Kubatana Moscow hugota pamusoro Tver kana munhu zvakaitika uye chii gore? Ndakabatana Novgorod uye Tver kuMoscow kwavabati

Muzana XI remakore Old Russian Hurumende yakakamurwa anoverengeka akazvimirira zvemisoro. Mushure nechisimba Tatars uye kugadzwa Mongol joko vakatanga kuwedzera Moscow kwakaita simba. kataundi Izvi yakava muzinda enyika munyika Russian. Moscow machinda akatungamirira hondo pamwe inowanzorimwa vanogara. Pashure Dmitry Donskoy akakunda Mamai mu Hondo Kulikov, ichi utungamiri nzvimbo yakanga mberi kusimbiswa.

va- Novgorod

Zvisinei, mukuwedzera kuMoscow, pakanga pachine vashoma akapfuma uye zvinokosha maguta vakanakidzwa rusununguko. Kutanga vaiva Novgorod uye Tver. Dzakanga dzakabatanidzwa Moscow munguva yaitonga Ivan III (1462-1505).

Ishe Novgorod nguva dzose Guru akamira kundorwa mamwe maguta Russian. Muzana XII remakore zvakatanga kuva Republican hurongwa hurumende. Power muguta anonyanya muridzi ne Chamber. Raiva kuungana vagari vari kubata kiyi Novgorod Hurumende kuburikidza kuvhota. gutsaruzhinji akadaro yaivako chete muPskov. Novgorod akasarudza muchinda wavo. Kazhinji, ava vaiva vatongi Rurik dzinza. Muchinda vasingagoni akatamisa simba rake nokuda nhaka, sezvaiitwa mune mamwe maguta ekare.

Ndakabatana Novgorod uye Tver kuMoscow kwavabati kwakatungamirira pakumedura tsika, zvaizivikanwa vemo. Ivan III haana kufanana chokwadi rusununguko ushe pamahombekombe ari Volkhov. Mumakore ake ushe mangwanani akaita chibvumirano pasi iyo Novgorod Moscow autocrat akabvuma anorichengeta ake. Zvisinei, vaiva veboka vairemekedzwa vakanga vasingadi kusimbisa pokudzora Ivan. boka iri boyars, dzinotungamirirwa naGavhuna mukadzi Marfoy Boretskoy kubatana Lithuania. Ivan aiona chiito ichi somunhu kusavimbika. Akazivisa hondo vasingateereri. Muna 1478 mauto ake pakupedzisira kupinda Novgorod uye yakatora nayo zvinhu pamusoro Moscow muchinda. Zvakange namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara huru chiratidzo rusununguko veko - gungano bhero.

Nzvimbo Mikhail Khodorkovsky

Panguva ino, Tver akanga achiri pasina Moscow. It anotonga wechiduku Prince Mikhail Borisovich. Ivan III panguva, akatsauswa kubva ukama hwake Tver nemhaka yehondo pamwe eMongolia. Muna 1480 zvaida vakamira pamberi Ugra rwizi. Shure kwake, Ivan pakupedzisira ndikabvisa Yechinwiwa Horde rechibharo mamiriro.

Pashure paizvozvo kubatana kusvika Moscow hugota pamusoro Tver. Ivan III aiva kurutivi kwechirwere, uye nehondo huru. Tver akava ichangobva kurohwa mutemo "kuunganidza nyika Russian" uyewo nekuti vaiva Mikhail Borisovich kutyaira achikanganisa pakati muMoscow uye Novgorod.

History Tver

Vasati kuti, muna XIV remakore Tver aiva zvose mikana kuva musimboti kubatanidza zvose East necheSalvic zvemisoro. Kwenguva yakati, vatongi veguta akatora kunyange nhaka Vladimir - guta guru rekare mudunhu. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza kubuda Tver anofambisa kwakavhundutsa Tatars uye vamwe vatongi Russian. Somugumisiro, guta rakava waitirwa munhevedzano hondo iyo yose vavakidzani vakabatana pamusoro pake. Machinda vatatu Tver panguva dzakasiyana-siyana vakarasikirwa misoro yavo muna Horde. Kuburikidza hondo iyi mukuru pamusoro nyika yeRussia Moscow akunda. Ivan III achangopedza basa iro rakatanga ayo vamutangira.

Moscow uye Tver Union

Tver vatongi, kurasikirwa unoriumba simba, akaedza kugumisa kubatana Russia, umo vaizova kuenzana nhengo. Kana baba vake Ivan III, Vasily Dark, mu ushe ake akatanga nyonganyonga. Hondo pakati vazukuru Dmitriya Donskogo (venhema kuti chigaro) kwakakanganisa kuti ipapo Muchinda Tver Boris akasarudza kubatsira mumwe wavo. sarudzo yake ikawira Dark Basil. Vatongi vakabvumirana kuti Ivan III akaroora mwanasikana womuchinda Tver. Apo Basil pakupedzisira richengetwe pachigaro choushe (pasinei yokuti akanga akapofumadza), mubatanidzwa akanga kunyorwa kwenyaya.

Zvisinei, zviri muchato Ivan III zvibvire accession kuti Moscow hugota pamusoro Tver. mwanakomana wake wokutanga (uyewo Ivan), akavonga kuna mai vake, vaiva zvose kodzero cheushe sekuru vake.

kutonhora nomukadzi

The mutswe ari ukama pakati vavakidzani akauya, apo pakarepo murume afa muMoscow Maria B. Duke. Pashure pechiitiko ichi, kuti chinzvimbo uye newomuprofita Tver boyars akatanga kutamira kuMoscow, ari kutarisira hondo yemberi. Pakati pavo paiva Somuenzaniso, Daniil Holmsky - gavhuna akakurumbira uye wemauto. Kubatana Moscow hugota pamusoro Tver aifanira kuitika nokuda kusingadzivisiki nhoroondo zvikonzero, uye kubuda rokufunga chete akazviratidza nyaya nguva. Ivan III akakudza defectors, zvichireva mamwe boyars kuti zvakanaka kufamba basa naye. Matanho aya makaita kubatana kuti Moscow hugota pamusoro Tver nyore muviri. Elite yokuita zvinoitwa guta havana kurwisa zvisingadzivisiki chiitiko.

Rakatevera kurwisa Mihailu Borisovichu aiva kugadzwa bhishopu Tver Bassion. Munyika waiva mwanakomana mumwe veuto Ivan III. The bhishopu itsva yaiva Ziso mambo mutaundi riri pedyo. Akaita zvakawanda kuisa accession pamusoro Tver kuMoscow kwavabati. Gore negore, Bishop Ivan akatuma Dzinofadza Dzakaitika Kwakasiyana pamusoro mamiriro pfungwa vatongi vemunharaunda.

New dzairwisa Michael

Tariro wekupedzisira Mikhail Borisovich kuchengetedza rusununguko aigona kuva chibvumirano pamwe-Lithuanian Polish mamiriro. Ndakabatana Tver kuMoscow kwavabati yaizova kuoma kana akamira vavakidzani Western. Pakutanga, Michael anotungamirirwa vakirisito magnates uye zvizvarwa Gediminas. Akagumisa michato dynastic, asi havana kuuya chero mibayiro.

Muna 1483 Michael akava pfunda. Akasarudza kutumira muchivande Embassy kuna mambo Polish Casimir. Muchinda aida kuroora muzukuru wake uye awane yaaivimba. Matanda akanga vaKaturike, uye muMoscow vakanga vachibatwa kupfuura tonhorera. Nokukurumidza Ivan III akadzidza pamusoro chakavanzika noukama Michael. Pashure paizvozvo, akasarudza kutanga Tver kubatana Moscow hugota. Musi chiitiko ichi riri zvisingadzoreki pedyo.

Fall Tver

Pakapera August 1485, Ivan III akaunganidza vakavimbika regiments. Navo akaenda Tver, tichizivisa hondo Mihailu Borisovichu. Dzivisa hugota yaiva chinhu. Michael akatizira kuPoland. Kuramba ari boyars Ivan akakumbirwa kuvapinza basa rake kupfuura rapera kubatana Tver kuMoscow kwavabati. Gore negore, Ivan zvishoma nezvishoma vakasiya wokwake pasina vatsigiri uye pfuma. Pakupedzisira, pakanga kuomerera Moscow hugota pamusoro Tver. Kana mumwe munhu angadai akararama kana zvino vomumaguta, vakanga vasingagoni kuzokudzivisa chehurumende. Moscow aiva semhedzisiro pakuwedzera emakore hondo pakati dzakananga ukuru, waiva kukunda munhu mumwe. Kana mwanakomana Ivan III uye Vasily Vakabatanidza muPskov uye Ryazan, uko kwakaguma mubatanidzwa Russia. Moscow rava enyika National Centre, iyo kare haana nharo.

Last Muchinda Tver Mikhail Borisovich akanga muPoland, apo akafa murunyararo 1505 (chete gore sezvo Ivan III). By Casimir, akagamuchira matunhu akawanda, kwaaigara kusvikira parufu rwake.