Zone Arctic mumarenje

Pane panyika rinokosha chaizvo ndima: nechokumusoro kumucheto Asia uye kuchamhembe chikamu yeAmerica, uyewo ndima chitsuwa chiri Arctic, ari polar miganhu mapazi wakakomberedzwa.

Chii nzvimbo kweArctic murenje? Chokutanga, zviri chaiyo ezvinhu, apo pasina hwakajeka nokupesana mukati mwaka. Pane kungoti ndiyo yechando, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva polar usiku tembiricha kuzvidzora, kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi pakati gumi mashanu madhigirii ine kubvisa chiratidzo, uye chirimo pfupi chaizvo pamwe polar zuva uye tembiricha asingachengeti kusapfuudza razero mucherechedzo pamusoro lämpömittari.

arctic nzvimbo mugwenga ane chaizvo nomunzvimbo dzine ice uye chando akafukidza husingagumi chitsuwa nharaunda. The rezvitsuwa Franz Josef akafukidza chando seven masere muzana, chitsuwa Novaya Zemlya kuchamhembe - mana muzana, uye Ushakov chitsuwa anenge chose icebound. Severnaya Zemlya (zviwi) kusvika mana namashanu muzana rinosanganisira nhoo chando makumi maviri.

Mugore Russian kweArctic mapazi pamusoro perenje anosanganisira nzvimbo kubva kuchamhembe kupfuura pfungwa (Franz Josef Land) zvikuru kumaodzanyemba (Wrangel Island), chitsuwa pakati Novaya Zemlya, New Siberian Islands, kuNorthern nyika, kumucheto Taimyr Peninsula uye kweArctic makungwa yaiva mukati munzvimbo iyi.

arctic gwenga nzvimbo yakafukidzwa nesinou uye icebound gore rose. Precipitation Falls pano chaizvo kashoma. zvazvingava ravo wepagore akaenzana 200-300 millimeters, uye vari vanomiririrwa kunyanya nokuda chando uye chando. Okunze kweArctic mumarenje yakawedzera nemhepo simba, kakawanda gobvu bvungapfunga uye yakakwirira namakore.

Zvakazorodza zvitsuwa zvikuru zvakafanana. Zviri sandara bani romumhenderekedzo yegungwa munzvimbo uye makomo marefu ari mumhuri zvekutepfenyura. Monotonous sandara kusunungurwa maitire chete New Siberian Islands. Pazvitsuwa kweArctic nharaunda yaimbova Soviet Union, anenge makumi mashanu nezvitanhatu namazana mativi metres nzvimbo ndiyo nzvimbo chando. Ice jira ukobvu akaenzana mazana matatu New Earth, North paNyika - maviri namakumi Franz Josef Land - zana mamita. Kunonyanyisa inokwana permafrost (kuchamhembe Taimyr Peninsula) kwazvo mamita mazana mashanu.

Chii zvingakushamisa kweArctic mugwenga mapazi tichitarisa zvinomera? Zvakanaka, Zvinoshamisa kungoratidza chokwadi kuti zviripo permafrost wongoramba. Zvachose, nzvimbo iyi inonzi murenje, sezvo nemiti iri murombo uye monotonous. Chirimwa pabutiro chakabvamburanyiwa, uye zvachose unhani asingadi kupfuudza matanhatu nemashanu muzana. Uye menzvimbo pazvitsuwa (makomo, zvikomo) akazadza hapana zvinopfuura zvitatu muzana. Zvinomera nharaunda chinomiririrwa mosses, lichens (kunyanya crustose), algae. Flowering nezvinomera Arctic anopa blackgrass Alpine, Arctic pickerel, buttercup, kamenolomkoy chando, Arctic Poppy. Matatu nemakumi mashanu mhando yepamusoro zvirimwa ndiwo kweArctic chitsuwa kasvisto, hunhu chiri yakasiyana kuchamhembe chikamu rwezasi.

Kana kuchamhembe chikamu chezvinhu Taimyr Peninsula kunoratidzwa Arctic murenje uswa-chikwindi, zasi - the New Siberian Islands - anotsiviwa mune urombo murenje shrub-chikwindi pamwe veMubatanidzwa iri polar the willow uye saxifrage. Asi chando mapazi rwezasi, uyewo inopiwa Arctic murenje shrub-chikwindi - iri tsime kunyatsobudirira shrub rukoko pamwe polar uye kweArctic the willow uye Dryads.

Nokuda yakaderera zvinomera negoho fauna of arctic gwenga mapazi ari murombo zvikuru; lemmings uye arctic makava, polar mabheya uye dzimwe nzvimbo Reindeer, walruses uye nemicherechedzo. In Zimbabwe musk nzombe anogona kuwanikwa. Rocky kumhenderekedzo muzhizha - nzvimbo ichitongwa nesting seabirds. Loon uye Gaviota, Guillemot dema Guillemot, hanzi uye, chokwadi, chando zizi anomiririra umambo shiri kurarama akaoma ezvinhu nechando murenje.