Chii Islamic State? Islamic nyika: mifananidzo, zvinhu

Nhoroondo yacho chidzoke vechiIslam State rakabatana pamwe chitendero chete. Bato iri rechitendero yakabuda kuburikidza nebasa Prophet Muhammad.

panotangira

Islam akamuka 6-7 remakore. Akazivisa uye akasimbisa yetsika munzanga, kuenzana pakati vechiMuslim vose, akarambidza kweropa uye mhirizhonga pakati vanhu. simba rose, maererano sangano rechitendero ichi, vabvuma maoko muporofita wacho.

Sezvo akatowedzera pamusoro kwenguva, vateveri Islam. nhamba yavo yakatanga kupinda chikuru chikamu vagere muArabhiya Peninsula. Maererano dambudziko iri muhurongwa ukama uye voruzhinji kudzora vateveri rechitendero. Muporofita Muhammad akakurumidza kurarama basa iri. Akava chete mutungamiri uyo akatungamirira vakatendeka pamusoro chiedza munzira Allah.

Pakafa Muhammad akatsiviwa nokuda caliphs. Ko vateveri Islam, uyo akatora nzvimbo muporofita. Mabasa avo anosanganisira chiitwa masimba ushe pamusoro vaMuslim zvose.

hasha nevavariro

Pashure Muhammad afa yakatanga kuwana simba pfungwa kurwa "hondo tsvene." Uye ichi pasinei nokuti jihad yakatanga kushandiswa chete kuzvidzivirira zvinangwa. Chete gare gare akanga zvishoma nezvishoma kushanduka yawo pasi mudziyo uye anopamba infidels. Zvakatanga kuvakwa yakareba ropa Khalifa. Islam aiva constituent kukonzera izvi.

caliphate

United Arabia, vanhu vakawanda vanoomerera vaMuslim, kubva pakutanga hafu 7th remakore. Ndakatanga kuitisa hondo. MaArab yakakunda Ijipiti, Siriya, Palestine uye Iran. Ivo Rakatanga simba ravo North Africa, kumaodzanyemba mudunhu Spain, muna Central Asia uye Caucasus. Somugumisiro, hondo dzokukunda mune chihombe Islamic mamiriro, iyo inozivikanwa se reArab Caliphate. Guta guru simba iri guru raiva guta kweBaghdad. On chikonzero vava yakawanda akagadzirisa neyavaArabhia.

Izvi Islamic mamiriro ayo enyika anoramba zvinhu muranda, asi panguva imwe chete nokukurumidza yakava patsva sezvo feudal. nzvimbo yakakura vakakunda nyika vakanga muridzi neHurumende. Vari kushanda kwavo nyika vanhuwo zvavo kumanikidzwa kubhadhara mitero, equating kuti nhaka varimi.

polity

The Caliphate kwakaitika centralized muchimiro umambo. In hurumende yakanga rokunyika uye pakunamata musoro. Vakashumira sezvo caliph. Chinokosha ino mukomboni yaiva umambo ezvemweya simba mune mumwe munhu. Ndokusaka kwechiIslam Khilafah mamiriro anogona kunzi kune feudal uye hwoumwari. Main basa pakati pamusoro vakuru vehurumende akatumirwa Vizier. Greater kukosha muna Caliphate akatenga kangas vakadzidza.

Vakuru kumatunhu ehurumende vaiva ndiwo madzishe. Vakanga neMutungamiriri Caliph. Pashure kuonekwa feudal kusabatana, ndiwo madzishe vakawanda vakava yakazvimirira vatongi.

Panguva kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kutanga hurumende, sezvo Caliphate, chitendero uye kodzero batanidza kupinda chimwe. Kwainyanya mutemo kwainzi neKorani. munyori Its ndiye muporofita Muhammad. mutemo Islamic inonzi "Sharia", iro rinoreva "nzira". Raisanganisira echitendero dzidziso kwete chete. Islamic caliphate kuvhomora kunyora mitemo dzevagari, mhosva uye Maitiro mutemo.

Paiva muunganidzwa kwetsika pamusoro Muhammad akaita dare zvisarudzo, uyewo mabasa, kusanganisira kududzirwa vanodzika mitemo Muslim. Tsamba iyi kushanda kwokunwa neKorani. Kushandiswa uye vari pari panguva makwanza iri huripo mutemo.

Islamic Caliphate aiva mumwe noruzhinji chinhu. Pakanga pasina zviparadzanise ezvitendero, emitemo uye zvetsika zvine dzemunharaunda. Ivo akaumba mumwe chete kunzwisisa.

Islamic Caliphate kwenguva refu nguva vakaramba mamiriro varidzi yose nyika. Zvisinei, kuva feudal ukama kwakachinja mudziyo uyu. Zvakatanga kuonekwa chaiyo.

Chii mamiriro anogona kunzi Islamic?

Islam haana kurasa simba rayo munyika dzakawanda. Ndechipi Islamic ezvinhu nhasi? nyika ino, maererano iyo hurongwa ndiro Islam. Bato iri rechitendero iri dzidziso yose vanhu. Sharia - inokosha kunyora, izvo anotungamirirwa ane Islamic mamiriro. Gwaro rino rine zvinhu dzevagari uye yepamutemo, okutarisira uye mhosva, Maitiro uye mhuri mutemo.

The Islamic Pfungwa rudzi-kuvaka rakasiyana Western siyana. Chokutanga, inobva mitemo ndokukweverwazve kumusoro nomuprofita Muhammad. Uyezve, zvinokosha kuziva muna Islam ndiye kupatsanura siyana ehurumende akaoma chaizvo.

The venguva Dzidziso Islam akaisa mberi nedzidziso dzavo. Iye akatenda kuti vateveri dzidziso Muporofita Muhammad havagoni kugoveranwa pakati pamarudzi. Maererano chitendero ichi, kuti Uma vaMuslim zvakabatana. Available pamusoro enyika mepu dzenyika Federation, somuenzaniso, Malaysia uye United Arab Emirates, mu pfungwa Islam - kwete pamwe evanhu uye inotaura. In iri nhema chinokosha musiyano pakati nyika idzi sei Federation zvinonzwisiswa muWestern Europe.

Mhando Islamic inoti

Pfungwa iyi pedyo hurumende pamutemo wokumavirira. Islamic nyika muve sultanates uye Emirates Caliphate uye Imamate. Mhando dzose ava Muslim inoti vanoonekwa ne pachavo zvavairarama uye nzira hurumende. Saka, nyika sultanates - vaya umo simba hunopiwa muna Sultan kuti dzinza. mumwe mutemo kare vakadaro. The Sultanate norugare zvematongerwo ano mepu - ndiye Oman, riri mu eArabhia Brunei, riri kurutivi rwezasi-mabvazuva Asia.

Very yekare Islamic Hurumende - ndiro Sultanate kuna Oman. It rakaumbwa muzana remakore rechitatu uye pakati wechinomwe aiva chikamu Arab Caliphate. The ndima Oman iri kumabvazuva chikamu muArabhiya Peninsula. With mamiriro ichi inoganhurana Saudi Arabia, Republic of Yemen uye United Arab Emirates. Muna 1970 akava musoro Euro Sultan Kabus Ben Said.

The Sultanate pamusoro Brunei - duku Islamic mamiriro. Map of South-East Asia achatiratidza nzvimbo yake. Brunei iri kuchamhembe chikamu pachitsuwa Borneo. mamiriro Izvi yakaumbwa muzana remakore rechitanhatu. Mumazuva akare zvaionekwa musimboti tsika Muslim. To musi, mamiriro uyu ndomumwe vakapfuma munyika, uye zvayo Sultan ndiwo mazita vakapfuma vanhu panyika.

Kune vashoma Islamic nyika umo simba ndohwaJehovha ishe pamusoro imba youmambo, kana kusarudza mutungamiri. Inonzi Emirates. A chiri States akadaro yavo duku saizi. Vari anoonekwa somunhu mhando matanho kuti kushumira ndiponesezve Caliphate.

Sezvo September 1919 muna Kumadokero Dagestan uye muBosnia, muChechnya aripo North Caucasian Emirate. Sezvo March 1920 chinhu Islamic mamiriro yakava chikamu RSFSR.
Asi Brazil iri kutongwa President. Asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo, United Arab Emirates iri mubatanidzwa kuti zvinosanganisira nhengo dzaro dziri Emirates nomwe. Ivo vanotongwa ndiwo madzishe.

Inotevera mhando ndiyo Imam vechiIslam wehurumende. Pane mutungamiriri mutungamiriri wechitendero pakunamata. Vanodaidza iye Imam. Izvi mhando enyika uye magariro hwokuratidza kuomerera Shiite dzidziso. In mamiriro ichi simba rakapiwa kune yose zvisikwa (akafanana Caliphate).

On enyika mepu dzenyika kubva 1829 kusvika 1859. paiva mamiriro Imamate pamusoro Gracious. Raiva yava muBosnia, muChechnya uye Dagestan. Ichi chinhu Islamic State yakaguma neDare Russian Empire. Mukuru maruva enyika vati nyika yabudirira panguva yaitonga Imam Gracious, kubvira 1834 kusvika 1859.

Muzana remakore rechi19. Paiva neimwe Islamic mamiriro akafanana. Map of Zimbabwe kubva muna 1918 kusvika 1962, akataura kuti mundima yayo Mutawakkilite Umambo Yemen. Kuvapo Its nyika iyi akamira pashure Anti-monarchist chimurenga.

Chii kwechiIslam State ari Khilafah? Maererano nedzidziso wepamutemo Islam, ndiko nyika chete. Kare, chinoumba iri Caliphate aiva Arab-vaMuslim nyika, yakatangwa Muhammad muna 7th remakore. Pashure akava chihombe mamiriro, iri munharaunda navaArabhu vakakunda nyika. Vatongi vaiva caliphs.

The Islamic zvokuvhoterwa

Pane nyayawo chimiro zvesangano mudziyo, izvo mune kuMiddle East. An Islamic Republic. Pano mukuru basa basa rakapiwa vafundisi vaMuslim.

The Islamic Republic rudzi nzwisisa. It iripo pakati European nenheyo statehood uye nedzidziso yetsika umambo Muslim.

Muna Islamic Republic ndiye Afghanistan, Mauritania, Pakistan uye Iraq. Mitemo inotaura izvi vakasikwa akavakirwa sharia nevanhu.

The pfungwa

The Koran haritauri taurira chero Kunyanya chehurumende. mutemo Islamic haana yayo yepamutemo dzidziso. Zvisinei, chikuru pfungwa chero mhando Islamic ehurumende ari kusangana zvinodiwa Islamic dzidziso. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kutaura nechivimbo kuti chii Islam hwakapiwa aine "super-nehurumende" pfuma. Uyezve, dzidziso iyi ndiye nheyo chaiyo yose yaivapo. Panguva iyoyowo kuti Islam kunokosha kutungamirira basa mabasa nenheyo ehurumende muchini.

Muenzaniso unoshamisa musimboti chikuru pfungwa vechiIslam wehurumende - ndiwo munzanga akasika Muporofita Muhammad. Iye muropa maoko ake ari nezvaakatonga, Executive uye kudzora simba. Ipapo muporofita akatora chisarudzo chokupedzisira chete pashure kanzuru ane anonyatsozivikanwa Moslems. Muhammad nedzidziso dzavo nharo kuti pfungwa pakusika ezvinhu akadaro akamubvumira Allah pachake.

mutemo Islamic yakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma. It achinja uye pfungwa yacho mamiriro. Akava dzakawanda zvenyika maonero uye ari kupokana pamwe zvetsika Islamic dzidziso yakaburisa kusashanduka naMwari nevanhu. Pane chichiitika anochinja pamusoro zvemitemo bhora. Somugumisiro ukama kuti, izvo kare yaidzorwa mutemo Islamic chete, vakanga yaidzorwa uye kumwewo pamutemo kuti akatora European mavambo.

Izvi vakatanga pakati pezana remakore rechi19. Kutanga kwayo akabata idzodzo umo kusina kunyanya rikwanise vachinetsana dzenhoroondo Islam. Somugumisiro, dzimwe nyika Islamic vave kuzivikanwa pane imwe chete caliphate.

Zvakakurukurwa pfungwa

The Islamic wehurumende ane yayo nemamwe zvinhu. The chikuru chepfungwa ndiyo kuzviisa pasi zvinhu zvayo zvose hwaro nenheyo Islam. Pano, zvinofungirwa kudzora vanhu pamusoro mumabasa miviri mamiriro. Wapuwa mutemo Islamic. Saka, Hurumende ine basa vayo.

Kunyanya pfungwa pakuvaka Islamic vanhu akapedzisa aifanira kumisa zvinoverengeka nemasangano. The Islamic nheyo "kubvunza" iri kuchengetwa munyika idzodzo kunodiwa panotangira ane Advisory muviri. Muenzaniso uyu aigona kuva Qatar. In mamiriro ichi pane Advisory Board, iro anodomwa neMutungamiriri ishe. Ndezvipi yayo huru zvinhu? Anopa zano kuti mutongi wehurumende. Mitemo Kuwait vanobviswa chete paakazokurukura kukurukurirana muviri kuti.

The inokosha yepamutemo yokuti nyika Muslim - kuzivikanwa rechiIslam sezvo chitendero wehurumende, riri kuparidzwa zvinenge makumi mana munyika. Pfungwa uyu wakajeka kuratidzira simba Dzidziso huri Koran, kurudyi rinotema. Urongwa aya anoratidzwa emitemo of Zimbabwe, Jordan, Pakistan, etc.

The pfungwa dzakawanda Islamic nyika ndiyo hwokuchengetedza soro pamutemo rehondo Koran. Pano, kunze mirayiro varwere Panyanzvi kodzero, noku mutemo muMuslim. Zvisinei, vose vane navanopinda zvezvinotaurwa zvakafanana, bata kwete chete ukama pachedu hunhu, asiwo avo vari administrative, mhosva uye yevagari chinzvimbo. Pfungwa iyi maitire kunyika rakamiswa yeArabia Peninsula, uyewo Pakistan.

Zvinokosha vachiti, pasinei Panyanzvi nzira kukura, asi rinoti vaMuslim usakanda mapfumo pasi mutemo Islamic sendarama chinokosha kuumba pamutemo kuziva, mafungiro vanhu, uyewo maitiro Muslim.

chikuru dzidziso

Caliphate yakabuda somunhu hwoumwari mamiriro. Kubva pakutanga ivepo, ayo inokosha ndiko kubatana rokunyika uye zvokunamata simba. All chidhiraivho vari panguva iyoyo rave kusimbiswa mumaoko Caliph.

Pamutemo zvinodiwa kuti anopiwa muna Korani, regai anoratidza kudikanwa yakananga chimiro pakuvaka mamiriro. Not raanotaura nheyo idzi uye zvigadziriswe simba. Zvisinei, dzimwe mafeni of Koran kwavowo vanodudzira rugwaro. Zvakasikwa mabasa umo akaratidza Islamic pfungwa ehurumende. Kuti pfungwa, izvo vakanga ichiwanikwa, pane ari Korani. Rinotaura kuti chete tsime simba Allah. Mohammed aivawo mutumwa wake chete, iyo wakaiswa kuti mashandiro rinodzora mwari.

Islamic pfungwa ehurumende akatanga munguva 10-11 emakore. Ndiyo yaiva nguva apo Abbasids Caliphate kutongwa imba youmambo uye nyika vakapinda kuderera.

Kwenguva refu nguva kuvaka Islamic mamiriro yakavakirwa mharidzo mbiri. Nzvimbo yokutanga izvi kwaibva nheyo kubatana kwechitendero uye mutemo. Kusiyana neizvi, paiva maonero asiri zvinodiwa kuchengetedza rakabatana caliphate muMuslim. Asi avo nevamwe vakaona inokosha nezvebasa Islam mu murau vose zvinhu munzanga.

Nhasi, munyika wechiMuslim kuziva kodzero asimbise chero hurongwa simba. The chikuru ndechokuti anoenderana zvinhu munyika.

Nechekare pakutanga remakore rechi20. Most Islamic nyika ndokupfuura Panyanzvi muenzaniso vanhu. Zvisinei, yechipiri yezana remakore iroro, imwe kuitika inoenda nokusimbaradza basa Islam muupenyu munyika idzi. Izvi zvakanga kunyanya pachena Iran, Pakistan, uye Sudan.