Ugra - norwizi Kaluga Region

Ugra - rwizi inoyerera kuburikidza Kaluga uye Smolensk kumatunhu Russia. Zviri kuruboshwe mutero of Ob River. Ugra wechisikigo muganhu pamusoro kumucheto guru Motherland yedu - Moscow. Saka, musi dzarwo zvakaitika zvakawanda zvakapembererwa zvombo mbiri nezita yamadzibaba. On ichi chakanaka rwizi pedyo Moscow ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Zita Ugra River

kukakavadzana kuitwa panyaya Mabviro ezwi zita rwizi. Vamwe vanodavira kuti zita haasi necheSalvic uye Finno-Ugric mavambo. In mutauro uyu, mudzi "vrai" ( "Southern") rinoreva "rwizi". Vamwe vanodavira kuti shoko "Ugra" yakatanga vekare Russian Qgr ', rinoreva "honye". Yakanga kubva chiratidzo ichi zvakaitika ano shoko "muramba". Kana tikabvuma pfungwa iyi kufunga, zvinganzi vakafunga kuti kare vanhu rinonzi rwizi "meandering, dzinopoterera" nokuti inoratidza mamiriro kuyerera kwayo, zvinoshamisa kushandura gwara ravo.

Kwakabva Ugra River, zita racho rine chokuita nevamwe Magyar kugarwa vakanga dzarwo kubva panguva yakare. Magyar dzedzinza zita shoko "Ugric".

tsananguro hydrological

Rwizi 399 makiromita. Pool nzvimbo - vanenge 15.700 km ^2. Panobva Ugra iri kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva chikamu Smolensk nharaunda.

Ugra - rwizi, izvo dzinofambiswa nokuda dzakawanda: 60% kubva wepagore eko weveta yakanyungudutswa mvura, 30% vaiva pasi, uye 5 chete% of kuerera unouya pamwe precipitates. hurumende rwizi pamwero kunoratidzwa yakakwirira, akazivisa kumiswa yakaderera zvakakwana pasi-mvura nguva muzhizha uye kwematsutso, dzimwe nguva kwedzimwe mafashamo nokuda madzvotsvotsvo, uye pasi uye akatsiga pasi-mvura nguva muchando. Mukupera March, aizi kurwizi inonyunguduka uye rinotanga chitubu mafashamo, iyo inoguma mukutanga May. Panguva iyi, mvura pamwero achisimuka 10-11 metres, tichienzanisa yechando nguva. Avhareji kunwa mvura murwizi kuti gore iri 90 mamita ³ pasekondi yoga yoga.

Ugra yakafukidzwa chando kubva mukupera November kusvikira January. Rwizi haana yaita chando ari shallows, nokuda simba dzenzvimbo pakukora aizi pamusoro Ugra siyana.

River Valley dzinoratidzwa vakawanda mafashamo mapani, nohupamhi kunosvika 1-2 makiromita, uye mune nomurwizi - 3,5? Km. Ugra mugero upamhi ndiyo 70-80 mamita nomurwizi. Avhareji kuyerera mwero erwizi - 0.4-0.6 m / s.

springhead

Ugra - rwizi, huchibva muna Smolensk nharaunda, Yelninsky District, 25 chete kubva muguta Yelnya, 2 km kubva mumusha High. Iyi nzvimbo haanzi ane dzinongoitika Monument vomunharaunda kukosha. Natural miganhu dzakachengetedzwa nzvimbo ndiyo nharaunda dzakaderera, umo riri. Panobva rwizi - duku Marsh, izvo dzinofambiswa ne mvura eko. Ugra mupata panguva iyi anenge asina kuratidzwa, zviri anenge vashoma chose pamwe makwenzi nemiti diki. Pakati miti hunodzorwa Birch, Aspen ndiye ishoma. Age ouswa nzvimbo inosvikira 35-40 makore. Chete pedyo nomusha High River unowana zvatinosiita chimiro ane akasiyana nzira dzose uye pamusoro.

rechibharo

Muna Kaluga nharaunda rwizi atambanudza vadzore kuti 160 makiromita. In Ugra zvikuru mainozonodira zvikova nenzizi. chikuru rechibharo aro vari: mupfudze, vakarasikirwa nokutenda, Shan, Techa, ress, kutaura, Rosvyanka, Veprik, Verezhka, Sokhna Coon Remezh, Uzhayka, Debra, Dymenka, Gordota, Oskovka, Makivka, Baskakovka, Sobzha, rakatenderera, Voronovka, Sigosa , chechi, Leonidovka nevamwe vazhinji. Total Kaluga rwizi Ugra ane 44 inflows. It rine panhovo hurungudo uye jecha yakaisvonaka. Ugra anomhanya kupinda Oka chinhambwe makiromita gumi kubva panotangira muguta Kaluga.

nhoroondo zvinhu

Ugra - rwizi kuti kazhinji akaita se muganhu pakati enyika akasiyana idzodzo uye etnoplemennymi dzinongoitika. Kutanga kubva 1147, muzvinyorwa ane anotaura enyika Kusanzwisisana pariri. Wakatanga kuzivikanwa vanonzi "vakamira Ugra rwizi." Saka yaMakoronike Russian inonzi pavanotaurirana kwakaitika pakati huru muchinda Moscow Ivan Third uye Khan Big Horde Akhmat muna 1480. Izvi nguva munhoroondo Russia iri kuonekwa pakupera Mongol-wechiTatar joko. Kuzvidzivirira ukoshi Ugra anosimbisa zita remadunhurirwa rokuti, izvo paakavapa vanhu vake - "Belt Musikana."

Pamahombekombe erwizi Ugra akasiyanisa mbiri zvakapembererwa zvombo, vokuRussia vakawanda. Pano muna 1812, kudzivirira akaramba yakakurumbira Denis Davydov. Panguva Second World War, munguva kutanga Nazi mauto muMoscow, Ugra akava dzinongoitika chipingamupinyi pakati kutsigira zviri munyika uye vanopinda nechisimba. On rwizi, akaita kuti Feat AG Rogov, mukuru dzechikwata wavarwi. Akatuma Ndege akapisa pamusoro yechiFascist kuyambuka Ugra akariputsa.

Kuredza Hove rwizi

In Ugra, unogona kubata hove dzakasiyana: Pike, burbot, roach, bream, sirivha bream, Sturgeon, Catfish uye knot. On the aft Inosvika, iro riri pasi rinopfungaira, mhenyu ndyiro kana KUKWEZVWA ndiro tsime abatwa Pike. Vamwe rehove Fauna of rwizi vanosarudza nehonye. Spring nani kubata neKubhi pamusoro Chikumi tsikidzi. Muzhizha mushakabvu, nokuruma akanaka pamusoro hwiza neKubhi. anglers ruzivo vanoramba hove dzavo Kukan uye keji, sezvinoita muskrat kana otter anogona vanoverevedza kumusoro chinyararire, uye kuti arrogate inozviitira kwezvinotorwa nechisimba anokosha.

national Park

Imwe cleanest nechepakati munharaunda Russia anonzi kuti rwizi Ugra. Kaluga nzvimbo inozivikanwa zvayo zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa. Muna 1997, nzvimbo akaonekwa "Ugra" National Park, chinova zvikuru akadzivirirwa dzinongoitika mundima. Inokura zvakasiyana siyana vascular miti (1026 marudzi), zvimwe izvo yabva North America, nepo vamwe vari kasvisto vemo. The National Park iri kukura 140 zvisingawanzoitiki mhando nokuti Kaluga Region: Mudzimai wacho patapata, palchatokollennik reBaltic, munhenga uswa, neottianta cucullata, Cephalanthera longifolia uye nevamwe. Vakawanda zvirimwa izvi vari Red Book of Russian Federation.

The Fauna of National Park chinomiririrwa 300 marudzi. Zviri musha nondo, dzomusango, squirrels, Elk uye the marten. Pakati peshiri vakawanda Grouse, Grouse, hawks, huni hangaiwa uye woodcocks. Pamahombekombe erwizi unokwanisa kuwana beavers uye otters. In zvachose, mupaka ru-: mhuka - 57 eshiri - 210 hove - 36, amphibians - 10 zvinokambaira - 6 cyclostomes - 1.

National Park "Ugra" kunosvika mhiri Kaluga kunzvimbo chinhambwe 200 makiromita. 90% kwemarudzi kusiyana nharaunda kunosanganisira chengetedza.