Munyu pamusoro carbonic acid. Kushandisa munyu pamusoro carbonic asidhi

Inorganic acids vari chaizvo zvinokosha namakemikari indasitiri. Pashure pezvose, ndivo yakatsvuka mashoko Syntheses zhinji, catalyze muitiro, ave dehydrating mumiririri kuti kupera mvura mumuviri uye zvichingodaro.

Zvisinei, kunyange kukosha munyu zvavo - kuzvitsinhanisa zvigadzirwa rehydrogen kuti simbi iri Zvinoumba mamorekuru dzavo. Carbonic asidhi iyi yakakosha. Handiti woga nayo kushanda hakuwaniki, mhepo pakarepo decomposing kupinda carbon dioxide inobvisa uye mvura. Asi carbonic asidhi siyana munyu kuti vanozivikanwa kuti munhu kubva kare. Dzakakurumbira chaizvo munzvimbo zhinji kugadzirwa uye kushandiswa. Uye funga navo.

Munyu pamusoro carbonic asidhi: kupatsanura

Chekutanga, zvakakodzera zvakanyatsonanga pakarepo kuti zvinhu zvinogona kunzi nenzira dzakasiyana. It kuitira zvakaitika kuti vose zita aina uye rinoshandiswa nanhasi sezvo kare kana zviduku, uye mashoko ari ndaisagona Nomenclature. Saka, munyu carbonic acid, dzinonzi seizvi:

• carbonates;
• bicarbonates;
• carbon dioxide inobvisa;
• hydrogencarbonates;
• bicarbonates.

Uye chokwadi, mumwe nomumwe ane zita rayo zvikuru anonyadzisira, inova munhu.

In mazita ari pamusoro pakarepo kunooneka uye kupatsanura pakati nenyaya yeimwe. Sezvo dibasic acid, uye munyu anoumba mhando mbiri:

• svikiro;
• yakashapa.

By okupedzisira zita prefixed hydro kana zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi. Chinenge ose munyu ane alkali kana alkaline pasi simbi - zviri kushanda kukosha remubatanidzwa iyo vanhu vanoda zvebhizimisi.

History of kuwanika uye kushandiswa

Sezvo makarekare vanhu anozivikanwa munyu carbonic acid. Pashure pezvose, muIjipiti yekare, pakuvaka kunze tichibatsirwa gypsum, chinu, reraimu uye machena zvaishandiswa.

In zvakanyorwa Pliny Mukuru akataura muitiro hwokubereka madota reraimu calcination. Famous Wonder - Pyramid - chakavakwa kushandisa gypsum uye zvinhu vakawana kwazviri. Kubva madota zvinomera vakagamuchira potashi uye akahushandisa kuti mbatya, uye ipapo nesipo zvokuita.

Ndiko kushandisa zvigadzirwa kuti hunhu kunopa, vanhu vaigona kusvika nguva dzose. Zvisinei, chii chiri munyu carbonic acid, zvavakanga vane chivako sezvo inogona synthesized artificially, uye chii dzavo nedzimwe maitiro, yakasvika pakuzivikanwa zvikuru gare gare, muna XVII-XVIII emakore.

Nhasi, kushandiswa kwakapararira carbonates vazhinji pasi alkali uye alkaline nesimbi, vamwe vavo kutora chikamu chinokosha ari pasi riparadzirwe kwendangariro.

Deposits zvakasikwa

Maererano chikamu ari vaiona zvicherwa kugara anenge 5% chevanhu vakawanda yose pasi goko. Vari aumba kunyanya kubva kunze, zvichiumba matombo. Uyewo yakawanda munyu inoumbwa hydrothermal.

Tupukanana tusingaoneki, molluscs nedzimwe mhuka uye miti inobatsira kuti paumbwe carbonates biochemically. Kazhinji, carbonic asidhi munyu inowanikwa Zvinoumba ores, navo kuburikidza paumbwe neshamwari.

The inozivikanwa zvicherwa uye matombo yeimwe izvi:

• calcite;
• dolomite;
• choko;
• machena;
• reraimu;
• gypsum;
• magnesite;
• siderite;
• malachite.

Nzira achigadzirira uye kushandisa

Munyu carbonic asidhi anonzi carbonates (panyaya svikiro zvakasiyana). Izvi zvinoreva kuti carbonate Ion zvinenge zvaisanganisira kwavo sezvamunoita vane nzira iri CO ₃ ^2-. Kupedza zvizere munyu chimiro haasi chete simbi nokuo- nga yakakwana uye maindex kuratidza quantitative Zvinoumba remubatanidzwa. Izvi rinoshandiswa murabhoritari nzira hwokubereka izvi zvinhu.

Kutaura zvazviri, kunze dzokubudisa kubva dzinongoitika manyuko, inogona synthesized carbonates uye kugoverana siyana uye kuzvitsinhanisa akakura. Zvisinei, kushandiswa zvinorevei nzira dzakadaro handina, sezvo goho iri pasi uye simba mari.

Apo Wakaitwa kushandisa munyu pamusoro carbonic acid, mune zvipi? Nokuti mumwe nomumwe wavo ari nomumwe, asi vakawanda zvinoita kuziva maindasitiri makuru akawanda.

1. Civil ouinjiniya.
2. Chemical indasitiri.
3. Glass.
4. Sipo.
5. Reongororo mapepa.
6. Food indasitiri.
7. Kugadzirwa detergents.
8. Karusiyamu carbonate - tsime simbi ions mumuviri zvipenyu.

Chimbofunga mienzaniso mishoma chaizvo carbonates, avo akafanana uye kukosha.

karusiyamu carbonate

Sezvambotaurwa pamusoro, nefuma - kuchiunza calcium ions Ca ²⁺ somunhu muviri. Uye ichi zvakakosha zvikuru. Pashure pezvose, vari munyaya tiine nguva ropa buffer hurongwa, tiri chikamu mapfupa, zvipikiri, bvudzi, kunosimbisa zino enamel.

Kana karusiyamu kushaikwa kuva zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira zvakadai ngozi sezvo mwoyo kukundikana, osteoporosis, Kumwe kuchinja kunotanga iri izvo yeziso, uye vamwe.

Mukuwedzera, karusiyamu carbonate rinoshandiswawo mumabhizimisi rokuvaka. Mushure zvose dzakasiyana dzayo - ndiko:

• choko;
• machena;
• reraimu.

Munyu deposits vakapfuma zvakakwana kuti munhu ane haazivani payo. Chinowanzoonekwa inotengeswa ndakanatswa chimiro piritsi chimiro, sezvo ari mufananidzo pazasi. Ichokwadi kuti karusiyamu wefodya kwazvo, zvinoda kuvapo vhitamini D.

mushaba

Munyu pamusoro carbonic asidhi - carbonates - zvinokosha munhu mudzimba purazi. Somuenzaniso, yavaibvisa carbonate, kana yavaibvisa carbonate, zvakafanana inonzi pasoda. Zvisinei, haisi pfuma, inova chikamu chinokosha pakugadzirira ndiro siyana. Kwete, munyu kushandiswa zvebhizimisi zvinangwa rokuchenesa imba hukawanika mishonga: bathtubs, rinosakara, midziyo, uye zvimwewo. Zvinonzi zvimwe soMunyengetero pasoda madota kana kuwacha, rinoshandiswa muna girazi kugadzirwa, sipo kugadzira.

The yemaitiro of yeimwe Na ₂ CO ₃ * 10 ₂ O. uyu aqueous munyu svikiro kwakakonzerwa crystalline hydrate. In hunhu, huri muchimiro zvicherwa zviri murwiyo wamatombo. mienzaniso:

• choushe;
• nakholit;
• thermonatrite.

Kazhinji anomira kubva algae, madota dzavo. Hazvina nzira iyi yaishandiswa kare kuti yakatsvuka mashoko kugadzirwa sipo kana kungoti kugeza yokuwachira. Most sezvo akapfuma chirimwa ine munyu iri solyanka sodonosnaya. Its kunonyanyisa chinogamuchirika nedota kubereka yavaibvisa carbonate.

potashi

The yokuita munyu carbonic acid, iro rine zita, - asi K ₂ CO _3. Zviri chena wakanaka crystalline hygroscopic upfu. Avhareji anhydrous munyu, iro rine solubility yakanaka chaizvo. remubatanidzwa iyi inozivikanwa nevanhu kwenguva refu, uye akahushandisa nhasi zvinowanzodavirwa. Anoreva zvakafanana zita:

• potassium carbonate;
• potashi;
• potashi.

The chikuru nzvimbo kushandiswa ndeinotevera.

1. Sezvo reagent ari dzinotsanagura mukugadzira mvura sipo.
2. Nokuti kwetunhu sekristaro uye Manyiminya magirazi, refractory girazi.
3. Nokuti värjäys kuti micheka.
4. Sezvo fetiraiza kuti zvirimwa.
5. Pakuvaka mabhizimisi - kuti kuderedza nechando achitandadza mumaturi.
6. The Photo Art.

Huru maindasitiri nzira kuwana munyu ichi - electrolysis calcium chloride. Kana hydroxide ichi chakaumbwa, izvo zvaanoita pamwe carbon dioxide inobvisa nokuumba potashi. Natural mbishi zvinhu - ndiko dota rekushongedzesa uye algae, pazviri zvirimowo zvikuru.

bicarb

Acid munyu wenyika carbonic asidhi hazvisi kumboderera pane avhareji. Saka, somuenzaniso, yavaibvisa bicarbonate, vane nzira NaHCO _3. Mumwe nezita rake, nani aizivikanwa zvose - kugocha pasoda. Externally, ndiko chena wakanaka upfu riri chaizvo soluble mumvura. Mukomboni isina kana pakutsamwisana pakarepo uchiora kupinda carbon dioxide, mvura uye yakakwirira munyu. Izvi zvinobvumira kushandiswa kubikira pasoda sechinhu buffer munyaya dzomunyika ezvinhu zvipenyu.

Uyewo, pane minda anoverengeka kushanda mukomboni:

• zvokudya (kunyanya confectionery) indasitiri;
• mushonga (nokuti mabatiro kutsva acids);
• kwemakemikari kwetunhu kweShanduro mapurasitiki, madhayi, furo mapurasitiki, mhuri makemikari;
• muchiedza uye Whitehead Textile indasitiri (mukugadzira matehwe uye kupedza sirika akamendwa etc.);
• Rinoshandiswa nenzira zvaAtemisi carbonated zvinodhaka uye siyana culinary madhishi;
• Yavaibvisa bicarbonate akapiwa pfapfaidzo.

karusiyamu carbonate

Izvi acidic munyu carbonic acid, - chikamu chakakosha riparadzirwe pasi. remubatanidzwa ichi zvinopa paumbwe kwenguva pfupi mvura pokuoma akaidamwa kufashaira. Muchiitiko ichi bicarbonate ndiyo karusiyamu carbonate kunoita vakawanda misha zvakasikwa, i.e. yavo inotevera kutenderera. The yokuita remubatanidzwa ichi - Ca (HCO _{3) 2.}