumiririri asiatic korera. Ilya Ilyich akafa July 2, 1916 kuParis.

Ndezvipi zvimwe Russian zvipenyu vakafanirwa kuteerera? Tinopa kusangana kunyange mumwe wavo.

Aleksandr Onufrievich Kovalevsky

Ichi chimwe musayendisiti mukuru Russian, ane zita hatigoni kutaura. Kovalevsky aiva wemhuka, akashanda ari Imperial Academy of Sciences, academician of zvavo.

Akaberekwa Kovalevskiy Aleksandr Onufrievich muna 1840, musi 19 November. Iye dzidzo yepuraimari pamba, uye ipapo akaramba zvidzidzo ake pana Railway Engineers. Aleksandr Onufrievich akabuda muna 1859 uye akanyoresa paChikoro St. Petersburg University (Department of Natural Sciences). Munguva kubva 1860 kusvika 1862 ainge adzidziswa dzokurwa Kovalevsky, Carius uye Bunsen muna Heidelberg, ipapo mu Leydig Kvenshteta, Luschka uye norwaivhi muna Tübingen.

Muna 1862, Kovalevskiy Aleksandr Onufrievich kudzidza kurovedzwa St. Petersburg University, iyo akateverwa kudzivirira yatenzi uye doctorate zvichemo. Muna 1868 Kovalevsky akava purofesa zvemhuka. Panguva ino yaaishandira paYunivhesiti Kazan.

Nokuti nguva kubva 1870 kusvika 1873 anosanganisira rwendo Algiers neGungwa Dzvuku aine chinangwa nesayenzi. Muna 1890, pashure mumwe rwendo kumwe, akasarudzwa nhengo Imperial Academy of Sciences, uye akanga paakavapa musoro academician of zvavo. Muna 1891 akatora chair histology mutaundi rokumusha kwake St. Petersburg University.

Vazhinji basa musayendisiti vakazvipira kuna embryology, kunyanya invertebrates. Akapedzerwa 1860s, ongororo vakaona utachiona akaturikidzana mune zvinenge izvi. Kovalevsky kutsvakurudza achangopfuura makore ave rinotarisa tsanangudzo phagocytic uye secretory nhengo mu invertebrates.

Nikolay Ivanovich Vavilov

Uyu murume ndohwaJehovha dzidziso kutapata zvinomera, uyewo dzakavapo wenyika nzvimbo. Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich vawana mutemo nhaka kuchinja zvinenge uye homologous dzakatevedzana. Uyu murume akaita mupiro mukuru nokudzidza zvipenyu zvipenyu. Akasika unoyevedza muunganidzwa mbeu zvirimwa zvakasiyana munyika. Uyu mumwe musayendisiti uyo vakakudza zita nyika yedu.

Origin Vavilov

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich akaberekwa muMoscow musi November 25, 1887 mumhuri yechipiri chikwata achitengesa uye nomukurumbira Vavilov Ivan Ilyich. Murume uyu akanga ari chizvarwa vanhuwo zvavo. Pamberi yaifamba 1917, akashanda se Kumutungamiriri wekambani "kubvisa uye Vavilov", kuita Textiles. Postnikova Aleksandra Mihaylovna, amai musayendisiti, kwave mhuri-aricheke Artist. Dzinokwana mhuri Ivana Ilicha aiva nevana 7, asi vatatu vakafa vari vaduku.

Kudzidza uye nokudzidzisa

Primary dzidzo Nikolai vakagamuchira chikoro wezvokutengeserana uye akabva atanga kudzidza panguva Moscow Agricultural Institute. Iye kudzidza muna 1911 uye akaramba kushanda panguva sangano panguva weDhipatimendi private kurima. Vavilov muna 1917 akatanga kutsoropodza paYunivhesiti Saratov, uye kubva muna 1921 ave achishanda Petrograd. All-Union Institute of Plant Nikolai vakananga kusvikira 1940. Kunotsigirwa Makore andakapedza muna 1919-20 kudzidza, akatsanangura zvose kurimwa miriwo Volga nharaunda uye kumabvazuva Volga.

Vavilov kuti rwendo

Nikolai Vavilov makore 20 (kubvira muna 1920 kusvika 1940) akatungamirira rwendo kudzidza zvinomera Central Asia, Mediterranean, uye nevamwe. On mumwe wavo akashanyira muna 1924 muna Afghanistan. The zvichiguma zvinhu kuchaita masayendisiti kuziva mavambo uye kupararira anorimwa zvirimwa. Izvi zvichaita aivabatsira zvikuru mberi basa botanists uye Breeders. Collection zvinomera unganidzwa aiongorora zvinosanganisira Zvandakashanda vanopfuura zviuru 300.. It anochengeterwa VIR.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Vavilov muna 1926 yakahwina Lenin mabasa vakazvipira kuna kutapata yaigara kurimwa zvinomera, uyewo mutemo homologous series, svinudzai navo. Akagamuchira anoverengeka mibayiro uye Medals wandei. Zvisinei, pamusoro dzidziso munhimbe raparurwa nesangano mudzidzi wake Nezvimwewo Lysenko uye vachitsigirwa nebato ideologues. Zvakange kunangana kutsvakurudza mune genetics. Muna 1940, zvedzidzo mabasa Vavilov wakagumiswa somugumisiro. Chaaipomerwa sabhoteji uye akasungwa. The musayendisiti huru rakagadzirirwa upenyu zvakaoma mumakore achangopfuura. Akafa ari mujeri Saratov nenzara muna 1943.

vapore musayendisiti

11 mwedzi akaramba kuferefeta pamusoro pake. Panguva ino anopfuura 400 nguva Vavilov vakadaidzwa kuzobvunzurudzwa. Nikolai Ivanovich, pashure porufu, akaramba kunyange chimwe guva. Akavigwa pamwe chete nevamwe vasungwa. Vavilov muna 1955 akanga rehabilitated, mhosva vose mabasa kuzorwa chimurenga, vabviswa. zita rake pakupedzisira yakadzorerwa muna USSR Academy of Sciences.

Alexander Leonidovich Vereshchaka

Modern zvipenyu Russian akaratidza vimbiso huru. Kunyanya, AL Vereshchaka, iyo muridzi kubudirira dzakawanda. Akanga akaberekerwa Khimki, July 16, 1965. Vereshchaka - Russian oceanographer, purofesa, chiremba sciences zvoutachiona, uyewo runoenzanirana nhengo Russian Academy of Sciences.

Muna 1987 iye kudzidza kubva Moscow State University, rorusununguko Biology. Muna 1990, mumwe musayendisiti akava chiremba muna 1999 - purofesa MIIGAiK takananga murabhoritari kungova Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences, yakavakirwa muMoscow kubva 2007.

Vereshchaka Alexander Leonidovich ari nyanzvi mumunda Oceanology uye Geo. Zvaanazvo anenge 100 mapepa yesayenzi. kubudirira kwayo chikuru chokuita nokushandiswa nzira ano vari oceanography uye geoecology akadai deepwater aigarira motokari "Mir" (anopfuura 20 svetuka rwendo 11).

Vereshchaka ndiye Musiki muenzaniso hydrothermal system (matatu-dimensional). Akakurukura yokuti pamuganhu zvinhu zvipenyu (bentopeligiali), yaigarwa yakananga fauna of uye chokuita pasi rukoko. In pamwe chete navo kubva kune dzimwe nyika, iye akasika munhu nzira yokuti nokududza basa zvomumvura nano- uye microbiota (prokaryotes, archaea uye eukaryotes) kushandisa achangobuda mberi samolecular genetics. Iye ndohwaJehovha kuwanika uye characterization mhuri mbiri kuti shrimp, uyewo kupfuura 50 mhando crustaceans uye kusununguka.

Rosenberg Gennady Samuilovich

The musayendisiti akazvarirwa Ufa muna 1949. Akatanga basa rake somunhu injiniya, asi nokukurumidza akatanga kutarisira murabhoritari, riri panguva Institute of Biology of Bashkir Branch of Academy of Sciences. Gennady Samuilovich Rosenberg vakatamira muna Togliatti muna 1987, apo iye aishanda sezvo mukuru mutsvakurudzi panguva Institute of Ecology pamusoro Volga Basin. Muna 1991, nyanzvi akatungamirira tsika iyi.

Zvaanazvo budiriro emuchina ongororo unyanzvi uye maumbirwo zvinhu zvipenyu. Akasika marongedzero nokuda kuongorora zvakatipoteredza mikuru nharaunda.

Ilyin Yury Viktorovich

musayendisiti Izvi akaberekwa muna Asbest December 21, 1941 Ndiye samolecular biologist uye 1992 uye academician wokuRussia Academy of Sciences. The kubudirira kwayo guru, saka musayendisiti akakodzera uwane nyaya nezvake.

Yuriy Viktorovich them unyanzvi mune samolecular genetics uye ezvinhu zvipenyu. Muna 1976, musayendisiti akaita cloning dispersirovannyh Mobile majini kuti vari eukaryotic majini hutsva mhando. Kukosha ichi chakawanikwa guru kwazvo. Rakanga wokutanga Mobile majini kwemhuka, anogona kuona. Pashure paizvozvo, masayendisiti akatanga kudzidza eukaryotic transposable zvinhu. Akasika dzidziso basa majini mu dispersirovannyh Mobile shanduka, mutagenesis uye carcinogenesis.

Zinaida Sergeevna Donets

Great zvipenyu Russian - hazvina chete varume. Zvakakosha kutaurira pamusoro nyanzvi dzakadai Zinaida Sergeevna Donets. Iye Chiremba of Sciences, purofesa zvemhuka uye ikoroji pamusoro Yaroslavl State University.

Muna 1953, Donets Zinaida Sergeevna akapedza kurovedzwa Kiev State University, mushure menguva Akadzivirira tenzi wake uye doctorate. Sezvo 1978 iye ari kushanda Yaroslavl State University. Zinaida S. rave kushanda kudzidza ikoroji uye Fauna of tupukanana hove iri Volga mumudziyo. It mwene mabhuku anopfuura 100 mumagazini yesayenzi siyana.

Chokwadi, pane dzimwe nyanzvi dzezvinhu zvipenyu wenyika yedu, akakodzera kuteererwa. Taitaura chete pamusoro mikuru nebudiriro vaongorori uye izvo zvinobatsira kuyeuka.