Abhuramu Hannibal - African sekuru nyanduri Russian

Great-sekuru yakakurumbira nyanduri Russian Aleksandra Pushkina Abhuramu Hannibal akararama refu uye inonakidza upenyu. Mwanakomana muchinda anokudzwa African, akanga kubiwa achiri mucheche kubudikidza vokuTurkey uye vakaendeswa Constantinople. Ndava nemakore manomwe, mukomana akauya Moscow uye akava chaanofarira dema mukomana Peter I. Gare gare, akakwanisa kuwana dzidzo yakanaka uye kuti kwakajeka muchiuto basa, achifumira kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu General-mu-Chief. Abhuramu Petrovich akaburuka munhau wake yakakurumbira muzukuru A. S. Pushkinu, uyo akatsaurira basa rake munhau "The Arap Petra Guru."

Date uye nzvimbo yokuberekwa Hannibal

Dark ganda uye rima rakamonana bvudzi Aleksandru Sergeevichu Pushkinu nhaka kubva ake makuru-sekuru Abhuramu Hannibal, uyo akazvarwa ari kure uye inopisa Africa. A tateguru Nyanduri huru matema aiva inoshamisa murume, pachangu aiziva Peter Mukuru, netsa Ioannovnoy, Elizabeth, uye zvimwe unhu akakurumbira XVIII remakore. Chii chaiva njodzi zimbuya yakakurumbira Pushkin raMwari? Dzidza pamusoro zvinogona nokuverenga Biography ake.

Abhuramu Petrovich Hannibal akaberekwa okupedzisira makore XVII remakore. Musi wokuberekwa kwake 1696 kana 1697. The ungangotarisa nzvimbo yechizvarirwo pamusoro Hannibal vaiona shona - nharaunda iri kuchamhembe Ethiopia. Asi vamwe vatsvakurudzi Biography wamadzibaba Pushkin vari kurerekera kudavira kuti-sekuru zvikuru ake akaberekwa muna Sultanate pamusoro Logone, riri pamuganhu kuCameroon uye Chad. In nyasha pfungwa iyi zvinoratidza Hannibal tsamba yakanyorerwa Empress Elizabeth, umo akatumidza nzvimbo hwaakaberekwa kuguta Logone. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisingaiti kuti kuwana muvhidhiyo uchapupu shanduro iyi kusvikira nhasi.

makore okutanga oupenyu

Pakuzvarwa, mukuru-sekuru Pushkin, Abramu Petrovich Hannibal, akapfeka zita Ibrahim. baba vake aiva kwakakurumbira African muchinda, uyo akanga ana vakadzi vazhinji nevana. Ndava nemakore manomwe, Ibrahim pamwe mukoma wake akanga kubiwa nokuda vokuTurkey uye akatuma kuConstantinople. Kune vakomana vatema vakagara mumuzinda (seraglio) uye akatanga kubika mumapeji Sultan. Uye ndiani anoziva chingadai chakaitika, kana muna 1705 muna Constantinople paakasvika Count Sawa Raguzinsky-Vladislavich uye wakavatenga sechipo kuna Peter Mukuru.

Sei Russian chevaux zvinodiwa nevana African, iyo iri Russia yainzi arapchatami? Peter Mukuru vakafamba kwazvo muEurope uye kazhinji vakatarira semadzimambo vatorwa dzoushe rinoteerera mukomana dema. Anoda vose mhiri kwamakungwa kujairika, aida uye aiva mukushandira arapchonok. Asi kwete chinhu, uye kuverenga uye tsika dzakanaka. In mutariro kuti zvido Peter I, Raguzinsky Vladislavich-Ndakatarisa pashure muna seraglio kupfuura dzakakodzera kushumira mumuzinda wamambo yevakomana vatema uye vakatengwa (kubva kumwewo - vakaba) navo pamusoro Seraglio. Saka mukoma wake Ibrahim vaiva Russia.

Rubhabhatidzo, shumiro Peter I

Muzhizha 1705 vatsva arapchata wokurera chiKristu muKereke St. Paraskeva, Vilnius. Panguva tsika rubhabhatidzo Ibrahim ainzi Abramu uye mukoma wake - Alex. vabereki GODFATHER sekuru Pushkin akava Potr Veliky uye mukadzi Polish King August II, Christian Ebergardina. Patronymic mukomana dema akapiwa zita Russian chevaux muchivabhabhatidza. Pashure mukomana uyu African Ibrahim akava Abhuramu Petrovich. Kwenguva refu nguva akatakura zita Petrov (mu kukudzwa GODFATHER), uye chete mukutanga 40-ies zviri XVIII remakore rakanga yakatsiviwa.

Abhuramu Hannibal blackamoor kwava kufarira Petro Mukuru. Pakutanga, akashanda se yatumira-priporozhnika (mukomana, uyo akararama pachikumbaridzo youmambo kumativi), ipapo akava valet uye munyori wamambo. Peter saka I aivimba Negro ake hwakamubvumira kudzivirira mabhuku, mepu uye mifananidzo yakawanikwa muhofisi yake uye akamupa zvakavanzika mishoni. Muna 1716, mukuru-sekuru Pushkin, Abramu Petrovich Hannibal, akaenda kuna mambo kuti afambe kuburikidza Europe. In France zvakanga akatsunga kudzidza chikoro mapurani. Pashure kuudzidza, Abramu Petrovich akanga wakazopinzwa hondo French uye akatora mugove Hondo 1718-1820 kuti muzvina-Union, apo akagamuchira ronda iri mumusoro.

Mukuru Hannibal muna 1723, akadzokera Russia uye yakashongedzwa muna Preobrazhensky chemazana chehondo, riri pasi murayiro Peter I. Nemhaka kupenya zivo masvomhu, wakagamuchira Europe, akava wokutanga munhoroondo yeRussian Army General Engineer. Kuwedzera sayenzi chaiwo, Abhuramu Petrovich ainyatsoziva munhoroondo uye uzivi, aiziva French uye Latin, saka munzanga kubatwa somunhu vakadzidza chaizvo. By Unorudzi zimbuya Peter Pushkin waiva achidzidzisa vaduku navatariri, masvomhu uye ouinjiniya. Uyezve, akanga akarayirwa kushandurira mabhuku vatorwa Imperial dare.

In nhapwa

Service Abhuramu Petrovich Hannibal Peter akaramba kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1725. Pashure kuparadzwa pakati chevaux kuti Negro yaiva kufadza Prince Alexander Menshikov, uyo akava of facto mutongi munyika. Izvi zvakaitika nokuti kuti Hannibal aiziva anonyatsoziva zvake uye zvakavanzika. Aizivikanwa pamusoro wezvakashata uye Prince zvisizvo, uye pamusoro wake hwepedyo Catherine I. Achida kubvisa uchapupu ngozi, Menshikov muna 1727 anobvisa kubva mudare uye kuendeswa kuSiberia. Panotaurwa Abraham Hannibal aiva makore anopfuura matatu. Kusvikira pakuguma 1729 akabatwa asungwa muna Tomsk, achipa mumwe mwedzi kuti 10 rubles.

Service muna Pernove

Muna January 1730 akakwira Imperial choumambo muzukuru Petra Velikogo vake, Anna Ivanovna. Akayeuka kubva pauduku Abramu Petrovich vakamuitira nguva dzose zvakanaka. Mambokadzi mutsva akadzima chirango Hannibal uye akamutendera kuti arambe basa rake rechiuto. Kubva January kusvika September 1730, akanga akanyorwa somunhu guru ravarwi Tobolsk, pashure chaainge anoyeuka kuSiberia uye hwakatamisirwa yaiva Eastland guta Pernau (zvino - Parnu muEstonia). Pano Arap Petra Velikogo akapiwa chinzvimbo injiniya-mukuru. Kwemakore 1731-1733 akashanda se commandant of akakombwa nzvimbo muna Pernovskom uye nedzidziso inofambirana nenguva Garrison School conductors (mudiki vemauto mainjiniya) kudhirowa, nhare uye masvomhu. Muna 1733 Hannibal akasiya, dzichishandisa chisarudzo chake zvoutano.

Marriage pamwe Dioper

Nguva pfupi pashure kutamira zimbuya Pernau Pushkin vake, Abramu Petrovich Hannibal, kokutanga muupenyu hwangu kufunga nezvokuroorana. Yakasimbiswa tsvimborume uyo ari mangwanani 30-ies zviri XVIII remakore akakwanisa kuchinja wechina makore gumi, haana kutendera kubva kusadiwa kubva naka pabonde. Hannibal chechienzi chitarisiko akakwezva nerunako Russian, uye enganonyorwa mu romoto Frizington aiva mugove, asi haana kumbobvira akaisa Amorous zvinoitwa rechiuto. Upenyu hwake tsvimborume yakatora saka refu kusvikira pakupera 1730, apo riri bhizimisi rwendo muSt Petersburg, akasangana mukadzi wakanaka Greek Evdokia Dioper. Akabatidza musikana vaneshungu manzwiro African akasarudza kumuroora.

Evdokia aiva muduku mwanasikana rechiGiriki mukuru magwa anokwasviwa zvikepe kubva St. Petersburg Andrey Diopera izvo Hannibal aifanira kusangana munguva bhizimisi rwendo. Vanoswerera refu ari kuchamhembe guru twa, Abramu Petrovich akaunzirwa mhuri yake. Arap kuchitsigira mwanasikana muduku aifarira Diopera, uye iye kuitwa muchato. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Evdokia Andreevna aida wechiduku refutenendi Aleksandra Kaysarova uye akanga achigadzirira kumuroora, baba vake akasarudza kuti godson Petro ndichava zvakanakisisa wake bato. Pakutanga 1731 iye amuwana nechisimba naAbhuramu Petrovich muSt Simeon Church muSt Petersburg. Muchato Vaviri vakaenda Pernau, apo Hannibal vakashumira. To refutenendi Kaisarov haana kuvhiringidzwa pana Hannibal munzira, akatamisirwako kuna Astrakhan.

Kushambadzwa ruvanze

Kudzosera muchato haana mufaro kana Abhuramu Petrovich, kana mudzimai wake muduku. Evdokia murume haana rudo uye nokuvimbika haana kuchengeta. In Pernove iye ndinototsvaka panguva duku muchiuto uye nokukurumidza akava mwene yomunzvimbo Don Juan Shishkin, uyo aiva mudzidzi wake. In kuwa 1731 Dioper akabereka musikana chena ganda uye nokuenzanisira-haired vasingagoni kuva mwanasikana chizvarwa African Abhuramu Hannibal. In Pernove, chaiko kune nguva 2000 chete nevagari, mashoko kuzvarwa injiniya mukuru dema mwana chena akava kutekenyedzwa chaiyo. Pushkin huru-sekuru Abhuramu Petrovich Hannibal kubatwa achiseka glances uye ndagumburwa noruoko wake kusavimbika. Zvaive munguva iyi kuti akanyora ari kusiya basa rake, iro chakabvumwa chete muna 1733 mushure kudzingwa Abhuramu Petrovich akatamira Manor Karyakyula iri pana Reval.

Hannibal kugona kukanganwira mutengesi-mudzimai. Zvikanzwikwa runyerekupe kuti tsitsi kutomurova, akaramba akakiyiwa uye akatyisidzira kuti vamuuraye. Kwete kuda kurarama kwenguva yakareba pamwe Evdokia muimba iyo, iye akatanga guru kurambana, achipomera ake upombwe. A dare mauto akawana Dioper mhosva uye akabvuma kuti amutumire kuna Hospital muruvazhe, yaiva zvose vasungwa. Pane mudzimai asina kutendeka vakapedza makore 11 refu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Evdokia mhosva kwakaratidzei, dare haana akakanda kumurume wake, uye chete kurangwa nokuda upombwe.

wanano yechipiri

Apo Evdokia Dioper aishumira mutongo pamusoro hurumende, murume wake akaroorwa kechipiri. Vakasarudzwa Abhuramu Petrovich akava anokudzwa chakanaka mavambo Swedish Christina Regina of Sjöberg, aigara Pernove. Akanga muduku kupfuura murume wake kwemakore 20. Marriage naye Abhuramu Petrovich akagumisa muna 1736, pane kupa rugwaro rwokumuramba chitupa vemauto dare, pokusimbisa chokwadi pamusoro nekunyengera mudzimai wake wokutanga. Muchato, akauya nomukadzi wake Manor Karyakyulu.

1743 Evdokia Dioper mujeri uye nokukurumidza akava nepamuviri. Kuroorwa anoda itsva, iye nyaya yokunamata chikumbiro dare rechechi raitonga kuti kurambana pamwe Hannibal, iyo kuzivikanwa kwake kare infidelities. Zvisingatarisirwi chiito Evdokia akapotsa arasikirwe Abhuramu Petrovich rusununguko uye basa, nokuti aigona kupiwa mhosva bigamy. Kurambana zvekufamba kusvikira 1753 uye yakaguma Hannibal zvisingatarisirwi zvakanaka: zvarairwa kuti vapfidze uye kubhadhara faindi. Dare rechechi raitonga akabvuma muchato wake Hristinoy Sheberg kushanda, tichifunga nemhosva yakadai, uto dare, yakanga havadikanwi kuongorora nyaya upombwe pasina kuvapo Dzvene Revafundisi. Evdokia ndoda murombo. Nokuti upombwe akaita achiri musikana iye akatongerwa mujeri Staraya Ladoga wemamongi apo yakaramba kusvikira parufu rwake.

zvizvarwa

Takaroorana Hristinoy Sheberg panguva nyanduri wacho zimbuya akaberekwa vana 11, uyo akapona vakura, chete nomwe (Ivan, Osip, Isaka, Peter, Sophia, Elizabeth uye Anna). Children Abrama Gannibala akamupa yakawanda vazukuru. mwanakomana wake Osip muna 1773 akaroora Mariya Alekseevne Pushkin, uyo 2 Makore akazotevera akabereka mwanasikana, Hope - Amai Russian shasha Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina.

A rima-ganda mwana godson Petro I zvikuru aiva mwanakomana wake mukuru, Ivan. Aiva Russian uto mutungamiriri akakurumbira uye mutungamiri Black Sea Fleet. Pahondo 1768-1774 Russian-Turkish Ivan akarayira hondo Navarino, uye muchirongwa Hondo Chesma. Under utungamiriri hwake muna 1778 Kherson rakaumbwa. Sezvaunogona kuona, zvizvarwa Abrama Gannibala akava kunoshamisa uye akafanira kuremekedza vanhu.

Military basa pasi Elizabeth I

Muna 1741 Abhuramu Petrovich akadzokera muchiuto. Panguva iyi, akakwira mwanasikana choushe Petra Velikogo kuti Elizabeth I, uyo aifarira Arap uye huvandudzike basa rake. Biography Abrama Gannibala inoratidza kuti muna 1742 iye akagamuchira chipo kubva Empress Karyakyulu Manor yaairarama, uye mamwe matunhu anoverengeka. Zvegore, Hannibal akanga pakukwana pambiru mukuru commandant pamusoro vanotozvifarira uye paakavapa mumuzinda nyika pedyo muPskov, apo zvadaro akavamba Manor Petrovsky. Mukutanga 40-ies zviri XVIII remakore ari kutanga Abhuramu Petrovich Elizabeth Petrov akashandura zita rake zvikuru sonorous Hannibal vakarikunda chokuremekedza kunozivikanwa mukuru kare, uyo, kufanana amene, vari vedzinza African.

Muna 1752 akatamisirwako kuna St. Petersburg kubva vanotozvifarira Abhuramu Hannibal. African sekuru Russian shasha pano basa rokuona nezvezvinoitwa nechikamu injiniya chikamu, uye gare gare akatarisira kuvaka Kronstadt uye Ladoga gwara , uye nheyo kuchikoro vana remhizha uye vashandi. Abhuramu Petrovich kwaitsigirwa kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu General-mu-Chief uye pamudyandigere nemakore 66 okuberekwa.

Pamakore okupedzisira oupenyu hwake

Mushure kudzingwa chaizvo-sekuru dema Pushkin kwakaita vakagara nomudzimai wake mumusha Suyda pedyo St. Petersburg. Akanga akapfuma chaizvo muridzi womunda, iyo muridzi vanopfuura zviuru 3 serfs. In Suyda Hannibal akapedza okupedzisira makore 19 oupenyu hwake. Kuzomushanyira kanopfuura kamwe akashanyira Alexander Suvorov, uyo pamwe baba vake, Abrama Petrovich aiva shamwari kwenguva refu. Maererano runyerekupe, ndiye akanyengetedza shamwari yake kuti vadzidzise mwanakomana wake zvehondo.

Winter 1781 aine makore 64 akafa Christina Sjöberg. Hannibal akapona naye kubudikidza 2 chete mwedzi, uye akafa April 20, 1781. Aiva nemakore 85 okuberekwa. Abhuramu Petrovich akavigwa musha kumakuva iri Suyda. Zvinosuruvarisa guva rake kusvikira nhasi harina hwaponeswa. Zvino imba, apo akapedza makore ake okupedzisira, Hannibal, ndizvo chirangaridzo yake kuchamuka.

Gakava pamusoro mufananidzo zimbuya Pushkin raMwari

Hazvizivikanwi kuti panguva yedu sechigaro Abhuramu Hannibal. Photo yomufananidzo ake akapfeka yunifomu, uko kunomiririrwa mumabhuku uye paIndaneti, vatsvakurudzi pakupedzisira kuzivikanwa. Maererano neimwe shanduro, vanoratidzwa akwegura kanivhasi murume ndiye mukuru-sekuru Pushkin Abhuramu Hannibal, pane dzimwe - mukuru-mu-mukuru nguva Catherine II Ivan Moller Zakomelsky. Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi hwakawanda huripo mufananidzo rima-ganda murume yunifomu, biographers dzakawanda Pushkin anonzi rimwe shoma yokupona mifananidzo Abhuramu Petrovich.

Ndangariro Hannibal mune mabhuku uye mabhaisikopo

Abhuramu Hannibal, Pushkin haana kumuwana. Nyanduri kunozivikanwa Russian akaberekwa makore 18 pashure pokufa sekuru vake African. Alexander nguva dzose kufarira Biography naAbramu Petrovich uye akatsanangura ake upenyu hwake nhoroondo basa konekwa "The Arap Petra Guru." Muna 1976, Soviet Director Alexander Mitta kwakavakirwa Pushkin kuti yokufungidzira abvisa dzomufirimu "The zvakaedza sei chevaux Peter Frizington akaroora". Hannibal basa firimu airidza Vladimir Vysotsky.