Ancient uzivi hwechiGiriki

The ano nyika budiriro - isina kunanga chigadzirwa tsika Greek yekare. Ancient uzivi hwechiGiriki - kukosha chikamu. Pachishandiswa inonyanya pfungwa, tinosiyanisa matanho akawanda kuburikidza iyo vakapfuura nouzivi uye tsika kare zvavo.

Step One. Mabviro uzivi uye ayo inotungamirwa. Rokutanga hafu VI remakore BC. e, chikamu Asia Minor Greece -. Ionia aiva paMireto. Pane Greek wekare chikoro chokutanga, yainzi Milesian. Pazviri ndezvaJehovha Anaximander, Thales, Anaximenes, uye vadzidzi vavo.

Step Two. Maturity uzivi, maruva ayo (pamwe V musi IV BC), ari kuva zvikoro: Atomists, uye Pythagorean vaSophist. Danho iri chokuita mazita avakuru nevafungi - Socrates, Aristotle, Plato.

Step zvitatu. Muuzivi iri kusangana kuderera. Nguva Latin nouzivi. Chinonyanya iziviswe panguva Hellenistic Philosophy - kusava nechokwadi, Stoicism, Epicureanism.

Kana isu kugutsikana zindoga nepfungwa dzouzivi, tinowana zvinotevera:

• klassiske mangwanani (pre-Socratics, zvakasikwa): "Physis", "Space" uye ayo mamiriro;
• klassiske svikiro (akacheka pamwe zvakasikwa ake chikoro);
• klassiske mukuru (Aristotle uye Plato, uye zvikoro zvavo).

Ndezvipi zvinhu muuzivi? Dzinoratidzwa antiikki yekare uzivi hwechiGiriki generalized zvokuvamba zivo yesayenzi, zvaanorumbidza ari mananara kuitika zvakasikwa, uyewo nebudiriro nemagariro uye pfungwa esayenzi East. Nokuti ichi rinokosha mhando nemaonero hwokuratidza cosmocentrism. The hunhu uye zvinhu - the macrocosm, imwe mhando yokudzokorora kwenyika, murume - the Microcosm. Ndicho chikuru musimboti, izvo subjugates ari kuratidzwa kwevanhu, inonzi mugumo. In iyi pundutso kuva akarongeka uye sayenzi neruzivo, iyo inotungamira, uyewo, kuti nemamwe ibatanidzo zvokuvamba zivo yesayenzi pamwe aesthetic kuziva uye rengano. Mubvunzo: sei uzivi ari kuratidzwa ichi akaberekwa muGirisi yekare?

Mamiriro ezvinhu, inobatsira kuti maumbirwo inoreva, pakutanga kwezvose, norusununguko vakafunga vaGiriki vekare, kwakakonzerwa yakananga rechitendero Greece yekare: chitendero havana chokuita zvikuru kwazvo mutemo mumagariro uye munhu upenyu. Pakati pavaGiriki, hapana vanhu vakaderera youpristi, rine simba zvakadaro dzimwe inoti vokumabvazuva. Greek zvinotendwa hamukumbiri saizvozvo kuchinja upenyu, vaviri nomusi mumwe chete East. Kusiyana neizvi, pakanga gwanza kuti rezvedzidzo, kuzvidzora kutsvaka. Kuti tiwane kutanga upenyu. Zvinofadza kanenge, uye kuti ichi nguva kunoratidzwa basa, izvo runoratidzwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zviri ndichibvunza Colonisation Resettlement (kubvira VII remakore BC). Tichienzanisa yakapoteredza ndakagara avanhu, achirova inopenya kusarudzwa navaGiriki mabasa, vaitamira famba uye vachida. Vanotovimba chete pamusoro pachavo, mano avo, apo vachiratidza kwechokwadi, yainakidza kufarira nyika zvakamupoteredza.

Ancient nouzivi hwechiGiriki, cosmocentrism

Sezvatinoziva, muna VI-IV remakore BC ndiye nokukurumidza maruva ari philosophy, uye tsika zvarwo. Panguva ino, nyika itsva akasikwa, chiratidzo itsva munyika dzayo mudziyo, dzidziso pezvakasikwa, unova kutanga nhasi ruzivo uye zvakawanikwa. Land (uye zvose pamusoro payo), chiedza uye kokudenga akafukidza pedyo namahwindo nzvimbo ine idenderedzwa chimiro, tichigara kutenderera: zvose ipapo, zvose runoyerera, zvose kuchinja. Asi hapana anoziva pane anodzoka apo uye kupi. Vamwe vazivi vanoti zvose zviri inobva vakanzwisisa kutsinga dzinouya okunze (moto, mvura, okisijeni, pasi uye Apeiron), vamwe tsanangura kwemasvomhu maatomu zvose (the Pythagoreans), vamwe ndinoona hwaro asingaoneki, rimwe chisikwa (Eleatics), wechina anonzi ari bedrock pamusoro indivisible maatomu (Democritus), yechishanu vanoti nyika chete somumvuri, mugumisiro Kuziva pfungwa. Chokwadi, mirayiridzo zvose ikozvino sokuti mano uye dzisingapindirani, wakanga usati pakuziva kuti uzivi kunogona kuva tsika dzakasiyana. Zvisinei V remakore BC (Plato uye Democritus) anopa mbiri dzinopikisana mitsetse zvakajeka mavara. The hondo pakati Mitsetse izvi anoenda rose nouzivi ...