Baking mushaba: namakemikari fomura. Makemikari yokuita kubikira pasoda uye kushandiswa kwayo

Zvichida, musha wese ane kicheni pasoda - vanhuwo zvavo-zvakasuruvara bhokisi rine powdery fuma. Hositesi culinary kurishandisa sechinhu chirungiso kubikira gadziriro. Zvisinei, ayo kukura zvokuti paupamhi kuti fuma anogona zvakachengeteka kunzi nokudenga mubatsiri munhu. Asi chii chinonzi pasoda? Anofarira uye sei aripo rinoshandiswa muupenyu hwezuva nezuva?

mazita mushaba

Asati achipfuura kuti makemikari ehupfumi pamusoro pasoda, zvinokosha kutaura kuti ayo zita - "Inoue", mumwe fuma yakawanikwa kubva zita chirimwa saltwort sodonosnaya, dota, ndiro tsime pasoda kugadzirwa.

In kemisitiri pasoda - nayo generalizes rokuremekedza yavaibvisa munyu pamusoro carbonic asidhi:

• Na ₂ CO ₃ (sodium carbonate) - kwemakemikari yokuita pasoda dota;
• Na ₂ CO ₃ · 10 ₂ O - Washing pasoda;
• NaHCO ₃ - kugocha pasoda. Ndiro makemikari yokuita kubikira pasoda;
• Na ₂ CO ₃ · H ₂ O kana Na ₂ CO ₃ · 7 ₂ O - kwemakemikari payakavakirwa sekristaro pasoda.

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, uyewo kune marudzi anoverengeka chiduku mashoko makemikari indasitiri:

• kugocha mushaba;
• kugocha mushaba;
• yavaibvisa bicarbonate;
• E500 chirungiso;
• yavaibvisa decahydrate.

The empirical fomura

Makemikari yokuita kubikira pasoda - NaHCO _3. Izvi acidic munyu carbonic acid. Kana iwe wedzera vakakwira mabhomba Zviidzo zvose zvayo constituent okunze, zvinoitika maatomu kurema yavaibvisa akaenzana 84 a. e.

The nzira kwayo inotungamirwa iri nyore. Makemikari yokuita kubikira pasoda - kunzwisisa kusakarongeka pakati yavaibvisa hydroxide pamwe carbonic asidhi:

NaOH + H ₂ CO ₃ = NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O.

In wekemisitiri, yavaibvisa dvuuglikisly chinhu chisinganzwisisiki pane yavaibvisa rehydrogen carbonate anion uye nokuo- nga. Pakusuma zvinhu izvi kupinda mumuviri, ivo normalize zviri asidhi-nechigadziko mwero kuburikidza neutralizing zvakawandisa iine acid chipo mune mvura svikiro.

mushaba dota

Makemikari yokuita pasoda dota - Na2CO3. Mushaba Ash - iri chena, granular zvinhu izvo zvinogona anomirirwa muchimiro pellets (A) kana upfu (B).

mhando iyi nemadota ane zvakawanda zvinhu kusiyanisa pasoda dota kubva chikafu.

1. ph of svikiro. Uye zvokudya pasoda nedota - ndiko alkaline, asi chokutanga - yakaderera, pamwe ph = 8, uye wechipiri - mukuru, pamwe ph = 11. The hunhu svikiro uye makemikari payakavakirwa anoratidza unyanzvi pasoda.
2. Chiyero. Baking mushaba inoshandiswa pakubika, uye zvizoro mushonga. Mushaba rinoshandiswa sezvo anobudirira rokuchenesa mumiririri.

Mumhuri uchishandisa pasoda dota kunogona kuva:

• vakageza, kurishandisa somunhu yokuwachira sipo;
• kusuka pasi, asi chokushandisa ichi hachisi akakodzera laminate uye parquet flooring, sezvo zvingaita Anotadzira unhani;
• bvisa mutopota blockages;
• nyaya yakachena porcelain.

Kana kushandisa mushaba dota anofanira kungwarira zvikuru, sezvo zvikuru hunokachidza fuma chokuita boka ngozi nevamiririri rechitatu.

The ehupfumi kuti kubikira pasoda chaiko

Yavaibvisa bicarbonate chinhu chena powdery fuma. Izvi kunzwisisa zvinhu yavaibvisa, sehydrogen, carbon uye okisijeni.

By upfu arambe achirema yakaenzana 2.16 g / masendimita ^3.

Apo tembiricha parameter ⁵⁰ -60 ^C. fuma anotanga itye.

Yavaibvisa bicarbonate, kana kubika pasoda rinomiririrwa muchimiro upfu mukaka. Mugore hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza zvakakwana soluble. It haachemeri. Makemikari yokuita kubikira pasoda kwakafanana kuti zvokudya.

mushaba mhinduro

Baking Inoue - a venhumbi urwa chose nemvura, zvichiguma pasoda mhinduro. Rinoshandiswa kuti Utsanana zvinangwa somunhu mouthwash.

Chemical payakavakirwa mushaba anogadzirisa sezvinotevera:

NaHCO ₃ + H ₂ O = H ₂ CO ₃ + NaOH.

The aqueous mushaba Kugadzirisa akapa zvakaneta inokosha hunhu.

Yavaibvisa dvuuglikisly dissociates mu aqueous mhinduro kuumba zvinotevera ions:

Na ₂ CO ₃ ↔ 2Na ^{+ +} CO3 ^2-

Properties mushaba somunhu alkali

Sezvo yave ambotaurwa, kuti yavaibvisa rehydrogen carbonate chinhu alkaline fuma. Izvi zvinokanganisa kushandiswa kubikira pasoda senzira neutralize ari acidity womuviri, kunyanya mudumbu. The zvinhu hunoumba nyaya, vane ngozi chokupfeka.

Mushaba itsvo operability anovandudza nekuti derivable weti ane alkaline svikiro. Uyezve, anoramba runodiwa uwandu glutamic AK pamuviri, iyo kunotadzisa nechitarisiko ibwe idzodzo dziri neitsvo.

Alkaline mamiriro ezvinhu kunobatsira nani kugaya mamwe mavhitaminzi B: B1, B4, B5, B6 uye B12.

Kana mushaba rakashandiswa kugaya hwakanaka sangana nayo with hot mukaka. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti chokwadi chokuti duku ura pasoda ikasakendenga pamwe amino acids mukaka, izvo zvinogona kuguma amino iine acid yavaibvisa munyu yakaruma alkaline hunhu. Izvi amino acids vari nani zvikuru pane pasoda, kupinda muropa, nokudaro vachiwedzera muviri alkaline reserves.

caustic mushaba

Makemikari yokuita caustic pasoda - NaOH. Structural payakavakirwa: Na - O - H.

The samolecular uremu zvinhu zvinoumba mabhomba kurema kwayo constituent zvinoriumba Na, O uye H. Zviri akaenzana 40.

Caustic zvakakwana soluble mumvura.

Mune indasitiri pachinhu ichi mhando pasoda mazita anotevera anoshandiswa:

• caustic mushaba;
• yavaibvisa hydroxide;
• yavaibvisa hydroxide.

Kana kushanda caustic pasoda zvinokosha kushandisa inodzivirira zvipfeko, sezvo neVadzidzi ganda kunosiya kwazvo kutsva.

Mushaba akabatana vhiniga

Chemical payakavakirwa vhiniga uye kubikira pasoda chinhu richipedza maitiro yaibereka mvura, carbon dioxide uye acetic asidhi munyu.

Izvi mushonga "ruzivo" anouya vaine maitiro shinyira, izvo zvinoratidza mavambo "uchipfuta" pasoda.

Izvi zvakaitwa rinoitwa munyika culinary mubhizimisi, kana chinangwa kanya mukanyiwa kubikira. Vhiniga nokuti izvi wabatwa wevasungwa 9%. Acid analogue angava ndimu muto, womuapuro cider kana waini vhiniga.

Saka nei aite nezvinoita kwegadziriro bvunzo? The ndechokuti kunokonzerwa kubva manyowa kubva carbon dioxide inobvisa pasoda anopa bvunzo kubwinya.

Kuwana fuma

Kamwe zvikaramba kubva pasoda dota miti halophytes sodonosnoy. Pari chikonzero gadziriro yamarudzi iri dzinongoitika yavaibvisa sulfate. Kugadzirira kuita sezvinotevera, apo kurudyi unoratidzwa pasoda mushonga fomura:

Na ₂ SO ₄ + 3C + 2O ₂ = 2Na ₂ CO ₃ + CO ₂ + 2Saka _2;
CaCO ₃ + C + Na ₂ SO ₄ = Na ₂ CO ₃ + 4CO + CAS.

Kushandiswa kubikira pasoda

Mushaba kwakakurumbira chaizvo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kwete chete kuva culinary zvinoriumba. Asi tikanyatsoongorora zviitiko apo padurunhuru inoshandiswa.

1. Kutanga ndiko kamwe zvakare kutaura kuti pasoda - chinoumba zvokudya culinary mabhizimisi. Kushandiswa Its haisi anongoitika: ne muchidziisa remubatanidzwa anokwanisa kwokusunungura carbon dioxide inobvisa vapor, izvo zvinozoita anopa bvunzo airiness. Muchiitiko ichi pasoda anoita somunhu disintegrant. Asi kana ukatenga muchitoro muhombodo chikanywa kubika upfu, ipapo pamusoro pasuru mumutsara anogona kuona pane pasoda, iro akasarudzwa kuva chikafu chirungiso E500.
2. Shandisa kubikira mushaba uye carbonated zvinodhaka.
3. Kakawanda, pasoda rinoshandiswa "zvavo" mushonga anonzi. Munharaunda iyi, izvozvo makabuda pasoda mushonga chero zvirwere Somuenzaniso, ayo efficacy zvave kuti chirungurira, chikosoro, kurwadziwa huro, mudumbu, panguva imwe tembiricha yakakwirira.
4. Akaita zvakanaka uye kubikira pasoda somunhu rokutsvaira mumiririri. Rinogona kushandiswa rokuchenesa utsanana vazviziva, aruminiyamu nomumakango, nezvirongo, pamakapeti, sirivha uye mbatya. The fuma ine disinfectant akanaka uye antifungal.
5. Vakadzi vazhinji vanoshandisa kubikira pasoda kuti zvizorwa uye Utsanana zvinangwa. Rinogona kushandiswa senzvimbo kwesha nokuda ganda. Zvinoreva wakanaka kunze kubva tsoka ine ganda kana akashandiswa norutsoka dzokugezera. Inogona kushandiswa kubvisa munhuwi ziya ari underarm nzvimbo, kana ari shangu.

Zvinobatsira mushaba uye bleaching mazino. Ichi isingadhuri asi nzira inobudirira. mushaba upfu yakavhenganiswa mushonga wemazino uye nemvura kana akapfava fambisa akaita zino okuchenesa.

Caustic mushaba: kushandiswa

Muchishandisa kwakadai pasoda kunofanira nevamwe kuchengeteka matanho sezvo caustic pasoda - a alkali simba rinogona 'kudya kure "marudzi akawanda hukawanika.

Chii zvinogona kubatsira mune caustic mhuri mazwi?

1. Caustic kuzvigona zvakasiyana kuchena pamusoro ndiro. Asi zvinokosha kurega kushandisa mumiririri uyu zvinhu zvakagadzirwa aruminiyamu uye Teflon. Asi vamwe mapoto, kana kubika zviumbwe - ndapota. Nagar, scale, stuffy akaturikidzana mafuta - zvose izvi nyore kubata caustics.
2. Caustic mushaba angapedza dambudziko tsinga pombi. Imi chete vanofanira nekuzadzisa granular fuma iri chubhu uye kusiya kwekanguva, ipapo sukurudza inoyerera mvura.

Caustic pasoda, aizivikanwawo caustic pasoda, ndizvo zvikuru kushanda musi muindasitiri pamwero muminda okuwana siyana.

1. In kuvakwa. Pano, nefuma kugadzira dzimwe mhando zvokuvakisa, uyewo anoshanda sezvi- zvinoriumba kuti chinosimbisa chinokosha hwaro zvivako.
2. In zvokudya indasitiri. Caustic mushaba rinoshanda uye chikafu mukugadzira. Zvechokwadi, mune ichi zvakafamba rinoshandiswa yakaderera kuwanda. Naye kutaurawo zvibereko Cocoa upfu, chocolate, aizikirimu, caramel it, muna kubika chingwa, rinoshandiswa sechinhu chirungiso E524.
3. Textile indasitiri. Munzvimbo iyi, caustic pasoda inobatsira machira bleaching uye patsva kuti rabha zvigadzirwa.
4. Chemical Kugadzirwa: caustic pasoda rinoshandiswa sezvo asidhi neutralizers, zvinoreva kuti kuchenesa mafuta uye zvigadzirwa anoritsanangura. Kugadzirwa maindasitiri anonhuwirira uyewo kuita pasina kuwedzera caustic pasoda. Uyezve, yavaibvisa hydroxide - anowedzera zvimwe nemakemikari zvakanaka.
5. Dzakakodzera caustic mushaba kuti sipo rokuita uye anogadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana Sipo, shampoos uye gels.

Mushaba dota: Shandisa

Mushaba dota anonziwo mucheka. Special kudiwa chivako ichi vakanakidzwa muSoviet Union, saka, tinogona kutaura: yokuwachira pasoda ndiyo nguva-dzakaedzwa.

Nzira basa mumamiriro anotevera:

1. Panguva wash zvinhu.
2. Kana kuchenesa hukawanika ose usina kukonekita, stoneware, neyevhu.
3. Kana ukabvisa mumwe blockage ari sepombi.
4. Kubvisa the scum ari dhiramu ane wokuwachisa, uyewo pamusoro ndiro.
5. Nokuti kuparadzwa zvipembenene tupukanana mumapindu.

Kubva pane zvataurwa, mhedziso rinoti pacharo: Inoue ichiita mabasa akawanda chokushandisa kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakawanda zvose wechipfuwo uye mumaindasitiri upenyu.

Zvakanaka unhu zvinhu ndechokuti unogona kutenga kuti zvawo masendi.