Zvikoro wokutanga Rus

Pakutanga, muna Rus yekare 'dzidzo hakurevi basa rinokosha, sezvo kuwedzera vana boyars akapfuma uye anokudzwa mhuri, hapana aigona kudzidza sayenzi. Unorema vakawanda vaiva vanhuwo zvavo, avo masikati novusiku mubasa kubudiswa munyika dzavo, neminda tenzi wake. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu akatanga kuchinja panguva kubhabhatidzwa Rus.

Nyanzvi uye vanyori venhoroondo vanofungidzira kuti chikoro rokutanga kwazvo Russia chakatangwa shure mugore 988 muguta Kiev. mashoko kwakadaro kunoenderana zvizere yakakurumbira Chronicle "The zvakaedza yakapfuura Years". Zvakaratidza kuti chidzoke okudzidziswa Kievan Rus akatanga chete apo Prince Vladimir Mukuru akatanga kuitisa rubhabhatidzo vanhu. Uyezve, zviri zita muchinda uyu zvinoratidzwa zvemadzimambo sezvo muvambi chikoro yokutanga Kyivan Rus. The chirevo wakaraira muna kwamachinda uye boyars 'mhuri kuunganidza zvose vana uye ndivaise chikoro chokurovedza Book Business. Asi kudzidziswa yakanga panoonekwa zhinji sokutambudzwa. Amai haana kunzwisisa nei Zviripiko kuzorega vana vavo. Ndokusaka vakachema navo, uye achiti bhayibhayi kuvana, kana vanoenda kune mamwe kuparadzwa zvakasimba.

Yakatangwa Prince Vladimir wechikoro akanga rinonzi "bhuku kudzidza", uye imba huru chevanorwara chaiyo. Hazvina chete vakadzidziswa kuverenga nokunyora, sayenzi asiwo vamwe. The chikoro aiva okuverengwa vadzidzi vanenge 300, uye vakakamurwa muzvikwata zvidiki, mumwe nomumwe mudzidzisi wayo akadzidzisa. Pashure paizvozvo, vakawanda chikoro anogona kuonekwa dzemamongi uye mutemberi. Kokutanga, shoko rokuti "chikoro" akazviratidza Russia chete muna ra1382, apo European tsika, izwi akatanga kunan'anura zvikoro apo vanhu vaidzidziswa rwokugadzira uye akapa specialized ruzivo.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti mufambiro kuchikoro yaitonga Prince Vladimir aigona chete vakomana, uye wokutanga nyaya kudzidza kwavo raiva bhizimisi bhuku. Zvaidavirwa kuti vanhu vanofanira zvakawanda kunyatsogona pakukurukurirana, uye vanasikana havazivi tsamba, sezvo ivo vava mistresses yemberi, uye mabasa avo chete kupinda yakarurama zvarinoroora wemba. Uye kuita ichi kuziva gwaro hakusi zvakakodzera.

Yakanga chete muna May 1086 muRussia kune wokutanga vakadzi yekoreji yakavambwa Prince Vsevolod Yaroslavovich. Uyezve, mwanasikana wake, Anna Vsevolodovna panguva misoro pachikoro, uye anodzidzisa nesayenzi. pano chete vasikana vaduku kubva mupfumi mhuri aigona kudzidza kuverenga nokunyora, uye ounyanzvi akasiyana-siyana. Pakutanga 1096 kuchikoro kare vanotanga kuzarura mhiri Russia. chikoro The vakatanga kuonekwa mumaguta makuru akadai Moore, Vladimir uye Polotsk, uye kazhinji yakavakwa dzemamongi uye mutemberi. Saka, vapristi vaionekwa muRussia vanhu vakadzidza zvikuru. Kubvira muzana remakore rechi15 kupfungwa pa dzemamongi vakarega kuvaka, uye varipo private zvikoro, iyo panguva iyoyo vainzi "kudzora ratification."

Pasinei uku kuwedzera kuvaka zvivako yedzidzo, chikoro achiri asina yakafara akaparadzirwa munharaunda Russia. Dzidzo iri Kievan Rus rakarongwa zvakanyatsorongwa uye kwose kwose. Ndokusaka, chikoro yokutanga nokusingaperi hwaivapo kuRussia, asi kwete richiwedzera uye zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kuderera. Zvakange chete mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17, kudzidza sayenzi uye hwemashiripiti muzvikoro atanga hutsva. Munguva Peter 1 akazarura chikoro yokutanga muguta Kiev pamusoro hurongwa nesayenzi, mambo akadana danho idzva iri paumbwe mumwe munhu. Zvisinei, pano, zvichiri kuwana chete vana anokudzwa mhuri, asi vanoda kutumira vana vavo kudzidza zvawanzwa. Muzvikoro zvose vadzidzisi rechi17 akadzidzisa nyaya dzakadai yomutauro uye chiLatin.

Yakanga kubvira panguva Peter 1, vanyori venhau dzakabatanidza zvinonyatsooneka munyika rokudzidzisa bhora. Panguva ino, svinudzai kwete chete kune zvivako kuchikoro dzakanga dzakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura chikoro yokutanga, asi zvikoro zvitsva uye lyceums. The chikuru uye rokumanikidzirwa nyaya chidzidzo vari masvomhu, kufamba uye mishonga.