Carbon dioxide inobvisa

Carbon monoxide, morekuru chine rimwe chete atomu uye vaviri C maatomu, O (i.e. ukuru oxidation ose kabhoni izvo zvinotipa 4) inonzi carbon dioxide inobvisa (mamwe mazita: carbon dioxide, imwe anhydride pamusoro carbonic inouraya, carbon dioxide). fuma iyi kazhinji rakanyorwa CO2 samolecular payakavakirwa. Matadza guru iri 44,01 g / mol. In chitarisiko pasi kwomuzvarirwo mamiriro ezvinhu Carbon dioxide Hauoneki gasi. Yakaderera kuwanda risina kwakanaka, inova unopinza, anovava kwakanaka pa dzakakwirira kuwanda.

nhatu zvinogoneka uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. inoti ayo kuburikidza yakasiyana netsika yacho arambe achirema pakati makemikari hwokuratidza:

• zvikukutu (yakaoma chando); pana 1 ATM. uye tembiricha kuti -78,5 ° C - 1562 makirogiramu / m³;
• mvura (carbon dioxide inobvisa); panguva kumanikidzwa 56 ATM. uye tembiricha kuti +20 ° C - 770 makirogiramu / m³;
• gaseous; pana 1 ATM. uye tembiricha of 0 ° C - 1.977 makirogiramu / m³.

carbon dioxide inobvisa utsotso tembiricha yaiva -78 ° C, kipeniya- tembiricha kuti -57 ° C. The fuma yakanyauka nemvura pa 25 ° C uye kumanikidzwa 100 kPa solubility yakaenzana 1.45 g / l.

Carbon dioxide dzinongoitika namakemikari remubatanidzwa mukati morekuru okisijeni maatomu kuti kabhoni maatomu dzaibatanidzwa imwe covalent chisungo. The morekuru Carbon dioxide Linear uye centrosymmetric. Vose richibatanidza kabhoni maviri okisijeni maatomu vari noenderana (chokwadi, muri binary). The morekuru zvakafanana, ichibata hama wayo pakati, saka hakuna yemagetsi dipole nguva.

Carbon dioxide rokutanga gaseous makemikari, izvo kupera kuzvibatanidza mumhepo. Muzana nemanomwe remakore, Flemish kemisiti Jan Baptist Van Helmont akacherechedza kuti kana akapisa marasha mumudziyo rakavharwa, mukanyiwa of zvichizoita dota iri shoma zvikuru pane kwakajairika nemarasha. The ehupfumi kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa kunge akadzidza zvakawanda kwazvo muna 1750 maererano wokuScotland chiremba Joseph Black.

Carbon dioxide panguva mureza kumanikidzwa netembiricha ari Dzenyika mumhepo mari inenge 0,04% kubudikidza vhoriyamu. Under kabhoni kutenderera inozivikanwa photosynthesis, carbon dioxide inobvisa wefodya miti, algae, cyanobacteria. Somugumisiro, mvura achiumbwa uye makabhohaidhiretsi, asi izvi kwaitika chete pasi pokudzora chiedza. Carbon dioxide vaberekawo panguva combustion kuti marasha kana Mahydrocarbon, muna chinovira mvura uye mhepo panguva nedzinovengwa vanhu nemhuka. Uyezve, vabudiswa kuputika kwemakomo, zvitubu zvemvura inopisa, geysers.

The Earth muchadenga kuti carbon dioxide inobvisa kunoita basa rinokosha (absorbs uye mwaranzi ari chafariz michini range). Uyewo, uyu makemikari remubatanidzwa ndechimwe vanonyanya kupa achideredza ph penyanza: Kuparadzwa mvura, anoumba rimwe simba carbonic asidhi: CO2 + H2O ↔ H2CO3, sevasingakwanisi zvachose dissociate kupinda ions.

Carbon dioxide haritsigiri combustion uye afemeruke. Abatidza zhenje yayo mumhepo kuzodzimwa. Mhuka uye vanhu yakakwirira CO2 wevasungwa bitirirwa. Pana 3% wevasungwa mumhepo kufema anova kakawanda panguva 10% kurasikirwa pfungwa kunoitika, uye kukurumidza rufu, uye 20% kugutsikana kunokonzera nguva imwe dzomuviri.

Carbon dioxide kuti anhydride pakati carbonic acid, saka kunoratidzwa ne ehupfumi ari acidic oxide. Murabhoritari ndezvevakazvigadzirirwa nokuda zvokuverengera choko pamwe hydrochloric asidhi mune midziyo Kipp: CaCO3 + 2HCl → CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O. In indasitiri, zvinonzi zvinoberekwa chafariz manyowa kubva reraimu kana choko (zvishoma magnesite kana dolomite): CaCO3 → Cao + CO2. Kugadzirira muitiro kabhoni dioxide byproduct yakaderera tembiricha kupatsanurwa mhepo kupinda senitrogen uye oxygen. Munguva yedu, isu yakabereka chaiwo emagetsi kubudisa carbon dioxide inobvisa kubva mumhepo. emagetsi kwakadaro dzinoshandiswa kupa CO2 ari girinihausi kuti kusika yakanaka zvakatipoteredza zvinomera.

Carbon dioxide zvinowanzoshandiswa namakemikari zvirimwa. Rinoshandiswa kugadzira pasoda, nokuti kwetunhu Organic acids, nokuti zvaAtemisi zvinwiwa. Dry chando rinoshandiswa sezvo refrigerant Somuenzaniso, muna kugadzira waini. Carbon dioxide mumhepo akasikwa kudzivirira kuorera mazviri zvokudya, ramazambiringa chete pashure muunganidzwa uye asati kugadzirwa kwewaini.

Kugadzirwa carbon dioxide inobvisa kana liquefied carbon dioxide inobvisa rinoitwa kuti rokuzadza kabhoni yakasviba moto, izvo kushandiswa kudzima moto. Zvisinei, havagoni kuva ichizova nokudzimuka munhu nokuti chinokosha chikamu ndege emura CO2 runopwa, uye tembiricha zvikuru zvinoderedza (chinogona kukonzera frostbite) uye CO2 ari dzikwanise yakaoma chando. Carbonation yemanyorero kudzima zvinobata moto uye wiring. The mashandiro ndiko kugumisa kuwana kubva mumhepo okisijeni kubvuma kuti wechoto moto.