Chii genotype? The kukosha genotype iri zvesayenzi uye dzidzo mabhora

Genetics kakawanda isu akarova avo vari kudzidza dzevanhu genome uye zvayakawana nezvimwe zvinhu zvipenyu. Easy kukurukurwa uye Masvomhu havasi pasina zvakajairika pfungwa uye vatambi, izvo zvisina kunyimwa uye ichi nesayenzi.

Chii genotype?

Izwi ngaanzwisise kuisa majini ane muviri, izvo anochengeterwa okutodza nerimwe masero ayo. Pfungwa genotype anofanira kusiyaniswa kubva genome, t.. To mashoko Vose kutakura akasiyana lexical zvaanoreva. Nokudaro, genome iri zvachose vose majini zvipenyu ichi (genome kwevanhu, genome tsoko, tsuro Gene).

Sei genotype munhu?

Ndeipi genotype mu zvipenyu? Pakutanga vaifungidzira kuti yakatarwa majini hwakasiyana sero ose. Pfungwa iyi akaramba kubva masayendisiti vakapfurunyura mashandiro kuti paumbwe zygote pakati gametes maviri: munhurume nomunhukadzi. Sezvo chero muviri kurarama kubva zygote inoumbwa mumapoka dzakawanda, zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti masero vose vaivapo vachava anawo akagadzirwa magene.

Zvisinei, chinofanira kuva anosiyaniswa kubva pamusoro genotype vabereki mwana. Embryo muchibereko ane hafu vanochengeta majini naamai vake uye kubva baba, saka vana Zvisinei akafanana vabereki vavo, asi panguva imwe chete havasi 100% makopi.

Chii genotype uye phenotype? Sei zvakasiyana?

Phenotype - dzakaunganidzwa ose kwokunze uye munyika zviri mumuviri. Mienzaniso ndiwo bvudzi ruvara, kuvapo freckles, urefu, ropa, Chizenga, kana kusavapo enzayemu usage.

Zvisinei, kuti phenotype hachisi chinhu chaicho uye kugara. Kana iwe tarisisai tsuro, ruvara mbava wavo dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana mwaka: muzhizha vane bvudzi uye chando chena.

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti kuva majini ndiyo nguva dzose kuramba, uye phenotype dzingasiyana. Kana isu kufungawo zvokurarama nazvo foni ose chete mumuviri, imwe neimwe yadzo anotakura chete genotype chaizvo. Zvisinei, jekiseni iri synthesized mu chete, mune dzimwe puroteni ari wechitatu actin. Rimwe hakusi yakafanana mumwe mu chimiro uye kukura, mabasa. Uku kunonzi phenotypic kuratidzwa. Ndizvo zvakataurwa genotypes uye zvinooneka kwakasiyana phenotype.

Fani iyi akatsanangura ndechokuti Kusiyanisa kuti utachiona masero mamwe majini dziri basa, nepo vamwe vari "hope muoti." Recent kana hwose kuramba basa, kana kuzodzosera rakashandiswa sero mu zvinokangaidza.

Mienzaniso Pakunyora genotypes

In tsika, kudzidza masero ruzivo rinoitwa kushandisa Zvimiso encryption majini. Somuenzaniso, zvisvundu Gene ziso zvakanyorwa guru "A", uye kutaura rebhuruu ziso - tsamba duku "munhu". Saka zvinoratidza kuti chiratidzo chikuru shava takangwaririra uye zvitema - kuderera.

Saka, maererano vanhu vanogona kuva:

• hukuru homozygotes (AA, Brown achishamisika);
• heterozygotes (AA, shava-achishamisika);
• recessive homozygotes (AA, rwebhuruu maziso).

Maererano kudzidza ichi musimboti aiita pakati majini pachavo, izvo yemanyorero kushandisa majoko akawanda majini. Izvi zvinomutsa mubvunzo: chii genotype 3 (4/5/6, etc ...)?

Mutsara uyu zvinoreva kuti vanotorwa kamwe matatu Gene yezvinoita. Nhoroondo achava Somuenzaniso, sezvinotevera: AaVVSs. Kune majini zvitsva kuti vane basa dzakasiyana chaizvo unhu (semuenzaniso, yakananga bvudzi rakamonana bvudzi, kuvapo mapuroteni kana kushaya kwayo).

Sei randinenge kupinda genotype ndokunge?

Chero Gene, yakawanikwa nemasayendisiti, ndiro imwe zita. Kakawanda ndiwo okuti Chirungu kana mashoko anogona kusvika wandei kukura pakureba. Chiperengo mazita zviomere vamiririri vatorwa nesayenzi, saka masayendisiti akatanga zvinopfuura nyore zvokurekodhwa magene.

dzimwe nguva kunyange mudzidzi wokusekondari anogona kuziva zvinotaurwa genotype 3a. imwe kupinda kwakadaro kunoratidza kuti majini anokonzera 3 alleles zvakafanana Gene. Kana kushandisa zita iri Gene kunzwisisa yedzinza dzemitemo aigona kuva zvakaoma.

Kana totaura mumarabhoritari apo zvakakomba kudzidza karyotype uye DNA zvidzidzo, ipapo akareva renhoroondo mazita majini. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kune avo masayendisiti kubudisa zvavanenge vawana.

Where zvinoshanda genotypes

Chimwe chinhu chakanaka wokushandiswa nyore zviratidzo - pakawanda ichi. Zviuru majini vane rakasiyana zita, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona anomiririrwa mumwe chete tsamba earufabheti. Kazhinji, kugadzirisa matambudziko majini pamusoro siyana zviri mutsamba inodzokororwa zvakare uye zvakare, nguva imwe neimwe decrypted ukoshi. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe dambudziko Gene B - black ndiye ruvara bvudzi, uye mumwe - ndiyo kuvapo moles.

Mubvunzo "chii genotypes kuti" kumuka kwete chete mukirasi kuti zvipenyu. Kutaura zvazviri Symbol kunokonzera Blurred mashoko uye mazwi sayenzi. Nehasha kutaura, kushandiswa genotypes - a kwemasvomhu muenzaniso. In chaihwo upenyu kuwedzera kuoma, pasinei nokuti musimboti vachiri vakakwanisa kutamira papepa.

By uye huru, genotypes ari muchimiro yatinofanira ndinoaziva, anoshandiswa mune purogiramu chikoro uye dzidzo kugadzirisa matambudziko. Izvi nyore kunzwisisa wenyaya "genotypes chii" uye vanova vadzidzi 'kukwanisa kuongorora. Mune ramangwana, unyanzvi kushandisa zvinyorwa izvozvo ndiko kubatsira, asi mashoko okuti chaidzo uye mazita majini zvakawanda zvakakodzera yokutsvakurudza chaiko.

Pari, majini vakadzidza zvakasiyana-siyana utachiona mumarabhoritari. Encryption uye kushandiswa genotypes kunokosha kwezvokurapa yokubvunza, kana mumwe kana kupfuura zvinhu kunogona kurondwa mune dzinoverengeka nezvizvarwa. Panguva goho nenyanzvi anogona kufanoona kuratidzwa phenotypic mune vana vane zvimwe mukana (somuenzaniso, pakuonekwa 25% blond kana 5% vana vanoberekwa vaine polydactyly).