IMF inopangidza. Zvinangwa, zvinangwa uye basa iri sangano munyika

IMF (inopangidza - The International Monetary Fund) akasikwa muna 1944, panguva musangano Bretton Woods muUnited States. chinangwa chacho pakutanga akanzi sezvinotevera: kusimudzira pamwe dzakawanda mune mari, zvokutengeserana kuwedzera uye kukura, kuona mari kutsiga, kubatsirwa vachibhadhara pakati Member States uye achivapa nematurusi rokugadzirisa kusaenzana nechiyero vachibhadhara. Zvisinei, pamaitiro, basa Fund ipfupi kuti mari-grubbing kuti vashoma (kunyika uye transnational makambani), iyo, pakati nemamwe masangano, Kudzorwa, uye IMF. Ko zvikwereti IMF, kana IMF (decoding International Monetary Fund), kuti States vanoshayiwa? Sezvo basa Fund kuti sei munyika yose upfumi?

IMF: decoding pfungwa, mabasa uye mabasa

IMF anomirira International Monetary Fund, IMF (achiongorora zvaive acronyms) ari Russian shanduro ndiyo sezvinotevera: International Monetary Fund. Izvi Inter-Governmental sangano ndehwokuti kusimudzira mari pamwe pahwaro kubvunzana nhengo dzayo uye achivapa zvikwereti.

The chinhu ndiko kuwana yakasimba Foundation parity prices. Kuti izvi zvidaro, nhengo States kuzvigadzika goridhe uye US madhora, kubvumirana haana kuchinja kupfuura gumi muzana ari Fund pasina mvumo uye kutsauka mwero iri riri Implementation zvikuru remapazi pane chimwe muzana.

History uye Development Fund

Muna 1944, panguva Bretton Woods Conference muUnited States nevamiririri venyika mana vakasarudza kuumba zvakafanana hwaro pamwe zvoupfumi kuitira kudzivisa kuderedza, zvakaipira izvo zviri thirties Kwoupfumi Great, uyewo nokuda rokuchinjwa mari ichaita pakati rinoti pashure pehondo. Gore rakatevera, pahwaro mugumisiro musangano iri IMF yakatangwa.

The USSR akatora Zvinoshingaira ari musangano uye akasaina Act kusimbisa sangano, asi gare gare haana tsigira nayo, uye havana kubatanidzwa mune zviitwa. Asi nineties, mushure Soviet Union, Russia uye dzimwe nyika - dzaimbova nyika dzeSoviet akabatana IMF.

Muna 1999, IMF rakabatanidza munyika 182.

anotonga, mamiriro uye kupindurawo nyika

Kumuzinda UN Masangano kushandiswa - ari IMF - iri Washington. Dare rinodzora reInternational Monetary Fund ndiye Board nemagavhuna. Chinosanganisira gavhuna chaiko uye chinjana kubva neimwe nhengo nyika Fund.

The Executive Board ine 24 vatungamiriri, peboka munyika kana munhu nyika chikamu. Panyaya iyi, iyo administrative mukuru anogara ari European, uye ake Mutevedzeri rokutanga - American.

The guru mvumo chakaumbwa mipiro kubva States. Pari, nyika 188 vari nhengo IMF. Zvichienderana ukuru quotas inobhadharwa dzavo mavhoti anofanira kuparadzirwa pakati penyika.

IMF date dzinoratidza kuti nhamba huru mavhoti muridzi ne US (17.8%), Japan (6.13%), Germany (5.99%), iyo UK uye France (by 4.95%), Saudi Arabia (3 , 22%), Italy (4.18%) uye Russia (2.74%). Saka, United States seane soro nhamba mavhoti ndiyo chete nyika, iyo ine kurambidza pamusoro kupfuura dzinokosha dzinokurukurwa panguva IMF. Nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope (uye kwete navo chete) a kuvhota sezvaiitwa muUnited States.

The Fund muchinangwa upfumi munyika

IMF nguva monitors mari uye mari mitemo of Member States uye mamiriro upfumi pasi rose. Kuti izvi zvidaro, rimwe gore, yokubvunza hurumende masangano chokuita Exchange. Ukuwo, nhengo States anofanira kubvunza Fund pamusoro macroeconomic nyaya.

Countries vanoda IMF inopa zvikwereti kunyika kupa kuti chikwereti mari, izvo vanogona kushandisa zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana.

Mumakore okutanga maviri makore ayo wenyama, Fund akapa zvikwereti kunyanya dzakabudirira, asi zvino, basa iri rave refocused munyika dzichiri kubudirira. Zvinofadza kuti inenge imwe nguva kutanga kwavo inotungamirwa chiNazi ichitongwa hurongwa munyika.

Nyika mamiriro ezvinhu kuti kuwana chikwereti kubva IMF

Kuti nhengo States of sangano aigona kuwana chikwereti kubva IMF, vanofanira kusangana nhevedzano ezvinhu enyika uye zvoupfumi.

Izvi zviri kuitika yakabuda munzvimbo eighties remakore rechimakumi maviri, uye chete anoramba kuomesa pamwe nguva.

IMF-Bank anoda kuita chirongwa, izvo, chokwadi, havasi kusiya nyika akabuda dambudziko, uye kuti nokutorerwa mari, zvoupfumi kukura uye kugumisa Kushatiswa evanhu ezvinhu vomuUmambo zvavo.

Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muna 2007 raiva dambudziko rakasimba of IMF sangano. Decoding pose zvoupfumi kudzikira 2008, maererano vaongorori zvemari, zvichida, waiva mugumisiro wayo. Hapana aida kutora sangano zvikwereti, uye avo nyika vakaagamuchira kare kutsvaka mberi nguva kubhadhara chikwereti.

Asi paiva yose dambudziko, zvose yakawira panzvimbo, uye kunyange zvakawanda. IMF somugumisiro kwakawedzera pfuma yaro muna katatu uye sei upfumi nyika kunyange zvakawanda.