Pfungwa relativity uye dema maburi muchadenga

Black maburi muchadenga chimwe chezvinhu zvinoshamisa mananara zvakasikwa, nesayenzi yemazuva ano. Kuvapo kwavo akanga afanotaura Albertom Eynshteynom zvakawanda rokutanga kota XX remakore.

Dzidziso relativity, kubatana pakati nzvimbo uye nguva

Mukupera XIX remakore, wefizikisi kwainzi kushanda aneta pacharwo sainzi. Masayendisiti vaifunga kuti zvose zvakavanzika zvakasikwa zviri kugadziriswa, uye mudziyo ambient nyika kuda kutsanangurwa zvizere mukati yechinangwa yaivapo pfungwa nesayenzi. Somugumisiro, zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa akapa zvinoshamisa zvisingatarisirwi nhau kuti yefizikisi. Young panguva iyoyo sayenzi - wethermodynamics - vakaona kuti Mashoko chiedza haina akatsanangura nemitemo dzenhoroondo Newtonian makanika. Chinetso ichi dzatora pfungwa masayendisiti munyika yose. Takakwanisa kurigadzirisa jaya mushandi ari Patent Office Switzerland. zita rake rainzi Albertom Eynshteynom. Akasika mufananidzo wenyika - Pfungwa relativity - zvachose akazoziva zvokuisa vanhu pamusoro mudziyo wezvose. Pakati mimwe migumisiro dzidziso relativity kunoshamisa yakapedzisa vasingasiyani kubatana pakati nguva uye nzvimbo. Pasina vachipinda mashoko, tinogona kutaura kuti mwero chokubuda nguva chaiyo munhu (kana chero chinhu - munhu dzakadaro bhuku) ndiyo chokuita mwero kufamba muchadenga. Zviri chose segirazi daily prices dzinowanikwa kwatiri. Zvisinei, kana muviri kuwedzera nokukurumidza pedyo kumhanya chiedza, uchatanga zvishamiso - nguva rinoreva kumboderera. Pfungwa iyi yave kakawanda akaziva ari renyaya yacho XX remakore.

The curvature nzvimbo uye nguva, dema maburi muchadenga

Chimwe mhedziso kunakidza Einstein ndechokuti muchadenga uye nguva unogona chaizvoizvo vanokunga pasi simba regiravhiti. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nguva inopfuura zvishoma nezvishoma, kwete chete nokuti nyaya inoita, asi pedyo muhombe chaizvo miviri. Uye pedyo iwe kusvika pariri, zvikuru nguva DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA.

Sezvo gangaidzo sezvo zvinganzwika, asi pasi pauriri nguva skyscraper zvinonyanya chakayerwa pane wamakumi. Asi zvakare, nokuda duku kukura muchadenga mitemo Nyika, hatingambodi cherechedzai. Musiyano uri millionths chechipiri. Saka ndiyo curvature nzvimbo. Zvinongoreva anokotama nenzira hombe muviri, chaizvoizvo kudhonza iye kuvhara giravhiti ake. Nechekare kubva chokwadi ichi raireva kuti mumakomba dema muchadenga angawanika. Mukana miviri yakadaro vaifungidzira pamberi kuwanikwa relativity, masayendisiti ari XVIII remakore naJohane Mitchell. Zvisinei, kutanga ichiidzwa pachishandiswa equations Einstein vake, mumwe musayendisiti German - Karl Schwarzschild.

The zvinosimbisa Einstein pfungwa yacho curvature nzvimbo yokutanga inoshanda hwakasimbiswa 1919 apo Chirungu zvomuchadenga Arthur Mukutirwa akasimbisa kuti chiedza chenyeredzi dziri kure kupfuura pedyo Sun, chaizvoizvo wakarerekera. Zviri hombe muviri, kuti haisi Maberere parutivi rwayo ose mitumbi ichibhururuka apfuura iye uye mwaranzi yechiedza, asi kukwezva navo amene. On Earth kutumira muviri muchadenga, unofanira kuzvipa kuva nokumhanya 11.2 makiromita por wechipiri. Izvi zvinonzi kupukunyuka velocity. Asi pamusoro kwakanyanya nyika, somuenzaniso Jupiter, zvaizoda kumhanya uye, naizvozvovo, nesimba rakawanda. Uye fungidzira kuti vatema maburi muchadenga - zviri zvokuti gobvu zvinhu vavo vanopukunyuka velocity kumusoro 300 000 km / s. Izvi zvinoreva kuti chiedza haagoni kuzvikurira udo. Uye kana munhu mutema buri muchadenga hazvirevi chiedza ngakurege, kubva havagoni kunzvenga chinhu. Sezvo, maererano relativity pfungwa, mashoko velocity chiedza ndicho chikuru zvinoita nokukurumidza zvakasikwa.

The ano maonero nzvimbo. Black makomba kuti astrophysicists mepu

Nhasi, masayendisiti vakawana anopfuura chiuru zvinhu mudenga usiku, izvo kuonekwa makomba vatema. Kuoma kunzwisisa hwakamira tsanangudzo ndechokuti izvi zvinhu zvisingagoni kuitwa zvakananga. Vanogona kuonekwa chete nomufambiro nawo mitumbi yokudenga. Saka, pakati emapoka vakawanda hombe negurumwandira mumakomba vatema, pakavakirwa dzitendererane mabhiriyoni enyeredzi. Kusanganisira yedu Gwara Way.