Pasi muchadenga: nhoroondo nechitarisiko uye mamiriro

The Earth muchadenga - a gaseous hamvuropu nyika yedu. Zviya, kufanana goko vane dzinenge zvose mitumbi yokudenga, kubva nemapuraneti zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri kuti makuru asteroids. The anoumba chadenga anoenderana zvinhu zvizhinji - kukura ari yokudenga muviri, ayo kumhanya, uremu uye zvimwe yakatarwa parameters. Asi goko yedu rine hurongwa anotigonesa kuti tirarame.

Pasi muchadenga: nezvenhoroondo pfupi matangiro

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pakutanga ivepo, redu harina ndambobata gaseous hamvuropu. Asi wechiduku, richangobva kuumbwa zvomuchadenga muviri nguva dzose Virtual. chadenga Primary Wepasi yakaumbwa somugumisiro kuramba kuputika kwemakomo. Izvi zvakadaro nokuti zviuru zvemakore zvakawanda pasi pose mumuhara aumba kubva chiutsi, senitrogen, carbon nezvimwe zvinhu (kunze okisijeni).

Sezvo uwandu mwando mumhepo ishoma, zvino nderwevaya ikava kunonaya - saka gungwa kuumbwa, makungwa uye dzimwe miviri mvura. Mugore hwemvura ezvinhu akaonekwa uye yakatanga zvinenge rokutanga kuti vazadze nyika. Vazhinji vavo anechekuita miriwo zvinenge, generating okisijeni kubudikidza photosynthesis. Saka, pasi muchadenga vakatanga kuzadza gasi ichi chinokosha. Somugumisiro, accumulations akaumbwa okisijeni uye ozone rukoko iyo inodzivirira nyika kubva kukuvadza kunoita ultraviolet mwaranzi. zvinhu izvi, uye akasika zvinhu kuti kuvapo kwedu.

Nemamiriro Nyika muchadenga

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, ari gaseous hamvuropu iri nyika ine anoverengeka akaturikidzana - ndiko troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere. Hazvibviri vaswedere miganhu zvakajeka pakati akaturikidzana izvi - zvose zvinoenderana nenguva gore uye Latitude yepasi kuti nharaunda.

Troposphere - rezasi chikamu gasbag, ane kureba iri avhareji 10 kusvika 15 makiromita. Izvi apo pfungwa dzakawanda mumhepo mhepo. Nenzira pano zvose unyoro uye nezvimiro namakore. Nokuda okisijeni zviri troposphere inotsigira zvokurarama nazvo zviri zvipenyu zvose. Uyezve, zvinokosha pakugadzirwa ekunze uye okunze zvechadenga nzvimbo - paine akaumba kwete makore chete, asi mhepo. The tembiricha shoma kukwira.

Stratosphere - troposphere rinotanga kubva uye inoguma ari nekukwirira 50 kusvika 55 makiromita. Pano, tembiricha kunowedzera nokukwirira. mugove ichi zvomumhepo pane substantially isina mvura mhute, asi ane ozone rukoko. Dzimwe nguva unogona kuchengeta paumbwe "mai neparera" makore, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa chete usiku - zvinonzi vaidavira kuti anomiririrwa zvakasimba yaiitwa yakapfupikiswa mvura mumate.

The mesosphere - anotambanudza 80 makiromita. rukoko Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa rakapinza ichidonhedzera tembiricha sezvo chinofamba kumusoro. It yakatangawo mhirizhonga zvakasimba. Panzira, ari mesosphere vari aumba vanonzi "noctilucent makore", iyo ine crystals duku chando - vanogona kuonekwa chete usiku. Zvinofadza kuti pane rokumusoro muganhu mesosphere iri rinenge hakuna mhepo - zviri 200 nguva shoma pane kuti pedyo pepasi.

Thermosphere - ndiro pamusoro rukoko enyika gasbag, sezvamakaropafadzwa kusiyanisa pakati ionosphere uye exosphere. Zvinofadza kuti kukwirira tembiricha pano ichibuda kwazvo nehasha - panguva imwe kukwira pamusoro 800 chete kubva panyika zviri kupfuura 1,000 Celsius. Ionosphere Paaiita liquefied zvakasimba mhepo uye yakakwirira zviri vanoshingaira ions. Kana exosphere, chikamu ichi zvomumhepo zvakanaka kupinda interplanetary muchadenga. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti thermosphere harina mhepo pachayo.

Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti paNyika mhepo - iri rinokosha chaizvo chikamu yedu, iyo inogara iri mutsindo chinokonzera chidzoke roupenyu. Inopa zvokurarama nazvo, kutsigira kuvapo hydrosphere (mvura goko yepasi) uye kunodzivirira UV nemwaranzi.