The anoumba chadenga

The Earth muchadenga ane mhepo hamvuropu nyika, izvo zvinosanganisira gasi uye netsvina zvakadai seguruva, munyu, kana nemvura combustion zvigadzirwa, uwandu kwavo hakusi kugara, mukusiyana kuti gasi wevasungwa. Funga muudzame anoumba chadenga gasi ave chikamu senitrogen - 78% Kwezvokudya Nemiti - 21%, xenon - 8.7% rehydrogen - 5%, nitrous oxide - 5% nehelium zvakare - 4,6%, neon - 1.8 %, methane - 1,7% krypton - 1,1% argon - 0,9%, mvura - 0.5% uye carbon dioxide - 0,03%.

The anoumba chadenga zvinosanganisira mvura mhute, iyo zvichisiyana munguva uye nzvimbo uye icharwirwa ari troposphere. Anokwanisa kushandura uye carbon dioxide, ayo kugutsikana kunobva munhu uye upenyu chirimwa. Aerosol nezvimedu zvinoberekwa mabasa evanhu, kakawanda zvinowanikwa troposphere uye pane imwe kureba kwazvo, asi mukupera nyaya dziri mishonga diki.

Nokudaro, anoumba chadenga zvinosiyana zvichienderana kukwira. Munguva akaturikidzana kuti vari pedyo pasi, nhamba yemabhuku carbon dioxide inobvisa inowedzera uye okisijeni - ipfupi. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo kunowedzera chikamu methane uye mamwe magasi kuti dzinobatsira kuparadzwa ozone layer pakuonekwa girinihausi maturo uye nemvura inonaya iine acid. About 10% nouipi mumhepo somugumisiro dzinongoitika kwendangariro. Somuenzaniso, kuputika kwemakomo madota achawira mariri, sulfuric nezvimwewo acids, uyewo muchetura magasi. Uyewo, nesarufa panobva kubatana zvasara zvinomera, yomugungwa mumate uye dondo moto. Uyezve, achangopfuura pave kusunungurwa VOC (kugadzikana Organic yeimwe). The yasara 90% nouipi, inova chikamu mumhepo kuwira somugumisiro webasa kwevanhu. Izvi zvingava Somuenzaniso, utsi choutsi, kukurwa kwevhu, tsvina okuchengetera uye zvichingodaro.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti muchadenga ane akaturikidzana shanu, miganhu izvo takatsunga kubudikidza tembiricha kuchinja, zvichienderana kusiyana Absorção de Água nemwaranzi.

Saka, rezasi rukoko (troposphere) anogamuchira magasi kubva pasi pevhu. Troposphere rinokwana mbiri huru inovhuvhuta zvinoriumba, senitrogen uye okisijeni. Uyewo, rukoko urwu ane yakawanda aerosols uye chiutsi inoyerera kuburikidza kwemvura pachiso mvura yomugungwa.

Izvi uchiteverwa stratosphere, iro rine yakafanana sezvamunoita kuna troposphere. Zvisinei, pano uwandu mvura mhute munguva kane chiuru zvishoma, uye ozone ane chiuru nguva zvikuru.

Uyewo, anoumba chadenga chinosanganisira chepfu zvakasiyana siyana kuti vaisvibise ndizvo uye kukuvadza zvipenyu. Funga zvimwe vavo.

1. Sarufa yakasviba chaibwinya mumhepo nokuda kwemvura mvura yegungwa, achine magasi nezvimwe zviwanikwa urongwa, uyewo combustion peturu. Hezvo zvaanoita nemvura mhute kuumbika sulfuric acid.

2. Carbon dioxide inoumbwa ne combustion huni mafuta uye fodya, uyewo womukati injini.

3. VOC (isoprene, terpene uye methane) yakaumbwa nokuda mabasa kwemakemikari zvinomera, chafariz simba zvinomera, uyewo kwemvura ine mwando ari mupunga yecocoa kana marshes.

4. oxide (yakasviba) senitrogen achiumbwa pamwe kushayikwa okisijeni iri combustion peturu, uye kana yakawanda kuti chiutsi magasi uye choutsi mu chafariz simba miti.

5. Photo-oxidants (mugango, formaldehyde, ozone) yakabereka somugumisiro nemakemikari kuitika chete chikamu chezvinhu zuva mwaranzi.

Saka pasi muchadenga zvinosanganisira vazhinji zvakasiyana zvinhu uye zvinhu. Vamwe vavo zvinokosha kuramba nebasa zvipenyu panyika, vamwe kutamba navo pernicious basa, naivowo kuparadzwa kwavo. Naizvozvo zvakakodzera kuti vave nechokwadi kuti muchadenga kugamuchira yakawanda zvinokuvadza izvo zvinogona zvishoma nezvishoma kunoshayisa.