Queen Tamara kare hurumende. Icon, imba Queen Tamara

Wanda Queen Tamara rinoreva yakasiyana vakadzi munhoroondo yenyika, iyo akaronga pakuzadzisa vanhu zvavo zvomudzimu. Pashure kwake ushe anoramba yakanakisisa tsika uye sezvivako. Fair, akatendeseka uye akachenjera, izvozvo akagadza enyika yakasimba chinzvimbo nyika yake Asia Minor, anokunda mundima izvo hamuzi yomuzuva ranhasi Georgia. Nguva yake yokutonga nokusingaperi kuramba munhoroondo se "The Golden Age." Economic, zvetsika nemagariro nezvematongerwe nokubudirira Georgia panguva iyoyo zvachose inotumidzwa mambokadzi kwayo.

nhaka

Vamwe chokwadi paupenyu Tamara nhasi kuramba rakazaruka kusvikira pakuguma. Makore oupenyu uchiri nharo dzakaitika, asi anofungidzirwa akaberekerwa Tsarina Tamara muna 1166. Vabereki vomusikana akanga akafanana kubva mhuri chakanaka: mai vake rakanga mukunda Alan mambo, uye baba vake vaiva munhu anozivikanwa genus Bagration uye yakanga panguva yokuberekwa mambo anotonga.

Apo Tamara aiva nemakore gumi, Georgia mhirizhonga rakatanga, zvainanga vachipidigura hurumende baba vake George III. Akatungamirira kumukira mwanakomana mumwe wehama George - Demeter uye mukarahwa Orbeli wake, uyo panguva iyoyo aiva mukuru vokuGeorgia mauto. Apo kupandukira woutsinye namambo ano, zvakava pachena kudiwa kuti kugadzwa mhemberero.

Paaiva musikana mumhuri vakakura pasina nevanin'ina George, vakasarudza kusiya chigaro pashure porufu rwake, Tamara. Yaiva mhaka tsika Georgian pachigaro dzaidzidziswa nomukadzi. Kubvira 1178 mwanasikana wangu akava co-mutongi wenyika baba vake George III. Sarudzo yavo yokutanga pamwe aiva kuitwa mutongo werufu matsotsi, mbavha, uye kusikwa chiziviso hoc boka iri kutsvaka kwavo.

6 Makore pashure panopindwa Tamara mune dzezvematongerwo ake mamiriro kunobva rufu George III uye ropafadzo vanhu ava mubvunzo kunenge kugadzwa uye feasibility pamusoro accession vomusikana. In nyasha vasikana iye airidza yokuti Georgian nyika akambopiwa akasarudzwa nomujenya nevaapostora uye mhandara kuparadzira mukadzi wake wechiKristu akatuma - St. Nina. Saka blagovernaya Queen Tamara pakupedzisira kubatikana choushe.

Wokutanga wehurumende nadzurudzo

Ushe Queen Tamara akatanga kusunungurwa chechi mitero uye zvakavakodzera. unyanzvi vanhu vakasarudzwa kuti nzvimbo vashumiri uye vatungamiriri vehondo. Mumwe venhoroondo yakati kuti panguva yokutonga varimi wake akamuka kune ropafadzo kirasi, vanokudzwa akava madzishe uye vanatenzi kare vakadzokera.

Kuwanda pedyo vanhu Tamara akasuma Archbishop Antonio Chkondid uyo kamwe kuzoripira Samtavisskuyu diocese uye guta Kisiskhevi. Mutungamiriri, akawana mumwe wavanin'ina akakurumbira Armenian zvemarudzi Mkhargrdzeli - Zekaria. Munun'una Ivane vakananga kumuzinda upfumi. Machinda vakaziva chiKristu kwakazviisa kubudikidza nekereke Armenian, akadana kutenda Armenian, uye airemekedzwa Orthodox. The venhoroondo vanoti kuti Ivane pava paya curvature kutenda uye asi vokuArmenia vakagamuchira chiKristu.

Nezvibvumirano aikudzwa mukadzi kugarwa pamusoro mubvunzo kuchinja zvematongerwo enyika rokuGeorgia. Mumwe Kutlu Arslan vakaronga boka kuti akabvunza kusikwa yakazvimirira muviri panguva youmambo mudare. Vakasarudzwa zviso kure-akadzitora, masangano aifanira kubata zvose nyaya ehurumende pasina kuvapo pamisangano zvikuru Tamara. Queen akaramba chete Executive ushande. Kusunga Kutlu Arslan akamutsa vateveri vake, uye ipapo nedzenyu akurukure revapanduki vakakundwa wokupedzisira Tamara. The purogiramu kugadzirisa mamiriro kuita zvinhu, akatungamirira Kutlu Arslan akakundikana.

anoyamura mabasa

Kutanga kwake basa, Tamara vakati convening kereke kanzuru. In chimwe mumakore kwake aizivikanwa sekuru vake, Dhavhidhi Builder. Njere tenzikadzi azviita kubatana kwevanhu pakunamata. Iye akaunganidza vose anoteerera shoko raMwari: mabhishopi, mamongi, vaprista, uye akakumbira kubva kuJerusarema Gulaberisdze Mudrogo Nikolaya, uyo, pamwe Archbishop Anthony akatungamirira Church.

Holy Queen Tamara pamberi Church akapa rwokutaura vaidana zvose kurarama takabatana uye kududzirwa kweBhaibheri. Iye ari kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura yakanyorerwa kumadzibaba matsvene kukumbira kubatsira vose vaya vakatsauka kubva munzira yomudzimu. Akumbira nokuda vatongi dzidziso yeChechi Mutsvene, mashoko nedzidziso, achivimbisa chisarudzo, mabhizimisi uye kudzidzisa.

Tsitsi varombo, rupo, aidzivirira hramozdatelya, Georgia, masoja, vanoyamura - dzakadaro Queen Tamara. Icon ane chiso musikana achiri kunobatsira vakatendeka kudzivirira mhuri, imba nenhamo, muna kusatenda, achiporesa mumuviri nomupfungwa zvirwere.

Church Council kwakaratidzwa uye kusarudza romwenga. Saka, dare vakatendeukira kuna madzibaba mazano apo kutsvaka mudzimai Tamara. Zvevapi vamazano zano kupinda Vladimir-Suzdal kweutongi, izvo zviri Russia.

muchato

Kwete runako chete mupfungwa asi panyama yakapiwa Queen Tamara. Photo of musikana, Chokwadi kwete, asi ndangariro vakararama panguva vanoti zvakanaka kuvakwa muviri, maziso nyara, hwakanaka pamatama uye meso kwasviba.

Kana paiva mubvunzo pamusoro kudiwa kuti chidzoke akatsiva uye mutungamiri, akanga pakarepo akasarudza bidder kuti murume. Handaikwanisa kurwisa kunaka kasikana Russian Prince Yuri Andreyevich. Aibva anokudzwa mhuri Bogoliubsky akakudza Orthodoxy uye sezvinooneka aiva anokwezva zvikuru jaya. Asvika Tbilisi mukadzi mwenga ramangwana, akasarudza kuridza kumuchato pakarepo. Zvisinei, akangwara Tamara kwaipesana pakuvhunduka kwakadaro. Courtiers nemabhishopu, uye akatsunga mambokadzi muchato kwakaitika kubva pfungwa dzakaipa. Achitungamirirwa Yuri kunyange vaiva hondo Georgia hunokunda, asi vakati vagura kwemakore maviri nokurwadziwa mupfungwa, iye akasarudza kurambana. Vaimbove murume Queen Tamara akatumwa kuConstantinople pamwe chimedu awana upfumi. Iye zvino akaonekwa kamwe zvakare munguva yemusikana upenyu apo Yuri akasvika Georgia nehondo echiGiriki kuitira kudzokera chigaro panoitwa, asi, sezvo munguva yapfuura nguva, akatambudzika kukundwa, akabva anyangarika pasina zvikasawanirwa.

Pokurerwa pamusoro pfungwa zvevhangeri, mambokadzi kurambana kwabva kuburikidza nesimba. Uye pfungwa wokuroorana itsva, iyo aida chinzvimbo chayo, aiwanzova zvinogamuchirika.

Happy muchato

Natural runako norunako akanga Queen Tamara (Photo-sketchings munhoroondo - chiratidzo), saka machinda mazhinji vaida kutora shama nzvimbo parutivi murume nomukadzi chinoshamisa. Ossetian mambo chete David Soslan, akanga rombo zvakakwana kuva wechipiri murume Tamara. Dare akaisa mberi candidacy ake nokuda murume netsaona, iye akarerwa Rudusan, uyo aiva tete dzamambokadzi. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika zvakare akataura kuti muchato youmambo yaiva inokosha kufamba pamusoro Georgian kwamachinda. Panguva iyoyo, hurumende yaida vatsigiri, uye Ossetian umambo ine uto mukana simba. Ndokusaka ropafadzo strata kwenzanga pakarepo vakabvumirana uye vakaziva Soslan waDhavhidhi co-mutongi wenyika Georgia.

mubatanidzwa wavo vakauya pamwe chete marudzi, asi akaitawo simba uye nokubudirira mamiriro. Vanofanira kubvumirana kuti kudzora. Nokuti Mwari akavatuma mwana. Kana vanhu vakadzidza kuti Queen Tamara uye David Soslan kumirira dangwe, vose vakanyengeterera kuzvarwa mukomana. Saka zvakaitika, akaberekwa mwanakomana wavo, kufanana sekuru vake. Uye zita Vakamupa chete - George. Kwapera gore, akaberekerwa mumhuri youmambo akazviratidza Rusudan musikana.

Kundorwa Islam: hondo Shamkhor

Political kosi tenzikadzi akatumwa kundorwa kunyika Muslim anotsigira vamutangira pachigaro: George III uye David Vozobnovitel. Two Islamic inoti kuMiddle East akaedza kukunda vokuGeorgia nyika, uye vose nguva masoja venyika idzi kuchiita kukundwa.

Yokutanga tsamwisa Mushandirapamwe yakarongwa maererano Caliph kweBaghdad, vane maoko dzichiitika uye vechitendero, uye youmambo nesimba vose vaMuslim. Iye subsidized sangano yomubatanidzwa kunangana yechiKristu mamiriro kunowedzerwa. Mauto vakananga atabag Abubakr, uye mumisasa yavo dzapfuura saka chinyararire kuti chete kana vaMuslim dziri papi mu Southern kuAzerbaijan, Queen Tamara akadzidza pamusoro kurwisa.

VokuGeorgia mauto muduku kuti simba rayo kuti muvengi. Asi nokutenda muna Mwari uye simba romunyengetero akaponesa vanhu. Kana hondo vakatamira kune Abubakr vokuGeorgia mauto, vahosi vagari havana kurega munamato. mubati hurongwa chaisanganisira vaingogara litanies, vachireurura zvivi uye zvinodiwa mupfumi ipai sechipo kuvarombo varombo. Ishe akateerera munamato uye muhondo Shamkhor 1195 Georgians vakakunda.

Paaiva mukombe, David akauya nomukadzi wake, nomureza of Caliphate, randakapiwa tenzikadzi yemamongi nokuda icon Yedu Lady Hahulskoy.

Hondo Basiani

With kukunda munyika Shamkhor vakawedzera kutendeseka pamusoro renyika. Imwe Ruknadin Sultan muAsia Minor vaisagona kuziva simba Georgia. Wakange urongwa kutsiva pamusoro vanhu yeGeorgia kuti kukundwa ari Turkish mauto, zvavakanga akakunda yaitonga Dhavhidhi Builder.

Ruknadin mambokadzi akatuma tsamba kutuka, izvo vakakumbira kubva paTamari kuchinja kutenda kwechiKristu kuna Islam. Angry tenzikadzi pakarepo akaunganidza varwi uye tichivimba naMwari, kuti amuperekedze wemamongi zvakaoma Vardzia apo akapfugama pamberi icon of Amai vaMwari, akanyengetera wehondo yake.

Noruzivo hondo muchiuto rumsky Sultan, handina kuzvibvuma kuti vokuGeorgia Queen Tamara anotanga kurwisa. Handiti, uwandu zvechiuto uye vaMuslim nguva hondo wechiGeorgian. Victory akaenda zvakare kune mukuru uye murume Tamara - Kuendeswa-David. Zvakatora rimwe hondo kurova muuto wokuTurkey.

Kukunda Basiani akabatsira kushandisa inokosha urongwa youmambo kuumba mutsva mamiriro, munharaunda kumavirazuva Georgia. Saka akasikwa umambo Trebizond nokutenda kwechiKristu. Muzana remakore rechi13 vagari Georgia munyika iri rinenge vose North Caucasus State.

Culture paitonga Queen

Kugadzikana kwoupfumi nezvevakafa nyika rava nomuzongoza kuti kukura tsika. Zita Queen Tamara chokuita Golden Age of Georgia. Aiva vaichengetedza mabhuku uye kunyora. Cultural uye dzidzo nzvimbo dzaiva dzemamongi: Iversky, Petritsoni, on Black Mountain nevamwe. Vakaita shanduro, anodzidza nouzivi basa. In Georgia, panguva iyoyo paiva Ikalto uye Gelati Academy, tichipedzisira kuti vanhu anazvo Arabic, mutauro Persian, ruzivo uzivi yekare.

Nhetembo "The Knight iri Panther kuti Ganda", chokuita nhaka mabhuku nyika, zvakanyorwa paitonga Tamari ndokuzvitsaurira kwaari. Shota Rustaveli akapa upenyu hwake kusikwa vokuGeorgia vanhu. The ngano anotanga kuti akararama mambo akanga ane mwanakomana uye mugari wenhaka, uye, kunzwa kusvika kuguma mazuva ake, iye kunokwidziridza chigaro mwanasikana. Ndizvo mamiriro ezvinhu, imwe mune inodzokororwa chiitiko nguva chigaro akachinjirwa Tamara.

Mambokadzi akavamba Vardzia bako yemamongi hwaponeswa kuti mazuva edu, uyewo Krisimasi-Bogorodnichny wemamongi.

Kunobudirira muchiuto tsamwisa, muripo kubva yakakunda nyika akabatsira muzadze bhajeti yeGeorgia, wakange zvainanga kuvakwa zvivako uye kukura chiKristu.

Vardzia

masero Church, mupenyu, makamuri, dzokugezera, refectory kamuri - makamuri ose akavezwa mudombo kuti wemamongi zvakaoma nechokumaodzanyemba Georgia akadana Vardzia, kana temberi Queen Tamara. Kuvakwa mubako zvakaoma yakanga yatanga paitonga George III. Yemamongi ushandiswe kuzvidzivirira chipfuro kubva Iranians uye vokuTurkey.

Fortress kwakavakirwa vane kudzika 50 metres uye kureba chine nhurikidzwa masere. Today zvakavanzika ndima, dzasara kudiridzwa gadziriro uye mvura.

Pakati mubako riri vakapakata mambokadzi Chechi nokufungidzira Mhandara Yakakomborerwa. masvingo aro yakashongedzwa mifananidzo yakanaka, pakati inova mufananidzo Tamara uye baba vake. Kare-unyanzvi ukoshi muri tuore pamusoro Ascension raIshe Jesu Kristu, uye Amai vaMwari.

Earthquake, kubatwa kunzwisisa vaPezhiya, vokuTurkey, kweSoviet avasakadza nezvokuvapo wemamongi. Zvino kupfuura miziyamu, kunyange zvazvo kutungamirira upenyu hwavo hwokuzvinyima vamwe mamongi.

Queen Tamara: nhoroondo okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Chronicles yakatanga kusvika afa David-Soslan 1206 gore. Ipapo vahosi nezvazvo kupfuura chigaro mwanakomana wake, uye akaita George wake co-regent. Akararama maererano nemitemo yaMwari, akanzwa rufu pedyo. Queen Tamara akafa ane chirwere USINGAZIKAMWI. Mumakore okupedzisira yaaipedza ari Vardzia. Date rufu anoramba ane unsolved chakavanzika, asi anofungidzirwa ndizvo makore 1212-1213.

Apo akavigwa vatenzi, asingazivikanwi. In yenhau yakaratidza Gelati wemamonk senzvimbo muviri dzamambokadzi apo kunogara mhuri rakatenderera. Maererano neimwe ngano, Tamara, ndichinzwa Kusagutsikana pakati vechiMuslim vanogona desecrate guva, akakumbira muchivande vakavigwa. Pane kubvuma kuti muviri uri zororo Mutsvene Cross Monastery (Palestine). Zvakaratidza kuti Ishe akanzwa wake, vanokundikana kuvanza zvinoera.

MuChechi yeOrthodox, Queen Tamara zvakabatanidzwa musande. Day Rokuyeuka wokugadzira itsva inowira musi May 14.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kana kutambura, kurwadziwa inokura munyika, iye amutswa uye anouya kubatsira vanhu kuti zvakavanakira.

Kutenda muna Mwari, uchenjeri, kuzvininipisa - avo zvinhu apo Tamara akasika zvoupfumi uye enyika gadziriro Georgia. Chokwadi chacho budiriro hwakavakirwa dzaitambura, kuenzana uye zvisiri zvechisimba. Hapana rufu haina kuitwa mumakore ake okutonga. Chegumi hurumende zveminda Tamara akapa varombo. Its ruyamuro paakavapa Orthodox nyika machechi uye dzimba dzemamongi.

Mashoko okupedzisira akati kuna Mwari, uyo kupa Georgia, vanhu, navana vavo uye pachavo kuna Kristu.